memoirs of general william t. sherman-1-第68章
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uld be simply impassable。 There was no alternative but to regain our boats； and even this was so difficult； that we had to unharness the artillery…horses； and drag the guns under water through the bayous； to reach the bank of the river。 Once more embarked； I concluded to drop down to Pittsburg Landing； and to make the attempt from there。 During the night of the 14th； we dropped down to Pittsburg Landing； where I found Hurlbut's division in boats。 Leaving my command there； I steamed down to Savannah； and reported to General Smith in person； who saw in the flooded Tennessee the full truth of my report； and he then instructed me to disembark my own division； and that of General Hurlbut； at Pittsburg Landing； to take positions well back； and to leave room for his whole army； telling me that he would soon come up in person； and move out in force to make the lodgment on the railroad； contemplated by General Halleck's orders。
Lieutenant…Colonel McPherson； of General C。 F。 Smith's； or rather General Halleck's； staff； returned with me； and on the 16th of March we disembarked and marched out about ten miles toward Corinth； to a place called Monterey or Pea Ridge； where the rebels had a cavalry regiment； which of course decamped on our approach； but from the people we learned that trains were bringing large masses of men from every direction into Corinth。 McPherson and I reconnoitred the ground well； and then returned to our boats。 On the 18th； Hurlbut disembarked his division and took post about a mile and a half out； near where the roads branched； one leading to Corinth and the other toward Hamburg。 On the 19th I disembarked my division； and took post about three miles back； three of the brigades covering the roads to Purdy and Corinth； and the other brigade （Stuart's） temporarily at a place on the Hamburg Road； near Lick Creek Ford； where the Bark Road came into the Hamburg Road。 Within a few days； Prentiss's division arrived and camped on my left； and afterward McClernand's and W。 H。 L。 Wallace's divisions； which formed a line to our rear。 Lew Wallace's division remained on the north side of Snake Creek； on a road leading from Savannah or Cramp's Landing to Purdy。
General C。 F。 Smith remained back at Savannah； in chief command； and I was only responsible for my own division。 I kept pickets well out on the roads； and made myself familiar with all the ground inside and outside my lines。 My personal staff was composed of Captain J。 H。 Hammond； assistant adjutant…general； Surgeons Hartshorn and L'Hommedieu； Lieutenant Colonels Hascall and Sanger； inspector…generals； Lieutenants McCoy and John Taylor； aides…de…camp。 We were all conscious that the enemy was collecting at Corinth； but in what force we could not know； nor did we know what was going on behind us。 On the 17th of March； General U。 S。 Grant was restored to the command of all the troops up the Tennessee River； by reason of General Smith's extreme illness； and because he had explained to General Halleck satisfactorily his conduct after Donelson； and he too made his headquarters at Savannah； but frequently visited our camps。 I always acted on the supposition that we were an invading army； that our purpose was to move forward in force； make a lodgment on the Memphis & Charleston road； and thus repeat the grand tactics of Fort Donelson； by separating the rebels in the interior from those at Memphis and on the Mississippi River。 We did not fortify our camps against an attack； because we had no orders to do so； and because such a course would have made our raw men timid。 The position was naturally strong； with Snake Creek on our right； a deep； bold stream； with a confluent （Owl Creek） to our right front； and Lick Creek； with a similar confluent； on our left； thus narrowing the space over which we could be attacked to about a mile and a half or two miles。
At a later period of the war； we could have rendered this position impregnable in one night； but at this time we did not do it； and it may be it is well we did not。 From about the 1st of April we were conscious that the rebel cavalry in our front was getting bolder and more saucy； and on Friday； the 4th of April； it dashed down and carried off one of our picket…guards； composed of an officer and seven men； posted a couple of miles out on the Corinth road。 Colonel Buckland sent a company to its relief； then followed himself with a regiment； and； fearing lest he might be worsted； I called out his whole brigade and followed some four or five miles； when the cavalry in advance encountered artillery。 I then； after dark； drew back to our lines； and reported the fact by letter to General Grant； at Savannah； but thus far we had not positively detected the presence of infantry； for cavalry regiments generally had a couple of guns along； and I supposed the guns that opened on the on the evening of Friday； April 4th； belonged to the cavalry that was hovering along our whole front。
Saturday passed in our camps without any unusual event； the weather being wet and mild； and the roads back to the steamboat landing being heavy with mud； but on Sunday morning； the 6th； early； there was a good deal of picket…firing； and I got breakfast； rode out along my lines； and； about four hundred yards to the front of Appler's regiment； received from some bushes in a ravine to the left front a volley which killed my orderly； Holliday。 About the same time I saw the rebel lines of battle in front coming down on us as far as the eye could reach。 All my troops were in line of battle； ready； and the ground was favorable to us。 I gave the necessary orders to the battery （Waterhouse's） attached to Hildebrand's brigade； and cautioned the men to reserve their fire till the rebels had crossed the ravine of Owl Creek； and had begun the ascent； also； sent staff…officers to notify Generals McClernand and Prentiss of the coming blow。 Indeed； McClernand had already sent three regiments to the support of my left flank； and they were in position when the onset came。
In a few minutes the battle of 〃Shiloh〃 began with extreme fury； and lasted two days。 Its history has been well given； and it has been made the subject of a great deal of controversy。 Hildebrand's brigade was soon knocked to pieces； but Buckland's and McDowell's kept their organization throughout。 Stuart's was driven back to the river； and did not join me in person till the second day of the battle。 I think my several reports of that battle are condensed and good； made on the spot； when all the names and facts were fresh in my memory； and are herewith given entire：
HEADQUARTERS FIRST DIVISION PITTSBURG LANDING； March 17； 1862
Captain Wm。 McMICHAEL； Assistant Adjutant…General to General C。 F SMITH； Savannah； Tennessee。
SIR： Last night I dispatched a party of cavalry； at 6 p。m。； under the command of Lieutenant…Colonel Heath； Fifth Ohio Cavalry； for a strong reconnoissance； if possible； to be converted into an attack upon the Memphis road。 The command got off punctually； followed at twelve o'clock at night by the First Brigade of my division； commanded by Colonel McDowell； the other brigades to follow in order。
About one at night the cavalry returned； reporting the road occupied in force by the enemy； with whose advance…guard they skirmished； driving them backabout a mile； taking two prisoners； and having their chief guide； Thomas Maxwell； Esq。； and three men of the Fourth Illinois wounded。
Inclosed please find the report of Lieutenant…Colonel Heath； also a copy of his instructions； and tile order of march。 As soon as the cavalry returned； I saw that an attempt on the road was frustrated； and accordingly have placed McDowell's brigade to our right front； guarding the pass of Snake Creek； Stuart's brigade to the left front； to watch the pass of Lick Creek； and I shall this morning move directly out on the Corinth road； about eight miles to or toward Pea Ridge； which is a key…point to the southwest。
General Hurlbut's division will be landed to…day； and the artillery and infantry disposed so as to defend Pittsburg； leaving my division entire for any movement by land or water。
As near as I can learn； there are five regiments of rebel infantry at Purdy； at Corinth； and dis
