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For certainly a man is free�察�in so far as he is led by reason。 ��4�� Now reason 

��though Hobbes thinks otherwise�� is always on the side of peace�察 �which 

cannot   be   attained   unless   the   general   laws   of   the   state   be   respected。   ��5�� 

Therefore the more he is free�察�the more constantly will he respect the laws 

of his country�察�and obey the commands of the sovereign power to which 

he is subject。 

     ��Endnote     28�А�   ��1��  ;No    one   knows    by   nature   that  he   owes    any 

obedience to God。; ��2�� When Paul says that men have in themselves no 

refuge�察�he speaks as a man�此�for in the ninth chapter of the same epistle he 

expressly teaches that God has mercy on whom He will�察�and that men are 

without   excuse�察  �only   because   they   are   in   God's   power   like   clay   in   the 

hands   of   a   potter�察  �who   out   of   the   same   lump   makes   vessels�察  �some   for 

honour and some for dishonour�察�not because they have been forewarned。 

��3�� As regards the Divine natural law whereof the chief commandment is�察�

as we have said�察�to love God�察�I have called it a law in the same sense�察�as 

philosophers style laws those general rules of nature�察�according to which 



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everything happens。 ��4�� For the love of God is not a state of obedience�此�it 

is a virtue which necessarily exists in a man who knows God rightly。 ��5�� 

Obedience has regard to the will of a ruler�察�not to necessity and truth。 ��6�� 

Now as we are ignorant of the nature of God's will�察�and on the other hand 

know that everything happens solely by God's power�察�we cannot�察�except 

through revelation�察�know whether God wishes in any way to be honoured 

as a sovereign。 

     ��7�� Again�察  �we  have   shown that   the  Divine  rights   appear  to   us   in   the 

light of rights or commands�察�only so long as we are ignorant of their cause�此�

as soon as their cause is known�察�they cease to be rights�察�and we embrace 

them no longer as rights but as eternal truths�察�in other words�察�obedience 

passes     into   love    of   God�察   �which     emanates      from    true   knowledge       as 

necessarily   as   light   emanates   from   the   sun。   ��8��   Reason   then   leads   us   to 

love   God�察  �but   cannot   lead   us   to   obey   Him�察  �for   we   cannot   embrace   the 

commands   of   God   as   Divine�察  �while   we   are   in   ignorance   of   their   cause�察�

neither can we rationally conceive God as a sovereign laying down laws as 

a sovereign。 

     Chapter      XVII。 

     ��Endnote   29�А�   ��1��   ;If   men   could   lose   their  natural   rights   so   as   to   be 

absolutely unable  for  the  future  to   oppose  the  will   of the sovereign;   ��2�� 

Two common soldiers undertook to change the Roman dominion�察�and did 

change it。 ��Tacitus�察�Hist。 i��7。�� 

     ��Endnote 30�А� ��1�� See Numbers xi。 28。 In this passage it is written that 

two men prophesied in the camp�察�and that Joshua wished to punish them。 

��2��   This   he   would   not   have   done�察  �if   it   had   been   lawful   for   anyone   to 

deliver the Divine oracles to the people without the consent of Moses。 ��3�� 

But Moses thought good to pardon the two men�察�and rebuked Joshua for 

exhorting him to use his royal prerogative�察�at a time when he was so weary 

of   reigning�察  �that   he   preferred   death   to   holding   undivided   sway   ��Numb。 

xi��14��。 ��4�� For he made answer to Joshua�察 �Enviest thou for my sake�拭。�5�� 

Would   God   that   all   the   Lord's   people   were   prophets�察  �and   that   the   Lord 

would put His   spirit upon them。;   ��6�� That is   to say�察 �would   God that   the 

right of taking counsel  of   God   were   general�察 �and the   power   were   in   the 

hands of the people。 ��7�� Thus Joshua was not mistaken as to the right�察�but 



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only as to the time for using it�察�for which he was rebuked by Moses�察�in the 

same way as Abishai was rebuked by David for counselling that Shimei�察�

who had undoubtedly been guilty of treason�察�should be put to death。 ��8�� 

See 2 Sam。 xix��22�察�23。 

     ��Endnote   31�А�   ��1��   See   Numbers   xxvii��21。   ��2��   The   translators   of   the 

Bible have rendered incorrectly verses 19 and 23 of this chapter。 ��3�� The 

passage does not mean that Moses gave precepts or advice to Joshua�察�but 

that he made or established him chief of the Hebrews。 ��4�� The phrase is 

very freguent in Scripture ��see Exodus�察�xviii��23�察�1 Sam。 xiii��15�察�Joshua i��9�察�

1 Sam。 xxv��80��。 

     ��Endnote 32�А。�1�� ;There was no judge over each of the captains save 

God。; ��2�� The Rabbis and some Christians equally foolish pretend that the 

Sanhedrin�察�called ;the great; was instituted by Moses。 ��3�� As a matter of 

fact�察�Moses chose seventy colleagues to assist him in governing�察�because 

he was not able to bear alone the burden of the whole people�察�but he never 

passed any law for forming a college of seventy members�察�on the contrary 

he   ordered   every  tribe   to   appoint   for   itself�察 �in   the   cities   which   God   had 

given it�察�judges to settle disputes according to the laws which he himself 

had laid down。 ��4�� In cases where the opinions of the judges differed as to 

the interpretation of these laws�察�Moses bade them take counsel of the High 

Priest ��who was the chief interpreter of the law���察�or of the chief judge�察�to 

whom   they   were   then   subordinate   ��who   had   the   right   of   consulting   the 

High   Priest���察  �and   to   decide   the   dispute   in   accordance   with   the   answer 

obtained。 ��5�� If any subordinate judge should assert�察�that he was not bound 

by the decision of the High Priest�察�received either directly or through the 

chief of his state�察�such an one was to be put to death ��Deut。 xvii��9�� by the 

chief judge�察�whoever he might be�察�to whom he was a subordinate。 ��6�� This 

chief   judge   would   either   be   Joshua�察  �the   supreme   captain   of   the   whole 

people�察    �or  one   of  the   tribal  chiefs   who    had   been    entrusted�察   �after  the 

division     of   the   tribes�察 �with    the   right   of  consulting     the   high    priest 

concerning       the  affairs   of  his   tribe�察 �of  deciding     on   peace    or  war�察  �of 

fortifying towns�察�of appointing inferior judges�察�&c。 ��7�� Or�察�again�察�it might 

be the king�察�in whom all or some of the tribes had vested their rights。��8�� I 

could   cite   many  instances   in   confirmation   of   what   I   here   advance。   ��9��   I 



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will confine myself to one�察�which appears to me the most important of all。 

��10��   When   the   Shilomitish   prophet   anointed   Jeroboam   king�察  �he�察  �in   so 

doing�察  �gave   him   the   right   of   consulting   the   high   priest�察  �of   appointing 

judges�察�&c。 ��11�� In fact he endowed him with all the rights over the ten 

tribes�察�which   Rehoboam  retained   over the   two tribes。  ��12��   Consequently 

Jeroboam could set up a supreme council in his court with as much right 

as Jehoshaphat could at Jerusalem ��2 Chron。 xix��8��。 ��13�� For it is plain that 

neither     Jeroboam�察     �who    was    king   by   God's    command�察      �nor    Jeroboam's 

subjects�察  �were   bound   by   the   Law   of   Moses   to   accept   the   judgments   of 

Rehoboam�察  �who   was   not   their   king。   ��14��   Still   less   were   they   under   the 

jurisdiction   of   the   judge�察  �whom   Rehoboam   had   set   up   in   Jerusalem   as 

subordinate to himself。 ��15�� According�察�therefore�察�as the Hebrew dominion 

was divided�察�so was a supreme council setup in each division。 ��16�� Those 

who neglect   the  variations   in   the  constitution   of   the   Hebrew  States

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