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of Hermolaus�此 �It is almost laughable�察─�said he�察�that Hermolaus asked me
to contradict Jupiter�察 �by whose oracle I am recognized。 ��33�� Am I
responsible for the answers of the gods�拭 。�34�� It offered me the name of
son�察 �acquiescence was by no means foreign to my present designs。 ��35��
Would that the Indians also would believe me to be a god� 。�36�� Wars are
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carried through by prestige�察 �falsehoods that are believed often gain the
force of truth。; ��Curtius�察�viii�察� Para�察�8。�� ��37�� In these few words he cleverly
contrives to palm off a fiction on the ignorant�察�and at the same time hints
at the motive for the deception。
��17��38�� Cleon�察�in his speech persuading the Macedonians to obey their
king�察 �adopted a similar device�此 �for after going through the praises of
Alexander with admiration�察 �and recalling his merits�察 �he proceeds�察 �the
Persians are not only pious�察�but prudent in worshipping their kings as gods�此�
for kingship is the shield of public safety�察─�and he ends thus�察 �I�察�myself�察�
when the king enters a banquet hall�察 �should prostrate my body on the
ground�察 �other men should do the like�察 �especially those who are wise ;
��Curtius�察 �viii。 Para。 66��。 ��39�� However�察 �the Macedonians were more
prudent ´ indeed�察 �it is only complete barbarians who can be so openly
cajoled�察�and can suffer themselves to be turned from subjects into slaves
without interests of their own。 ��40�� Others�察 �notwithstanding�察 �have been
able more easily to spread the belief that kingship is sacred�察�and plays the
part of God on the earth�察 �that it has been instituted by God�察 �not by the
suffrage and consent of men�察 �and that it is preserved and guarded by
Divine special providence and aid。 ��41�� Similar fictions have been
promulgated by monarchs�察�with the object of strengthening their dominion�察�
but these I will pass over�察�and in order to arrive at my main purpose�察�will
merely recall and discuss the teaching on the subject of Divine revelation
to Moses in ancient times。
��17��3�А。�42�� We have said in Chap。 V。 that after the Hebrews came up
out of Egypt they were not bound by the law and right of any other nation�察�
but were at liberty to institute any new rites at their pleasure�察 �and to
occupy whatever territory they chose。 ��43�� After their liberation from the
intolerable bondage of the Egyptians�察�they were bound by no covenant to
any man�察�and�察�therefore�察�every man entered into his natural right�察�and was
free to retain it or to give it up�察�and transfer it to another。 ��44�� Being�察�then�察�
in the state of nature�察�they followed the advice of Moses�察�in whom they
chiefly trusted�察�and decided to transfer their right to no human being�察�but
only to God�察�without further delay they all�察�with one voice�察�promised to
obey all the commands of the Deity�察�and to acknowledge no right that He
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did not proclaim as such by prophetic revelation。 ��45�� This promise�察 �or
transference of right to God�察�was effected in the same manner as we have
conceived it to have been in ordinary societies�察�when men agree to divest
themselves of their natural rights。 ��46�� It is�察 �in fact�察 �in virtue of a set
covenant�察�and an oath ��see Exod。 xxxiv��10���察�that the Jews freely�察�and not
under compulsion or threats�察�surrendered their rights and transferred them
to God。 ��47�� Moreover�察�in order that this covenant might be ratified and
settled�察�and might be free from all suspicion of deceit�察�God did not enter
into it till the Jews had had experience of His wonderful power by which
alone they had been�察�or could be�察�preserved in a state of prosperity ��Exod。
xix��4�察 �5��。 ��48�� It is because they believed that nothing but God's power
could preserve them that they surrendered to God the natural power of
self´preservation�察 �which they formerly�察 �perhaps�察 �thought they possessed�察�
and consequently they surrendered at the same time all their natural right。
��17��4�А 。�49�� God alone�察 �therefore�察 �held dominion over the Hebrews�察�
whose state was in virtue of the covenant called God's kingdom�察�and God
was said to be their king�察�consequently the enemies of the Jews were said
to be the enemies of God�察�and the citizens who tried to seize the dominion
were guilty of treason against God�察�and�察�lastly�察�the laws of the state were
called the laws and commandments of God。 ��50�� Thus in the Hebrew state
the civil and religious authority�察 �each consisting solely of obedience to
God�察 �were one and the same。 ��51�� The dogmas of religion were not
precepts�察 �but laws and ordinances�察 �piety was regarded as the same as
loyalty�察�impiety as the same as disaffection。 ��52�� Everyone who fell away
from religion ceased to be a citizen�察 �and was�察 �on that ground alone�察�
accounted an enemy�此�those who died for the sake of religion�察�were held to
have died for their country�察 �in fact�察 �between civil and religious law and
right there was no distinction whatever。 ��in Biblical Hebrew�察�there was no
word for what we call Religion。; Modern Hebrew has selected a word
whose root is ;knowledge。;�� ��53�� For this reason the government could be
called a Theocracy�察�inasmuch as the citizens were not bound by anything
save the revelations of God。
��17��54�� However�察�this state of things existed rather in theory than in
practice�察�for it will appear from what we are about to say�察�that the Hebrews�察�
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as a matter of fact�察 �retained absolutely in their own hands the right of
sovereignty�此 �this is shown by the method and plan by which the
government was carried on�察�as I will now explain。
��17��55�� Inasmuch as the Hebrews did not transfer their rights to any
other person but�察 �as in a democracy�察 �all surrendered their rights equally�察�
and cried out with one voice�察 �Whatsoever God shall speak ��no mediator
or mouthpiece being named�� that will we do�察─ �it follows that all were
equally bound by the covenant�察�and that all had an equal right to consult
the Deity�察 �to accept and to interpret His laws�察�so that all had an exactly
equal share in the government。 ��17��5�А 。�56�� Thus at first they all
approached God together�察�so that they might learn His commands�察�but in
this first salutation�察�they were so thoroughly terrified and so astounded to
hear God speaking�察�that they thought their last hour was at hand�此�full of
fear�察�therefore�察�they went afresh to Moses�察�and said�察 �Lo�察�we have heard
God speaking in the fire�察�and there is no cause why we should wish to die�此�
surely this great fire will consume us�此�if we hear again the voice of God�察�
we shall surely die。 ��57�� Thou�察�therefore�察�go near�察�and hear all the words of
our God�察�and thou ��not God�� shalt speak with us�此�all that God shall tell us�察�
that will we hearken to and perform。;
��17��58�� They thus clearly abrogated their former covenant�察 �and
absolutely transferred to Moses their right to consult God and interpret