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an account of egypt(娃式芝)-及2嫗

弌傍�� an account of egypt(娃式芝) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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more ancient people than themselves。 That so it came to pass I heard from 

the  priests   of   that   Hephaistos   who   dwells   at   Memphis�察  �but   the   Hellenes 

relate�察  �besides    many     other   idle  tales�察  �that  Psammetichos        cut  out   the 

tongues of certain women and then caused the children to live with these 

women。 

     With regard then to the rearing of the children they related so much as 

I have said�此�and I heard also other things at Memphis when I had speech 

with    the   priests   of  Hephaistos。     Moreover      I  visited   both    Thebes    and 

Heliopolis for this very cause�察�namely because I wished to know whether 

the   priests   at   these   places   would   agree   in   their   accounts   with   those   at 

Memphis�察  �for   the   men   of   Heliopolis   are   said   to   be   the   most   learned   in 

records   of   the   Egyptians。   Those   of   their   narrations   which   I   heard   with 

regard to the gods I am not earnest to relate in full�察�but I shall name them 

only because I consider that all men are equally ignorant of these matters�此�

and whatever things of them I may record I shall record only because I am 

compelled       by  the   course   of   the  story。  But   as  to   those   matters   which 

concern      men�察  �the   priests   agreed    with   one   another    in  saying    that  the 

Egyptians were the first of all men on earth to find out the course of the 

year�察�having divided the seasons into twelve parts to make up the whole�察�

and this they said they found out from the stars�此�and they reckon to this 

extent more wisely than the Hellenes�察�as it seems to me�察�inasmuch as the 

Hellenes   throw   in   an   intercalated   month   every   other   year�察  �to   make   the 

seasons   right�察  �whereas   the   Egyptians�察  �reckoning   the   twelve   months           at 

thirty days each�察�bring in also every year five days beyond number�察�and 

thus the circle of their season is completed and comes round to the same 

point whence it set out。 They said moreover that the Egyptians were the 

first   who    brought    into   use   appellations    for   the  twelve    gods    and   the 



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Hellenes   took   up   the   use   from   them�察  �and   that   they   were   the   first   who 

assigned   altars   and   images   and   temples   to   the   gods�察  �and   who   engraved 

figures on stones�察�and   with regard to the  greater number  of these  things 

they showed me by actual facts that they had happened so。 They said also 

that the first man who became king of Egypt was Min�察�and that in his time 

all   Egypt   except   the   district   of   Thebes   was   a   swamp�察  �and   none   of   the 

regions were then above water which now lie below the lake of Moiris�察�to 

which lake it is a voyage of seven days up the river from the sea�此�and I 

thought that they said well about the land�察�for it is manifest in truth even to 

a person who has not heard it beforehand but has only seen�察�at least if he 

have understanding�察�that the Egypt to which the Hellenes come in ships is 

a land which has been won by the Egyptians as an addition�察�and that it is a 

gift of the river�此�moreover the regions which lie above this lake also for a 

distance of three days' sail�察�about which they did not go on to say anything 

of this kind�察�are nevertheless another instance of the same thing�此�for the 

nature     of  the   land   of  Egypt    is  as   follows��First     when    you   are   still 

approaching it in a ship and are distant a day's run from the land�察�if you let 

down a sounding´line you will bring up mud and you will find yourself in 

eleven fathoms。 This then so far shows that there is a silting forward of the 

land。  Then   secondly�察  �as   to   Egypt   itself�察  �the   extent   of   it   along   the   sea   is 

sixty  /schoines/�察  �according   to   our   definition   of   Egypt   as   extending   from 

the Gulf of Plinthine to the Serbonian lake�察�along which stretches Mount 

Casion�察�from this lake then the sixty /schoines/ are reckoned�此�for those of 

men who are poor in land have their country measured by fathoms�察�those 

who are less poor by furlongs�察�those who have much land by parasangs�察�

and those who have land in very great abundance by /schoines/�此�now the 

parasang      is  equal   to  thirty  furlongs�察   �and    each   /schoine/�察   �which    is  an 

Egyptian measure�察�is equal to sixty furlongs。 So there would be an extent 

of three thousand six hundred furlongs for the coast´land of Egypt。 From 

thence and as far as Heliopolis inland Egypt is broad�察�and the land is all 

flat and without springs of water and formed of mud�此�and the road as one 

goes inland from the sea to Heliopolis is about the same in length as that 

which   leads   from  the   altar   of the   twelve gods   at Athens to   Pisa   and   the 

temple   of   Olympian   Zeus�此  �reckoning   up   you   would   find   the   difference 



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very  small   by  which   these   roads   fail   of   being   equal in   length�察 �not   more 

indeed than fifteen furlongs�察�for the road from Athens to Pisa wants fifteen 

furlongs of   being fifteen   hundred�察 �while the  road to Heliopolis   from  the 

sea reaches that number completely。 From Heliopolis however�察�as you go 

up�察 �Egypt is   narrow�察  �for on   the one   side   a   mountain´range   belonging   to 

Arabia stretches along by the side of it�察�going in a direction from the North 

towards the midday and the South Wind�察�tending upwards without a break 

to that which is called the Erythraian Sea�察�in which range are the stone´ 

quarries which were used in cutting stone for the pyramids at Memphis。 

On this side then the mountain ends where I have said�察�and then takes a 

turn back�察�and where it is widest�察�as I was informed�察�it is a journey of two 

months across from East to West�察�and the borders of it which turn towards 

the East are said to produce frankincense。 Such then is the nature of this 

mountain´range�察  �and   on   the   side   of   Egypt   towards   Libya   another   range 

extends�察�rocky and enveloped in sand�此�in this are the pyramids�察�and it runs 

in   the   same   direction   as   those   parts   of   the Arabian   mountains   which   go 

towards the midday。 So then�察�I say�察�from Heliopolis the land has no longer 

a great extent so far as it belongs to Egypt�察�and for about four days' sail up 

the   river   Egypt   properly  so   called   is   narrow�此  �and   the   space   between   the 

mountain´ ranges which have been mentioned is plain´land�察�but where it is 

narrowest it did not seem to me to exceed two hundred furlongs from the 

Arabian mountains to those which are called the Libyan。 After this again 

Egypt   is   broad。   Such   is   the   nature   of   this   land�此  �and   from   Heliopolis   to 

Thebes   is   a   voyage   up   the   river   of   nine   days�察  �and   the   distance   of   the 

journey in furlongs is four thousand eight hundred and sixty�察�the number 

of /schoines/ being eighty´one。 If these measures of Egypt in furlongs be 

put together�察�the result is as follows��I have already before this shown that 

the distance along the sea amounts to three thousand six hundred furlongs�察�

and I will now declare what the distance is inland from the sea to Thebes�察�

namely   six   thousand   one   hundred   and   twenty   furlongs�此  �and   again   the 

distance from Thebes to the city called Elephantine is one thousand eight 

hundred furlongs。 

     Of this land then�察�concerning which I have spoken�察�it seemed to myself 

also�察�according as the priests said�察�that the greater part had been won as an 



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addition by the E

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