histories-第40章
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defeat of their comrades; were preparing for battle; and would soon be
coming up。 This alarm opened the ears that had before been deaf to
their general's advice。 The 13th legion was ordered to take up its
position on the raised causeway of the Via Postumia; supported on
the left by the 7th (Galba's) which was posted in the plain; next came
the 7th (Claudius'); defended in front by a field…ditch; such being
the character of the ground。 On the right was the 8th legion; drawn up
in an open space; and then the 3rd; whose ranks were divided by some
thick brushwood。 Such was the arrangement of the eagles and the
standards。 The soldiers were mingled in the darkness as accident had
determined。 The Praetorian colours were close to the 3rd legion; the
auxiliary infantry were stationed on the wings; the cavalry covered
the flanks and the rear。 Sido and Italicus; the Suevian chieftains;
with a picked body of their countrymen; manoeuvred in the van。
It would have been the best policy for the army of Vitellius to rest
at Cremona; and; with strength recruited by food and repose; to attack
and crush the next day an enemy exhausted by cold and hunger; but now;
wanting a leader; and having no settled plan; they came into collision
about nine o'clock at night with the Flavianist troops; who stood
ready; and in order of battle。 Respecting the disposition of the
Vitellianist army; disordered as it was by its fury and by the
darkness; I would not venture to speak positively。 Some; however; have
related; that on the right wing was the 4th legion (the Macedonian);
that the 5th and 15th; with the veterans of three British legions (the
9th; 2nd; and 20th); formed the centre; while the left wing was made
up of the 1st; the 16th; and the 22nd。 Men of the legions Rapax and
Italica were mingled with all the companies。 The cavalry and the
auxiliaries chose their position themselves。 Throughout the night
the battle raged in many forms; indecisive and fierce; destructive;
first to one side; then to the other。 Courage; strength; even the
eye with its keenest sight; were of no avail。 Both armies fought
with the same weapons; the watch…word; continually asked; became
known; the colours were confused together; as parties of combatants
snatched them from the enemy; and hurried them in this or that
direction。 The 7th legion; recently levied by Galba; was the hardest
pressed。 Six centurions of the first rank were killed; and some of the
standards taken; but the eagle was saved by Atilius Verus; the
centurion of the first company; who; after making a great slaughter
among the enemy; at last fell。
The line was supported; as it began to waver; by Antonius; who
brought up the Praetorians。 They took up the conflict; repulsed the
enemy; and were then themselves repulsed。 The troops of Vitellius
had collected their artillery on the raised causeway; where there
was a free and open space for the discharge of the missiles; which
at first had been scattered at random; and had struck against the
trees without injury to the enemy。 An engine of remarkable size;
belonging to the 15th legion; was crushing the hostile ranks with huge
stones; and would have spread destruction far and wide; had not two
soldiers ventured on a deed of surpassing bravery。 Disguising
themselves with shields snatched from the midst of the carnage; they
cut the ropes and springs of the engine。 They were instantly slain;
and their names have consequently been lost; but the fact is
undoubted。 Fortune favoured neither side; till at a late hour of the
night the moon rose and showed; but showed deceptively; both armies。
The light; however; shining from behind; favoured the Flavianists。
With them a lengthened shadow fell from men and horses; and the
enemy's missiles; incorrectly aimed at what seemed the substance; fell
short; while the Vitellianists; who had the light shining on their
faces; were unconsciously exposed to an enemy who were; so to speak;
concealed while they aimed。
As soon as Antonius could recognize his men and be recognized by
them; he sought to kindle their courage; striving to shame some with
his reproaches; stirring many with praise and encouragement; and all
with hopes and promises。 〃Why;〃 he demanded of the legions of
Pannonia; 〃have you again taken up arms? Yonder is the field where you
may wipe out the stain of past disgrace; and redeem your honour。〃 Then
turning to the troops of Moesia; he appealed to them as the authors
and originators of the war。 〃Idly;〃 he said 〃have you challenged the
Vitellianists with threatening words; if you cannot abide their attack
or even their looks。〃 So he spoke to each as he approached them。 The
third legion he addressed at greater length; reminding them of old and
recent achievements; how under Marcus Antonius they had defeated the
Parthians; under Corbulo the Armenians; and had lately discomfited the
Sarmatians。 Then angrily turning to the Praetorians; 〃Clowns;〃 said
he; 〃unless you are victorious; what other general; what other camp
will receive you? There are your colours and your arms; defeat is
death; for disgrace you have exhausted。〃 A shout was raised on all
sides; and the soldiers of the third legion saluted; as is the
custom in Syria; the rising sun。
A vague rumour thus arose; or was intentionally suggested by the
general; that Mucianus had arrived; and that the two armies had
exchanged salutations。 The men then charged as confidently as if
they had been strengthened by fresh reinforcements; while the
enemy's array was now less compact; for; as there was no one to
command; it was now contracted; now extended; as the courage or fear
of individual soldiers might prompt。 Antonius; seeing that they gave
way; charged them with a heavy column; the loose ranks were at once
broken; and; entangled as they were among their wagons and
artillery; could not be re…formed。 The conquerors; in the eagerness of
pursuit; dispersed themselves over the entire line of road。 The
slaughter that followed was made particularly memorable through the
murder of a father by his son。 I will record the incident with the
names; on the authority of Vipstanus Messalla。 Julius Mansuetus; a
Spaniard; enlisting in the legion Rapax; had left at home a son of
tender age。 The lad grew up to manhood; and was enrolled by Galba in
the 7th legion。 Now chancing to meet his father; he brought him to the
ground with a wound; and; as he rifled his dying foe; recognized
him; and was himself recognized。 Clasping the expiring man in his
arms; in piteous accents he implored the spirit of his father to be
propitious to him; and not to turn from him with loathing as from a
parricide。 〃This guilt;〃 he said; 〃is shared by all; how small a
part of a civil war is a single soldier!〃 With these words he raised
the body; opened a grave; and discharged the last duties for his
father。 This was noticed by those who were on the spot; then by many
others; astonishment and indignation ran through the whole army; and
they cursed this most horrible war。 Yet as eagerly as ever they
stripped the bodies of slaughtered kinsfolk; connexions; and brothers。
They talk of an impious act having been done; and they do it
themselves。
When they reached Cremona a fresh work of vast difficulty
presented itself。 During the war with Otho the legions of Germany
had formed their camp round the walls of the city; round this camp had
drawn an entrenchment; and had again strengthened these defences。 At
this sight the victorious army hesitated; while the generals doubted
what orders they should give。 To attempt an assault with troops
exhausted by the toil of a day and a night would be difficult; and
with no proper reserves might be perilous。 Should they return to