early kings of norway(硬轍璃議忽藍)-及17嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
the Skalds say�察 �in a distinguished manner�察 �making victorious and
handsome battle for himself�察�in entering Maelare Lake�察�and in getting out
of it again�察 �after being frozen there all winter�察 �showing still more
surprising�察�almost miraculous contrivance and dexterity。 This was the first
of his glorious victories�察�of which the Skalds reckon up some fourteen or
thirteen very glorious indeed�察 �mostly in the Western and Southern
countries�察�most of all in England�察�till the name of Olaf Haraldson became
quite famous in the Viking and strategic world。 He seems really to have
learned the secrets of his trade�察�and to have been�察�then and afterwards�察�for
vigilance�察 �contrivance�察 �valor�察 �and promptitude of execution�察 �a superior
fighter。 Several exploits recorded of him betoken�察�in simple forms�察�what
may be called a military genius。
The principal�察�and to us the alone interesting�察�of his exploits seem to
have lain in England�察 �and�察 �what is further notable�察 �always on the anti´
Svein side。 English books do not mention him at all that I can find�察�but it
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is fairly credible that�察�as the Norse records report�察�in the end of Ethelred's
reign�察�he was the ally or hired general of Ethelred�察�and did a great deal of
sea´fighting�察 �watching�察 �sailing�察 �and sieging for this miserable king and
Edmund Ironside�察�his son。 Snorro says expressly�察�London�察�the impregnable
city�察 �had to be besieged again for Ethelred's behoof ��in the interval
between Svein's death and young Knut's getting back from Denmark���察�and
that our Olaf Haraldson was the great engineer and victorious captor of
London on that singular occasion��London captured for the first time。 The
Bridge�察 �as usual�察 �Snorro says�察 �offered almost insuperable obstacles。 But
the engineering genius of Olaf contrived huge ;platforms of wainscoting
��old walls of wooden houses�察�in fact�В察�bound together by withes�察─�these�察�
carried steadily aloft above the ships�察 �will ��thinks Olaf�� considerably
secure them and us from the destructive missiles�察�big boulder stones�察�and
other�察 �mischief profusely showered down on us�察 �till we get under the
Bridge with axes and cables�察�and do some good upon it。 Olaf's plan was
tried�察 �most of the other ships�察 �in spite of their wainscoting and withes�察�
recoiled on reaching the Bridge�察�so destructive were the boulder and other
missile showers。 But Olaf's ships and self got actually under the Bridge�察�
fixed all manner of cables there�察�and then�察�with the river current in their
favor�察 �and the frightened ships rallying to help in this safer part of the
enterprise�察�tore out the important piles and props�察�and fairly broke the poor
Bridge�察�wholly or partly�察�down into the river�察�and its Danish defenders into
immediate surrender。 That is Snorro's account。
On a previous occasion�察�Olaf had been deep in a hopeful combination
with Ethelred's two younger sons�察 �Alfred and Edward�察 �afterwards King
Edward the Confessor�此�That they two should sally out from Normandy in
strong force�察 �unite with Olaf in ditto�察 �and�察 �landing on the Thames�察 �do
something effectual for themselves。 But impediments�察�bad weather or the
like�察�disheartened the poor Princes�察�and it came to nothing。 Olaf was much
in Normandy�察�what they then called Walland�察�a man held in honor by those
Norman Dukes。
What amount of ;property; he had amassed I do not know�察�but could
prove�察 �were it necessary�察 �that he had acquired some tactical or even
strategic faculty and real talent for war。 At Lymfjord�察�in Jutland�察�but some
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years after this ��A。D。 1027���察 �he had a sea´battle with the great Knut
himself��ships combined with flood´gates�察�with roaring�察�artificial deluges�察�
right well managed by King Olaf�察�which were within a hair's´breadth of
destroying Knut�察 �now become a King and Great�察 �and did in effect send
him instantly running。 But of this more particularly by and by。
What still more surprises me is the mystery�察 �where Olaf�察 �in this
wandering�察�fighting�察�sea´roving life�察�acquired his deeply religious feeling�察�
his intense adherence to the Christian Faith。 I suppose it had been in
England�察 �where many pious persons�察 �priestly and other�察 �were still to be
met with�察 �that Olaf had gathered these doctrines�察 �and that in those his
unfathomable dialogues with the ever´moaning Ocean�察 �they had struck
root downwards in the soul of him�察�and borne fruit upwards to the degree
so conspicuous afterwards。 It is certain he became a deeply pious man
during these long Viking cruises�察 �and directed all his strength�察 �when
strength and authority were lent him�察�to establishing the Christian religion
in his country�察 �and suppressing and abolishing Vikingism there�察 �both of
which objects�察�and their respective worth and unworth�察�he�察�must himself
have long known so well。
It was well on in A。D。 1016 that Knut gained his last victory�察 �at
Ashdon�察�in Essex�察�where the earth pyramids and antique church near by
still testify the thankful piety of Knut��or�察 �at lowest his joy at having
_won_ instead of lost and perished�察�as he was near doing there。 And it was
still this same year when the noble Edmund Ironside�察 �after forced
partition´treaty ;in the Isle of Alney�察─ �got scandalously murdered�察 �and
Knut became indisputable sole King of England�察 �and decisively settled
himself to his work of governing there。 In the year before either of which
events�察 �while all still hung uncertain for Knut�察 �and even Eric Jarl of
Norway had to be summoned in aid of him�察 �in that year 1015�察 �as one
might naturally guess and as all Icelandic hints and indications lead us to
date the thing�察�Olaf had decided to give up Vikingism in all its forms�察�to
return to Norway�察�and try whether he could not assert the place and career
that belonged to him there。 Jarl Eric had vanished with all his war forces
towards England�察�leaving only a boy�察�Hakon�察�as successor�察�and Svein�察�his
own brother��a quiet man�察�who had always avoided war。 Olaf landed in
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Norway without obstacle�察 �but decided to be quiet till he had himself
examined and consulted friends。
His reception by his mother Aasta was of the kindest and proudest�察�and
is lovingly described by Snorro。 A pretty idyllic�察�or epic piece�察�of _Norse_
Homeric type�此�How Aasta�察�hearing of her son's advent�察�set all her maids
and menials to work at the top of their speed�察�despatched a runner to the
harvest´field�察�where her husband Sigurd was�察�to warn him to come home
and dress。 How Sigurd was standing among his harvest folk�察�reapers and
binders�察 �and what he had on��broad slouch hat�察 �with veil ��against the
midges���察�blue kirtle�察�hose of I forget what color�察�with laced boots�察�and in
his hand a stick with silver head and ditto ring upon it��a personable old
gentleman�察 �of the eleventh century�察 �in those