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buried�察�as having died of dysentery due to alcoholism�察�when the suspicions 

of his brother led the coroner to stop the funeral。              The brother had heard 

word   of   insurance   on   the   life   of   Thomas。   A  post´mortem   revealed   the 

fact   that   Thomas     had   actually   died   of   arsenic   poisoning�察    �upon   which 

discovery      the  bodies    of  John    Flanagan�察    �Mary    Higgins�察   �and    Margaret 

Jennings were exhumed for autopsy�察�which revealed arsenic poisoning in 

each   case。     The   prisoners   alone   had   attended   the   deceased   in   the   last 

illnesses。    Theory went that the poison had been obtained by soaking fly´ 

papers。     Mesdames        Flanagan     and   Higgins     were   executed     at  Kirkdale 

Gaol in March of 1884。 

     Now�察    �these   are  two    cases   which�察   �if  only   minor    in  the  wholesale 

poisoning   line     when    compared   with      the  Van    der  Linden�察   �Jegado�察   �and 

Cotton envenomings�察�yet have their points of interest。                 In both cases the 

guilty were so far able to banish ``all trivial fond records'' as to dispose of 

kindred who might have been dear to them�此               �Mrs Holroyd of husband and 

son�察�with lodger's daughter as makeweight�察�the Liverpool pair of nephew�察�

husband�察�stepdaughter ��or son�察�brother´in´law�察�and stepniece�察�according to 

how   you   look   at    it���察  �with   again   the  unfortunate   daughter   of   a   lodger 

thrown      in。   If   they    ``do   things   better   on    the  Continent''speaking 

generally   and   ignoring   our   own   Mary   Annthere   is   yet   temptation   to 

examine the lesser native products at length�察�but space and the scheme of 

this   book   prevent。    In   the   matter   of   the   Liverpool   Locustas   there   is   an 



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engaging   speculation。        It   was   brought   to   my   notice   by   Mr Alan   Brock�察�

author of By Misadventure and Further Evidence。                     Just how far did the 

use   of   flypapers   by   Flanagan   and   Higgins   for   the   obtaining   of   arsenic 

serve   as   an   example   to   Mrs   Maybrick�察  �convicted   of   the   murder   of   her 

husband in the same city five years later�拭�

     The     list  of   women       poisoners     in   England     alone    would      stretch 

interminably。       If one were to confine oneself merely to those employing 

arsenic   the   list   would   still   be   formidable。  Mary   Blandy�察  �who   callously 

slew    her   father   with   arsenic    supplied    her  by   her   lover   at  Henley´on´ 

Thames   in   1751�察  �has   been   a   subject   for   many   criminological   essayists。 

That she has attracted so much attention is probably due to the double fact 

that she was a girl in a very comfortable way of life�察�heiress to a fortune of 

L10��000�察     �and   that  contemporary   records        are   full  and   accessible。    But 

there is nothing essentially interesting about her case to make it stand out 

from   others   that   have   attracted   less   notice   in   a   literary   way。  Another 

Mary�察�of a later date�察�Edith Mary Carew�察�who in 1892 was found guilty by 

the Consular Court�察�Yokohama�察�of the murder of her husband with arsenic 

and   sugar   of   lead�察  �was   an   Englishwoman   who   might   have   given   Mary 

Blandy points in several directions。 

     When we leave the arsenical´minded and seek for cases where other 

poisons   were   employed   there   is   still   no   lack   of   material。   There   is�察  �for 

example�察�the case of Sarah Pearson and the woman Black�察�who were tried 

at Armagh   in   June   1905   for   the   murder   of   the   old   mother   of   the   latter。 

The   old   woman�察�Alice   Pearson   ��Sarah   was   her   daughter´in´law���察  �was   in 

possession      of   small   savings�察    �some    forty   pounds�察    �which    aroused     the 

cupidity of the younger women。               Their first attempt at murder was with 

metallic mercury。        It rather failed�察�and the trick was turned by means of 

three´pennyworth of strychnine�察�bought by Sarah and mixed with the old 

lady's food。      The murder might not have been discovered but for the fact 

that Sarah�察�who had gone to Canada�察�was arrested in Montreal for some 

other offence�察�and made a confession which implicated her husband and 

Black。     A notable point about the case is the amount of metallic mercury 

found in the old woman's body�此�296 grainsa record。 

     Having regard to the condition of life in which these Irishwomen lived�察�



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there   is   nothing�察  �to   my   mind�察  �in   the   fact   that   they   murdered   for   forty 

pounds to make their crime more sordid than that of Mary Blandy。 

     Take�察  �again�察  �the   case   of   Mary Ansell�察  �the   domestic   servant�察  �who�察  �at 

Hertford Assizes in June 1899�察�was found guilty of the murder of her sister�察�

Caroline�察�by the administration of phosphorus contained in a cake。                     Here 

the motive for the murder was the insurance made by Ansell upon the life 

of   her   sister�察  �a   young   woman   of   weak   intellect   confined   in   Leavesden 

Asylum�察�Watford。         The sum assured was only L22 10s。               If Mary Blandy 

poisoned her father in order to be at liberty to marry her lover�察�Cranstoun�察�

and   to   secure   the   fortune   Cranstoun   wanted   with   her�察  �wherein   does   she 

shine above Mary Ansell�察�a murderess who not only poisoned her sister�察�

but nearly murdered several of her sister's fellow´inmates of the asylum�察�

and    all  for  twenty    odd    pounds�拭    �Certainly      not  in  being    less  sordid�察�

certainly not in being more `romantic。' 

     There is�察�at root�察�no case of murder proved and accepted as such which 

does not contain its points of interest for the criminological writer。               There 

is�察�indeed�察�many a case�察�not only of murder but of lesser crime�察�that has 

failed to attract a lot of attention�察�but that yet�察�in affording matter for the 

student   of   crime   and   criminal   psychology�察  �surpasses   others   which�察  �very 

often because there has been nothing of greater public moment at the time�察�

were boomed by the Press into the prominence of causes celebres。 

     There is no need then�察�after all�察�for any crime writer who wants to fry a 

modest   basket   of   fish   to   mourn   because   Mr   Roughead�察  �Mr。   Beaufroy 

Barry�察�Mr Guy Logan�察�Miss Tennyson Jesse�察�Mr Leonard R。 Gribble�察�and 

others   of   his   estimable   fellows   seem   to   have   swiped   all   the   sole   and 

salmon。      It may be a matter for envy that Mr Roughead�察�with his uncanny 

skill and his gift in piquant sauces�察�can turn out the haddock and hake with 

all the delectability of sole a la Normande。             The sigh of envy will merge 

into   an   exhalation   of   joy   over   the  artistry   of   it。 And   one   may   turn�察�

wholeheartedly and inspired�察�to see what can be made of one's own catch 

of gudgeon。 



     �ァ�III 

     ``More deadly than the male。'' 



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     Kipling's     line   about   the   female     of  the   species    has   been    quoted�察�

particularly as a text for dissertation on the female criminal�察�perhaps rather 

too often。     There is always a temptation to use the easy gambit。 

     It is quite probable that there are moments in a woman's life when she 

does become more deadly than the male。 The probability is one which no 

man of age and experience will lack instance for making a fact。                     Without 

seeking to become profound in the mat

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