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early kings of norway(硬轍璃議忽藍)-及17嫗

弌傍�� early kings of norway(硬轍璃議忽藍) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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the    Skalds     say�察  �in   a   distinguished      manner�察     �making      victorious     and 

handsome battle for himself�察�in entering Maelare Lake�察�and in getting out 

of    it  again�察  �after   being     frozen    there   all   winter�察  �showing      still  more 

surprising�察�almost miraculous contrivance and dexterity。 This was the first 

of his glorious victories�察�of which the Skalds reckon up some fourteen or 

thirteen     very    glorious     indeed�察   �mostly     in   the   Western     and    Southern 

countries�察�most of all in England�察�till the name of Olaf Haraldson became 

quite famous in the Viking and strategic world。 He seems really to have 

learned the secrets of his trade�察�and to have been�察�then and afterwards�察�for 

vigilance�察  �contrivance�察  �valor�察  �and   promptitude   of   execution�察  �a   superior 

fighter。 Several exploits recorded of him betoken�察�in simple forms�察�what 

may be called a military genius。 

     The principal�察�and to us the alone interesting�察�of his exploits seem to 

have   lain   in   England�察  �and�察  �what   is   further   notable�察  �always   on   the   anti´ 

Svein side。 English books do not mention him at all that I can find�察�but it 



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is fairly credible that�察�as the Norse records report�察�in the end of Ethelred's 

reign�察�he was the ally or hired general of Ethelred�察�and did a great deal of 

sea´fighting�察  �watching�察  �sailing�察  �and   sieging   for   this   miserable   king   and 

Edmund Ironside�察�his son。 Snorro says expressly�察�London�察�the impregnable 

city�察  �had   to   be  besieged     again    for  Ethelred's    behoof    ��in   the  interval 

between Svein's death and young Knut's getting back from Denmark���察�and 

that   our   Olaf   Haraldson   was   the   great   engineer  and   victorious   captor   of 

London on that singular occasion��London captured for the first time。 The 

Bridge�察  �as   usual�察  �Snorro   says�察  �offered   almost   insuperable   obstacles。   But 

the engineering genius of Olaf contrived huge ;platforms of wainscoting 

��old walls of wooden houses�察�in fact�В察�bound together by withes�察─�these�察�

carried    steadily    aloft  above    the   ships�察  �will  ��thinks    Olaf��   considerably 

secure them and us from the destructive missiles�察�big boulder stones�察�and 

other�察  �mischief   profusely   showered   down   on   us�察  �till   we   get   under   the 

Bridge with axes and cables�察�and do some good upon it。 Olaf's plan was 

tried�察  �most   of   the   other   ships�察  �in   spite   of   their   wainscoting   and   withes�察�

recoiled on reaching the Bridge�察�so destructive were the boulder and other 

missile showers。 But Olaf's ships and self got actually under the Bridge�察�

fixed all manner of cables there�察�and then�察�with the river current in their 

favor�察  �and   the   frightened   ships   rallying   to   help   in   this   safer   part   of   the 

enterprise�察�tore out the important piles and props�察�and fairly broke the poor 

Bridge�察�wholly or partly�察�down into the river�察�and its Danish defenders into 

immediate surrender。 That is Snorro's account。 

     On a previous occasion�察�Olaf had been deep in a hopeful combination 

with   Ethelred's   two   younger   sons�察 �Alfred   and   Edward�察  �afterwards   King 

Edward the Confessor�此�That they two should sally out from Normandy in 

strong   force�察  �unite   with   Olaf   in   ditto�察  �and�察  �landing   on   the   Thames�察  �do 

something effectual for themselves。 But impediments�察�bad weather or the 

like�察�disheartened the poor Princes�察�and it came to nothing。 Olaf was much 

in Normandy�察�what they then called Walland�察�a man held in honor by those 

Norman Dukes。 

     What amount of ;property; he had amassed I do not know�察�but could 

prove�察    �were   it  necessary�察   �that  he   had   acquired     some    tactical   or  even 

strategic faculty and real talent for war。 At Lymfjord�察�in Jutland�察�but some 



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years   after    this   ��A。D。    1027���察  �he   had    a  sea´battle   with    the   great   Knut 

himself��ships combined with flood´gates�察�with roaring�察�artificial deluges�察�

right well managed by King Olaf�察�which were within a hair's´breadth of 

destroying   Knut�察  �now   become   a   King   and   Great�察  �and   did   in   effect   send 

him instantly running。 But of this more particularly by and by。 

     What      still  more    surprises    me    is  the   mystery�察    �where    Olaf�察   �in  this 

wandering�察�fighting�察�sea´roving life�察�acquired his deeply religious feeling�察�

his   intense   adherence   to   the   Christian   Faith。   I   suppose   it   had   been   in 

England�察  �where   many   pious   persons�察  �priestly   and   other�察  �were   still   to   be 

met   with�察  �that   Olaf   had   gathered   these   doctrines�察  �and   that   in   those   his 

unfathomable   dialogues   with   the   ever´moaning   Ocean�察  �they   had   struck 

root downwards in the soul of him�察�and borne fruit upwards to the degree 

so   conspicuous   afterwards。   It   is   certain   he   became   a   deeply   pious   man 

during     these    long   Viking     cruises�察   �and   directed    all  his   strength�察   �when 

strength and authority were lent him�察�to establishing the Christian religion 

in   his   country�察  �and   suppressing   and   abolishing   Vikingism   there�察  �both   of 

which objects�察�and their respective worth and unworth�察�he�察�must himself 

have long known so well。 

     It   was   well   on   in   A。D。   1016   that   Knut   gained   his   last   victory�察  �at 

Ashdon�察�in Essex�察�where the earth pyramids and antique church near by 

still   testify   the   thankful   piety   of   Knut��or�察  �at   lowest   his   joy   at   having 

_won_ instead of lost and perished�察�as he was near doing there。 And it was 

still   this   same     year   when      the   noble    Edmund       Ironside�察    �after   forced 

partition´treaty   ;in   the   Isle   of   Alney�察─  �got   scandalously   murdered�察  �and 

Knut   became   indisputable   sole   King   of   England�察  �and   decisively   settled 

himself to his work of governing there。 In the year before either of which 

events�察  �while      all   still  hung  uncertain     for   Knut�察  �and    even    Eric   Jarl  of 

Norway   had   to   be   summoned   in   aid   of   him�察  �in   that   year   1015�察  �as   one 

might naturally guess and as all Icelandic hints and indications lead us to 

date the thing�察�Olaf had decided to give up Vikingism in all its forms�察�to 

return to Norway�察�and try whether he could not assert the place and career 

that belonged to him there。 Jarl Eric had vanished with all his war forces 

towards England�察�leaving only a boy�察�Hakon�察�as successor�察�and Svein�察�his 

own brother��a quiet man�察�who had always avoided war。 Olaf landed in 



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Norway   without   obstacle�察  �but   decided           to  be   quiet   till   he   had  himself 

examined and consulted friends。 

     His reception by his mother Aasta was of the kindest and proudest�察�and 

is lovingly described by Snorro。 A pretty idyllic�察�or epic piece�察�of _Norse_ 

Homeric type�此�How Aasta�察�hearing of her son's advent�察�set all her maids 

and menials to work at the top of their speed�察�despatched a runner to the 

harvest´field�察�where her husband Sigurd was�察�to warn him to come home 

and dress。 How Sigurd was standing among his harvest folk�察�reapers and 

binders�察  �and   what   he   had   on��broad   slouch   hat�察  �with   veil   ��against   the 

midges���察�blue kirtle�察�hose of I forget what color�察�with laced boots�察�and in 

his hand a stick with silver head and ditto ring upon it��a personable old 

gentleman�察  �of   the   eleventh   century�察  �in   those   

卦指朕村 貧匯匈 和匯匈 指欺競何 壘��1�� 家��2��

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