theologico-political treatise p4(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢4)-及24嫗
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For certainly a man is free�察�in so far as he is led by reason。 ��4�� Now reason
��though Hobbes thinks otherwise�� is always on the side of peace�察 �which
cannot be attained unless the general laws of the state be respected。 ��5��
Therefore the more he is free�察�the more constantly will he respect the laws
of his country�察�and obey the commands of the sovereign power to which
he is subject。
��Endnote 28�А� ��1�� ;No one knows by nature that he owes any
obedience to God。; ��2�� When Paul says that men have in themselves no
refuge�察�he speaks as a man�此�for in the ninth chapter of the same epistle he
expressly teaches that God has mercy on whom He will�察�and that men are
without excuse�察 �only because they are in God's power like clay in the
hands of a potter�察 �who out of the same lump makes vessels�察 �some for
honour and some for dishonour�察�not because they have been forewarned。
��3�� As regards the Divine natural law whereof the chief commandment is�察�
as we have said�察�to love God�察�I have called it a law in the same sense�察�as
philosophers style laws those general rules of nature�察�according to which
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everything happens。 ��4�� For the love of God is not a state of obedience�此�it
is a virtue which necessarily exists in a man who knows God rightly。 ��5��
Obedience has regard to the will of a ruler�察�not to necessity and truth。 ��6��
Now as we are ignorant of the nature of God's will�察�and on the other hand
know that everything happens solely by God's power�察�we cannot�察�except
through revelation�察�know whether God wishes in any way to be honoured
as a sovereign。
��7�� Again�察 �we have shown that the Divine rights appear to us in the
light of rights or commands�察�only so long as we are ignorant of their cause�此�
as soon as their cause is known�察�they cease to be rights�察�and we embrace
them no longer as rights but as eternal truths�察�in other words�察�obedience
passes into love of God�察 �which emanates from true knowledge as
necessarily as light emanates from the sun。 ��8�� Reason then leads us to
love God�察 �but cannot lead us to obey Him�察 �for we cannot embrace the
commands of God as Divine�察 �while we are in ignorance of their cause�察�
neither can we rationally conceive God as a sovereign laying down laws as
a sovereign。
Chapter XVII。
��Endnote 29�А� ��1�� ;If men could lose their natural rights so as to be
absolutely unable for the future to oppose the will of the sovereign; ��2��
Two common soldiers undertook to change the Roman dominion�察�and did
change it。 ��Tacitus�察�Hist。 i��7。��
��Endnote 30�А� ��1�� See Numbers xi。 28。 In this passage it is written that
two men prophesied in the camp�察�and that Joshua wished to punish them。
��2�� This he would not have done�察 �if it had been lawful for anyone to
deliver the Divine oracles to the people without the consent of Moses。 ��3��
But Moses thought good to pardon the two men�察�and rebuked Joshua for
exhorting him to use his royal prerogative�察�at a time when he was so weary
of reigning�察 �that he preferred death to holding undivided sway ��Numb。
xi��14��。 ��4�� For he made answer to Joshua�察 �Enviest thou for my sake�拭。�5��
Would God that all the Lord's people were prophets�察 �and that the Lord
would put His spirit upon them。; ��6�� That is to say�察 �would God that the
right of taking counsel of God were general�察 �and the power were in the
hands of the people。 ��7�� Thus Joshua was not mistaken as to the right�察�but
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only as to the time for using it�察�for which he was rebuked by Moses�察�in the
same way as Abishai was rebuked by David for counselling that Shimei�察�
who had undoubtedly been guilty of treason�察�should be put to death。 ��8��
See 2 Sam。 xix��22�察�23。
��Endnote 31�А� ��1�� See Numbers xxvii��21。 ��2�� The translators of the
Bible have rendered incorrectly verses 19 and 23 of this chapter。 ��3�� The
passage does not mean that Moses gave precepts or advice to Joshua�察�but
that he made or established him chief of the Hebrews。 ��4�� The phrase is
very freguent in Scripture ��see Exodus�察�xviii��23�察�1 Sam。 xiii��15�察�Joshua i��9�察�
1 Sam。 xxv��80��。
��Endnote 32�А。�1�� ;There was no judge over each of the captains save
God。; ��2�� The Rabbis and some Christians equally foolish pretend that the
Sanhedrin�察�called ;the great; was instituted by Moses。 ��3�� As a matter of
fact�察�Moses chose seventy colleagues to assist him in governing�察�because
he was not able to bear alone the burden of the whole people�察�but he never
passed any law for forming a college of seventy members�察�on the contrary
he ordered every tribe to appoint for itself�察 �in the cities which God had
given it�察�judges to settle disputes according to the laws which he himself
had laid down。 ��4�� In cases where the opinions of the judges differed as to
the interpretation of these laws�察�Moses bade them take counsel of the High
Priest ��who was the chief interpreter of the law���察�or of the chief judge�察�to
whom they were then subordinate ��who had the right of consulting the
High Priest���察 �and to decide the dispute in accordance with the answer
obtained。 ��5�� If any subordinate judge should assert�察�that he was not bound
by the decision of the High Priest�察�received either directly or through the
chief of his state�察�such an one was to be put to death ��Deut。 xvii��9�� by the
chief judge�察�whoever he might be�察�to whom he was a subordinate。 ��6�� This
chief judge would either be Joshua�察 �the supreme captain of the whole
people�察 �or one of the tribal chiefs who had been entrusted�察 �after the
division of the tribes�察 �with the right of consulting the high priest
concerning the affairs of his tribe�察 �of deciding on peace or war�察 �of
fortifying towns�察�of appointing inferior judges�察�&c。 ��7�� Or�察�again�察�it might
be the king�察�in whom all or some of the tribes had vested their rights。��8�� I
could cite many instances in confirmation of what I here advance。 ��9�� I
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will confine myself to one�察�which appears to me the most important of all。
��10�� When the Shilomitish prophet anointed Jeroboam king�察 �he�察 �in so
doing�察 �gave him the right of consulting the high priest�察 �of appointing
judges�察�&c。 ��11�� In fact he endowed him with all the rights over the ten
tribes�察�which Rehoboam retained over the two tribes。 ��12�� Consequently
Jeroboam could set up a supreme council in his court with as much right
as Jehoshaphat could at Jerusalem ��2 Chron。 xix��8��。 ��13�� For it is plain that
neither Jeroboam�察 �who was king by God's command�察 �nor Jeroboam's
subjects�察 �were bound by the Law of Moses to accept the judgments of
Rehoboam�察 �who was not their king。 ��14�� Still less were they under the
jurisdiction of the judge�察 �whom Rehoboam had set up in Jerusalem as
subordinate to himself。 ��15�� According�察�therefore�察�as the Hebrew dominion
was divided�察�so was a supreme council setup in each division。 ��16�� Those
who neglect the variations in the constitution of the Hebrew States