histories-第31章
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private enterprises men may advance or recede; and presume more or
less upon fortune as they may choose; whereas they who aim at empire
have no alternative between the highest success and utter downfall。
The strength of the army of Germany; with which as a military man he
was well acquainted; was continually before his eyes。 He reflected
that his own legions were wholly without experience of a civil war;
that those of Vitellius had been victorious; and that among the
conquered there was more dissatisfaction than real strength。 Civil
strife had shaken the fidelity of the Roman soldiery; and danger was
to be apprehended from individuals。 What would be the use of
infantry and cavalry; should one or two men seek the prize with
which the enemy would be ready to reward a prompt act of treason? It
was thus that Scribonianus had fallen in the days of Claudius; and his
murderer; Volaginius; had been raised from the ranks to the highest
military command。 It was easier to move the hearts of the multitude
than to avoid the single assassin。
Though staggered by these apprehensions; he was confirmed in his
purpose by others among the legates and among his own friends; and
particularly by Mucianus; who; after many conversations with him in
private; now publicly addressed him in the following terms: 〃All who
enter upon schemes involving great interests; should consider
whether what they are attempting be for the advantage of the State;
for their own credit; easy of accomplishment; or at any rate free from
serious difficulty。 They must also weigh the circumstances of their
adviser; must see whether he will follow up his advice by
imperilling himself; and must know who; should fortune prosper the
undertaking; is to have the highest honours。 I invite you;
Vespasian; to a dignity which will be as beneficial to the State; as
it will be honourable to yourself。 Under heaven this dignity lies
within your reach。 And do not dread what may present the semblance
of flattery。 To be chosen successor to Vitellius would be more of an
insult than a compliment。 It is not against the vigorous intellect
of the Divine Augustus; it is not against the profound subtlety of the
aged Tiberius; it is not even against the house of Caius; Claudius; or
Nero; established by a long possession of the Empire; that we are
rising in revolt。 You have already yielded to the prestige even of
Galba's family。 To persist in inaction; and to leave the State to
degradation and ruin; would look like indolence and cowardice; even
supposing that servitude were as safe for you as it would be infamous。
The time has gone by and passed away when you might have endured the
suspicion of having coveted Imperial power。 That power is now your
only refuge。 Have you forgotten how Corbulo was murdered? His
origin; I grant; was more illustrious than ours; yet in nobility of
birth Nero surpassed Vitellius。 The man who is afraid sees distinction
enough in any one whom he fears。 That an Emperor can be created by the
army; Vitellius is himself a proof; who; though he had seen no service
and had no military reputation; was raised to the throne by the
unpopularity of Galba。 Otho; who was overcome; not indeed by skilful
generalship; or by a powerful enemy; but by his own premature despair;
this man has made into a great and deservedly regretted Emperor; and
all the while he is disbanding his legions; disarming his auxiliaries;
and sowing every day fresh seeds of civil war。 All the energy and high
spirit which once belonged to his army is wasted in the revelry of
taverns and in aping the debaucheries of their chief。 You have from
Judaea; Syria; and Egypt; nine fresh legions; unexhausted by battle;
uncorrupted by dissension; you have a soldiery hardened by habits of
warfare and victorious over foreign foes; you have strong fleets;
auxiliaries both horse and foot; kings most faithful to your cause;
and an experience in which you excel all other men。
〃For myself I will claim nothing more than not to be reckoned
inferior to Valens and Caecina。 But do not spurn Mucianus as an
associate; because you do not find in him a rival。 I count myself
better than Vitellius; I count you better than myself。 Your house is
ennobled by the glories of a triumph; it has two youthful scions;
one of whom is already equal to the cares of Empire; and in the
earliest years of his military career won renown with these very
armies of Germany。 It would be ridiculous in me not to waive my claims
to Empire in favour of the man whose son I should adopt; were I myself
Emperor。 Between us; however; there will not be an equal
distribution of the fruits of success or failure。 If we are
victorious。 I shall have whatever honour you think fit to bestow on
me; the danger and the peril we shall share alike; nay; I would rather
have you; as is the better policy; direct your armies; and leave to me
the conduct of the war and the hazards of battle。 At this very
moment a stricter discipline prevails among the conquered than among
the conquerors。 The conquered are fired to valour by anger; by hatred;
by the desire of vengeance; while the conquerors are losing their
energy in pride and insolence。 War will of itself discover and lay
open the hidden and rankling wounds of the victorious party。 And;
indeed; your vigilance; economy; and wisdom; do not inspire me with
greater confidence of success than do the indolence; ignorance; and
cruelty of Vitellius。 Once at war; we have a better cause than we
can have in peace; for those who deliberate on revolt have revolted
already。〃
After this speech from Mucianus; the other officers crowded round
Vespasian with fresh confidence; encouraging him; and reminding him of
the responses of prophets and the movements of the heavenly bodies。
Nor was Vespasian proof against this superstition; for afterwards;
when master of the world; he openly retained one Seleucus; an
astrologer; to direct his counsels; and to foretell the future。 Old
omens now recurred to his thoughts。 A cypress tree of remarkable
height on his estate had suddenly fallen; and rising again the
following day on the very same spot; had flourished with majestic
beauty and even broader shade。 This; as the Haruspices agreed; was
an omen of brilliant success; and the highest distinction seemed
prophesied to Vespasian in early youth。 At first; however; the honours
of a triumph; his consulate; and the glory of his victories in Judaea;
appeared to have justified the truth of the omen。 When he had won
these distinctions; he began to believe that it portended the Imperial
power。 Between Judaea and Syria is Mount Carmel; this is the name both
of the mountain and the Deity。 They have no image of the god nor any
temple; the tradition of antiquity recognises only an altar and its
sacred association。 While Vespasian was there offering sacrifice and
pondering his secret hopes; Basilides the priest; after repeated
inspections of the entrails; said to him; 〃Whatever be your
purposes; Vespasian; whether you think of building a house; of
enlarging your estate; or augmenting the number of your slaves;
there is given you a vast habitation; boundless territory; a multitude
of men。〃 These obscure intimations popular rumour had at once caught
up; and now began to interpret。 Nothing was more talked about by the
common people。 In Vespasian's presence the topic was more frequently
discussed; because to the aspirant himself men have more to say。
With purposes no longer doubtful they parted; Mucianus for
Antioch; Vespasian for Caesarea。 These cities are the capitals of
Syria and Judaea respectively。 The initiative in transferring the
Empire to Vespasian was taken at Alexandria under the prompt direction
of Tiberius Al