the writings-5-第76章

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judgments　final　may　not　properly　be　given　to　the　court；　reserving　the

right　of　appeal　on　questions　of　law　to　the　Supreme　Court；　with　such

other　provisions　as　experience　may　have　shown　to　be　necessary。



I　ask　attention　to　the　report　of　the　Postmaster　general；　the

following　being　a　summary　statement　of　the　condition　of　the

department：



The　revenue　from　all　sources　during　the　fiscal　year　ending　June　30；

1861；　including　the　annual　permanent　appropriation　of　700；000　for

the　transportation　of　〃free　mail　matter；〃　was　9；049；296。40；　being

about　2　per　cent。　less　than　the　revenue　for　1860。



The　expenditures　were　13；606；759。11；　showing　a　decrease　of　more　than

8　per　cent。　as　compared　with　those　of　the　previous　year　and　leaving

an　excess　of　expenditure　over　the　revenue　for　the　last　fiscal　year

of　4；557；462。71。



The　gross　revenue　for　the　year　ending　June　30；　1863；　is　estimated　at

an　increase　of　4　per　cent。　on　that　of　1861；　making　8；683；000；　to

which　should　be　added　the　earnings　of　the　department　in　carrying　free

matter；　viz。；　700；000；　making　9；383；000。



The　total　expenditures　for　1863　are　estimated　at　12；528；000；　leaving

an　estimated　deficiency　of　3；145；000　to　be　supplied　from　the

treasury　in　addition　to　the　permanent　appropriation。



The　present　insurrection　shows；　I　think；　that　the　extension　of　this

District　across　the　Potomac　River　at　the　time　of　establishing　the

capital　here　was　eminently　wise；　and　consequently　that　the

relinquishment　of　that　portion　of　it　which　lies　within　the　State　of

Virginia　was　unwise　and　dangerous。　　I　submit　for　your　consideration

the　expediency　of　regaining　that　part　of　the　District　and　the

restoration　of　the　original　boundaries　thereof　through　negotiations

with　the　State　of　Virginia。



The　report　of　the　Secretary　of　the　Interior；　with　the　accompanying

documents；　exhibits　the　condition　of　the　several　branches　of　the

public　business　pertaining　to　that　department。　　　The　depressing

influences　of　the　insurrection　have　been　specially　felt　in　the

operations　of　the　Patent　and　General　Land　Offices。　　The　cash　receipts

from　the　sales　of　public　lands　during　the　past　year　have　exceeded　the

expenses　of　our　land　system　only　about　200；000。　　The　sales　have　been

entirely　suspended　in　the　Southern　States；　while　the　interruptions　to

the　business　of　the　country　and　the　diversion　of　large　numbers　of　men

from　labor　to　military　service　have　obstructed　settlements　in　the　new

States　and　Territories　of　the　Northwest。



The　receipts　of　the　Patent　Office　have　declined　in　nine　months　about

100；000。00　rendering　a　large　reduction　of　the　force　employed

necessary　to　make　it　self…sustaining。



The　demands　upon　the　Pension　Office　will　be　largely　increased　by　the

insurrection。　　　Numerous　applications　for　pensions；　based　upon　the

casualties　of　the　existing　war；　have　already　been　made。　　There　is

reason　to　believe　that　many　who　are　now　upon　the　pension　rolls　and　in

receipt　of　the　bounty　of　the　government　are　in　the　ranks　of　the

insurgent　army　or　giving　them　aid　and　comfort。　　The　Secretary　of　the

Interior　has　directed　a　suspension　of　the　payment　of　the　pensions　of

such　persons　upon　proof　of　their　disloyalty。　　I　recommend　that

Congress　authorize　that　officer　to　cause　the　names　of　such　persons　to

be　stricken　from　the　pension　rolls。



The　relations　of　the　government　with　the　Indian　tribes　have　been

greatly　disturbed　by　the　insurrection；　especially　in　the　southern

superintendency　and　in　that　of　New　Mexico。　　The　Indian　country　south

of　Kansas　is　in　the　possession　of　insurgents　from　Texas　and　Arkansas。

The　agents　of　the　United　States　appointed　since　the　4th　of　March　for

this　superintendency　have　been　unable　to　reach　their　posts；　while　the

most　of　those　who　were　in　office　before　that　time　have　espoused　the

insurrectionary　cause；　and　assume　to　exercise　the　powers　of　agents　by

virtue　of　commissions　from　the　insurrectionists。　　It　has　been　stated

in　the　public　press　that　a　portion　of　those　Indians　have　been

organized　as　a　military　force　and　are　attached　to　the　army　of　the

insurgents。　　Although　the　government　has　no　official　information　upon

this　subject；　letters　have　been　written　to　the　Commissioner　of　Indian

Affairs　by　several　prominent　chiefs　giving　assurance　of　their　loyalty

to　the　United　States　and　expressing　a　wish　for　the　presence　of

Federal　troops　to　protect　them。　　It　is　believed　that　upon　the

repossession　of　the　country　by　the　Federal　forces　the　Indians　will

readily　cease　all　hostile　demonstrations　and　resume　their　former

relations　to　the　government。



Agriculture；　confessedly　the　largest　interest　of　the　nation；　has　not

a　department　nor　a　bureau；　but　a　clerkship　only；　assigned　to　it　in

the　government。　　While　it　is　fortunate　that　this　great　interest　is　so

independent　in　its　nature　as　not　to　have　demanded　and　extorted　more

from　the　government；　I　respectfully　ask　Congress　to　consider　whether

something　more　cannot　be　given　voluntarily　with　general　advantage。



Annual　reports　exhibiting　the　condition　of　our　agriculture；　commerce；

and　manufactures　would　present　a　fund　of　information　of　great

practical　value　to　the　country。　　While　I　make　no　suggestion　as　to

details；　I　venture　the　opinion　that　an　agricultural　and　statistical

bureau　might　profitably　be　organized。



The　execution　of　the　laws　for　the　suppression　of　　the　African　slave

trade　has　been　confided　to　the　Department　of　the　Interior。　　　It　is　a

subject　of　gratulation　that　the　efforts　which　have　been　made　for　the

suppression　of　this　inhuman　traffic　have　been　recently　attended　with

unusual　success。　　Five　vessels　being　fitted　out　for　the　slave　trade

have　been　seized　and　condemned。　　Two　mates　of　vessels　engaged　in　the

trade　and　one　person　in　equipping　a　vessel　as　a　slaver　have　been

convicted　and　subjected　to　the　penalty　of　fine　and　imprisonment；　and

one　captain；　taken　with　a　cargo　of　Africans　on　board　his　vessel；　has

been　convicted　of　the　highest　grade　of　offense　under　our　laws；　the

punishment　of　which　is　death。



The　Territories　of　Colorado；　Dakota；　and　Nevada；　created　by　the　last

Congress；　have　been　organized；　and　civil　administration　has　been

inaugurated　therein　under　auspices　especially　gratifying　when　it　is

considered　that　the　leaven　of　treason　was　found　existing　in　some　of

these　new　countries　when　the　Federal　officers　arrived　there。



The　abundant　natural　resources　of　these　Territories；　with　the

security　and　protection　afforded　by　organized　government；　will

doubtless　invite　to　them　a　large　immigration　when　peace　shall　restore

the　business　of　the　country　to　its　accustomed　channels。　　I　submit　the

resolutions　of　the　Legislature　of　Colorado；　which　evidence　the

patriotic　spirit　of　the　people　of　the　Territory。　　So　far　the

authority　of　the　United　States　has　been　upheld　in　all　the

Territories；　as　it　is　hoped　it　will　be　in　the　future。　　I　commend

their　interests　and　defense　to　the　enlightened　and　generous　care　of

Congress。



I　recommend　to　the　favorable　consideration　of　Congress　the　interests

of　the　District　of　Columbia。　　The　insurrection　has　been　the　cause　of

much　suffering　and　sacrifice　to　its　inhabitants；　and　as　they　have　no

representative　in　Congress　that　body　should　not　overlook　their　just

claims　upon　the　government。



At　your　late　session　a　joint　resolution　was　adopted　authorizing　the

President　to　take　measures　for　facilitating　a　proper　representation

of　the　industrial　interests　of　the　United　States　at　the　exhibition　of

the　industry　of　all　nations　to　be　holden　at　London　in　the　year　1862。

I　regret　to　say　I　have　been　unable　to　give　personal　attention　to　this

subjecta　subject　at　once　so　interesting　in　itself　and　so

extensively　and　intimately　connected　with　the　material　prosperity　of

the　world。　　Through　the　Secretaries　of　State　and　of　the　Interior　a

plan　or　system　has　been　devised　and　partly　matured；　and　which　will　be

laid　before　you。



Under　and　by　virtue　of　the　act　of　Congress　entitled　〃An　act　to

conf