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an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及11嫗

弌傍�� an account of egypt(娃式芝) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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come from Egypt。 

     Moreover�察�it is true also that the Egyptians were the first of men who 

made solemn assemblies and processions and approaches to the temples�察�

and from them the Hellenes have learnt them�察�and my evidence for this is 

that the Egyptian celebrations of these have been held from a very ancient 

time�察�whereas the Hellenic were introduced but lately。 The Egyptians hold 

their solemn assemblies not once in the year but often�察�especially and with 

the greatest zeal and devotion at the city of Bubastis for Artemis�察�and next 

at Busiris for Isis�察�for in this last´ named city there is a very great temple 

of Isis�察�and this city stands in the middle of the Delta of Egypt�察�now Isis is 

in   the   tongue    of  the   Hellenes    Demeter�此     �thirdly�察 �they   have    a  solemn 

assembly at the city of Sais for Athene�察�fourthly at Heliopolis for the Sun 

��Helios���察�fifthly at the city of Buto in honour of Leto�察�and sixthly at the 

city   of   Papremis   for   Ares。   Now�察  �when   they   are   coming   to   the   city   of 

Bubastis   they   do   as   follows��they   sail   men   and   women   together�察  �and   a 

great multitude of each sex in every boat�察�and some of the women have 

rattles and rattle with them�察�while some of the men play the flute during 

the whole time of the voyage�察�and the rest�察�both women and men�察�sing and 

clap their hands�察�and when as they sail they come opposite to any city on 

the way they bring the boat to land�察�and some of the women continue to do 

as I have said�察�others cry aloud and jeer at the women in that city�察�some 

dance�察  �and   some   stand   up   and   pull   up   their   garments。   This   they   do   by 

every city along the river´bank�察�and when they come to Bubastis they hold 

festival celebrating great sacrifices�察�and more wine of grapes is consumed 

upon   that   festival   than   during   the   whole   of   the   rest   of   the   year。   To   this 

place   ��so   say   the   natives��   they   come   together   year   by   year   even   to   the 

number of seventy myriads of men and women�察�besides children。 Thus it 

is done here�察�and how they celebrate the festival in honour of Isis at the 

city   of  Busiris    has   been   told   by   me  before�此   �for�察 �as  I  said�察 �they   beat 

themselves   in   mourning   after   the   sacrifice�察  �all   of   them   both   men   and 

women�察�very many myriads of people�察�but for whom they beat themselves 



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it is not permitted to me by religion to say�此�and so many as there are of the 

Carians      dwelling     in   Egypt     do   this   even     more    than    the   Egyptians 

themselves�察�inasmuch as they cut their foreheads also with knives�察�and by 

this it is manifested that they are strangers and not Egyptians。 At the times 

when   they   gather   together   at   the   city   of   Sais   for   their   sacrifices�察  �on   a 

certain night they all kindle lamps many in number in the open air round 

about the houses�察�now the lamps are saucers full of salt and oil mixed�察�and 

the wick floats by itself on   the surface�察  �and this burns during the   whole 

night�察�and to the festival is given the name /Lychnocaia/ ��the lighting of 

lamps��。     Moreover      those    of  the   Egyptians     who    have    not   come    to  this 

solemn   assembly   observe   the   night   of   the   festival   and   themselves   also 

light   lamps   all   of   them�察  �and   thus   not   in   Sais   alone   are   they  lighted�察  �but 

over all Egypt�此�and as to the reason why light and honour are allotted to 

this night�察�about this there is a sacred story told。 To Heliopolis and Buto 

they   go   year   by   year    and   do   sacrifice   only�此  �but   at   Papremis   they   do 

sacrifice and worship as elsewhere�察�and besides that�察�when the sun begins 

to go down while some few of the priests are occupied with the image of 

the god�察�the greater number   of them  stand in the entrance of the temple 

with    wooden      clubs�察  �and   other   persons   to   the   number   of   more   than      a 

thousand   men   with   purpose   to   perform   a   vow�察  �these   also   having   all   of 

them  staves   of   wood�察 �stand   in   a  body  opposite   to   those�此  �and   the   image�察�

which is in a small shrine of wood covered over with gold�察�they take out 

on the day before to another sacred building。 The few then who have been 

left about the image�察�draw a wain with four wheels�察�which bears the shrine 

and the image that is within the shrine�察�and the other priests standing in the 

gateway try to prevent it from entering�察�and the men who are under a vow 

come to the assistance of the god and strike them�察�while the others defend 

themselves。   Then   there   comes   to   be   a   hard   fight   with   staves�察  �and   they 

break one another's heads�察�and I am of opinion that many even die of the 

wounds   they   receive�察  �the   Egyptians   however   told   me   that   no   one   died。 

This solemn assembly the people of the place say that they established for 

the following reason��the mother of Ares�察�they say�察�used to dwell in this 

temple�察�and Ares�察�having been brought up away from her�察�when he grew 

up   came   thither   desiring   to   visit   his   mother�察  �and   the   attendants   of   his 



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mother's temple�察�not having seen him before�察�did not permit him to pass in�察�

but kept him away�察�and he brought men to help him from another city and 

handled   roughly   the   attendants   of   the   temple�察  �and   entered   to   visit   his 

mother。 Hence�察�they say�察�this exchange of blows has become the custom in 

honour of Ares upon his festival。 

     The Egyptians were the first who made it a point of religion not to lie 

with women in temples�察�nor to enter into temples after going away from 

women       without     first  bathing�此   �for   almost    all  other    men    except    the 

Egyptians   and   the   Hellenes   lie   with   women   in   temples   and   enter   into   a 

temple after going away from women without bathing�察�since they hold that 

there is no difference in this respect between men and beasts�此�for they say 

that they see beasts and the various kinds of birds coupling together both 

in the temples and in the sacred enclosures of the gods�察�if then this were 

not pleasing to the god�察�the beasts would not do so。 

     Thus do these defend that which they do�察�which by me is disallowed�此�

but   the   Egyptians   are   excessively   careful   in   their   observances�察  �both   in 

other   matters   which   concern   the   sacred       rites   and   also  in   those  which 

follow��Egypt�察�though it borders upon Libya�察�does not very much abound 

in wild animals�察�but such as they have are one and all accounted by them 

sacred�察�some of them living with men and others not。 But if I should say 

for what reasons the sacred animals have been thus dedicated�察�I should fall 

into discourse of matters pertaining to the gods�察�of which I most desire not 

to speak�察�and what I have actually said touching slightly upon them�察�I said 

because   I   was   constrained   by   necessity。   About   these   animals   there   is   a 

custom of this kind�此�persons have been appointed of the Egyptians�察�both 

men and women�察�to provide the food for each kind of beast separately�察�and 

their   office   goes   down   from   father   to   son�察  �and   those   who   dwell   in   the 

various cities perform vows to them thus�察�that is�察�when they make a vow to 

the god to whom the animal belongs�察�they shave the head of their children 

either the whole or the half or the third part of it�察�and then set the hair in 

the balance against silver�察�and whatever it weighs�察�this the man gives to 

the   person   who   provides   for   the   animals�察  �and   she   

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