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theologico-political treatise p4(舞僥嚥屓嵶廨籾冩梢4)-及7嫗


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of Hermolaus�此 �It is almost laughable�察─�said he�察�that Hermolaus asked me 

to   contradict     Jupiter�察  �by   whose      oracle   I  am    recognized。      ��33��   Am     I 

responsible for the  answers of the gods�拭  。�34�� It offered me   the name   of 

son�察  �acquiescence   was by  no   means   foreign to   my  present designs。   ��35�� 

Would that the Indians also would believe me to be a god� 。�36�� Wars are 



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carried   through   by   prestige�察  �falsehoods   that   are   believed   often   gain   the 

force of truth。; ��Curtius�察�viii�察� Para�察�8。�� ��37�� In these few words he cleverly 

contrives to palm off a fiction on the ignorant�察�and at the same time hints 

at the motive for the deception。 

     ��17��38�� Cleon�察�in his speech persuading the Macedonians to obey their 

king�察  �adopted   a   similar   device�此  �for   after   going   through        the   praises   of 

Alexander   with   admiration�察  �and   recalling   his   merits�察  �he   proceeds�察   �the 

Persians are not only pious�察�but prudent in worshipping their kings as gods�此�

for kingship is the shield of public safety�察─�and he ends thus�察 �I�察�myself�察�

when   the   king   enters   a   banquet   hall�察  �should   prostrate   my   body   on   the 

ground�察  �other   men   should   do   the   like�察  �especially   those   who   are   wise   ; 

��Curtius�察    �viii。  Para。    66��。   ��39��   However�察     �the   Macedonians        were    more 

prudent   ´   indeed�察  �it   is   only   complete   barbarians   who   can   be   so   openly 

cajoled�察�and can suffer themselves to be turned from subjects into slaves 

without   interests   of   their   own。   ��40��   Others�察  �notwithstanding�察  �have   been 

able more easily to spread the belief that kingship is sacred�察�and plays the 

part   of   God   on   the   earth�察  �that   it   has   been   instituted   by   God�察  �not   by   the 

suffrage   and   consent   of   men�察  �and   that   it   is   preserved   and   guarded   by 

Divine      special    providence      and    aid。   ��41��   Similar     fictions   have    been 

promulgated by monarchs�察�with the object of strengthening their dominion�察�

but these I will pass over�察�and in order to arrive at my main purpose�察�will 

merely recall and discuss the teaching on the subject of Divine revelation 

to Moses in ancient times。 

     ��17��3�А。�42�� We have said in Chap。 V。 that after the Hebrews came up 

out of Egypt they were not bound by the law and right of any other nation�察�

but   were   at   liberty   to   institute   any   new   rites   at   their   pleasure�察  �and   to 

occupy whatever territory they chose。 ��43�� After their liberation from the 

intolerable bondage of the Egyptians�察�they were bound by no covenant to 

any man�察�and�察�therefore�察�every man entered into his natural right�察�and was 

free to retain it or to give it up�察�and transfer it to another。 ��44�� Being�察�then�察�

in the state of nature�察�they followed the advice of Moses�察�in whom they 

chiefly trusted�察�and decided to transfer their right to no human being�察�but 

only to God�察�without further delay they all�察�with one voice�察�promised to 

obey all the commands of the Deity�察�and to acknowledge no right that He 



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did   not   proclaim   as   such   by   prophetic   revelation。   ��45��   This   promise�察  �or 

transference of right to God�察�was effected in the same manner as we have 

conceived it to have been in ordinary societies�察�when men agree to divest 

themselves   of   their   natural   rights。   ��46��   It   is�察  �in   fact�察  �in   virtue   of   a   set 

covenant�察�and an oath ��see Exod。 xxxiv��10���察�that the Jews freely�察�and not 

under compulsion or threats�察�surrendered their rights and transferred them 

to God。 ��47�� Moreover�察�in order that this covenant might be ratified and 

settled�察�and might be free from all suspicion of deceit�察�God did not enter 

into it till the Jews had had experience of His wonderful power by which 

alone they had been�察�or could be�察�preserved in a state of prosperity ��Exod。 

xix��4�察  �5��。   ��48��   It   is   because   they   believed   that   nothing   but   God's   power 

could   preserve   them   that   they   surrendered   to   God   the   natural   power   of 

self´preservation�察  �which   they   formerly�察  �perhaps�察  �thought   they   possessed�察�

and consequently they surrendered at the same time all their natural right。 

     ��17��4�А  。�49��   God   alone�察  �therefore�察  �held   dominion   over   the   Hebrews�察�

whose state was in virtue of the covenant called God's kingdom�察�and God 

was said to be their king�察�consequently the enemies of the Jews were said 

to be the enemies of God�察�and the citizens who tried to seize the dominion 

were guilty of treason against God�察�and�察�lastly�察�the laws of the state were 

called the laws and commandments of God。 ��50�� Thus in the Hebrew state 

the   civil   and   religious   authority�察  �each   consisting   solely   of   obedience   to 

God�察    �were    one   and    the  same。    ��51��   The    dogmas      of  religion    were   not 

precepts�察  �but   laws   and   ordinances�察  �piety   was   regarded   as   the   same   as 

loyalty�察�impiety as the same as disaffection。 ��52�� Everyone who fell away 

from   religion      ceased    to  be   a  citizen�察  �and   was�察   �on   that  ground     alone�察�

accounted an enemy�此�those who died for the sake of religion�察�were held to 

have   died   for  their  country�察  �in   fact�察 �between   civil   and   religious   law   and 

right there was no distinction whatever。 ��in Biblical Hebrew�察�there was no 

word   for   what   we   call   Religion。;   Modern   Hebrew   has   selected   a   word 

whose root is ;knowledge。;�� ��53�� For this reason the government could be 

called a Theocracy�察�inasmuch as the citizens were not bound by anything 

save the revelations of God。 

     ��17��54�� However�察�this state of things   existed rather in   theory than   in 

practice�察�for it will appear from what we are about to say�察�that the Hebrews�察�



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as   a   matter   of   fact�察  �retained   absolutely   in   their   own   hands   the   right   of 

sovereignty�此      �this   is  shown     by    the   method     and    plan    by   which     the 

government was carried on�察�as I will now explain。 

     ��17��55�� Inasmuch as the  Hebrews did not transfer  their rights to   any 

other person but�察  �as in   a democracy�察  �all   surrendered their   rights   equally�察�

and cried out with one voice�察 �Whatsoever God shall speak ��no mediator 

or   mouthpiece   being   named��   that   will   we   do�察─  �it   follows   that   all   were 

equally bound by the covenant�察�and that all had an equal right to consult 

the   Deity�察  �to   accept and   to   interpret   His laws�察�so that   all had   an   exactly 

equal     share    in   the   government。       ��17��5�А   。�56��    Thus    at   first  they    all 

approached God together�察�so that they might learn His commands�察�but in 

this first salutation�察�they were so thoroughly terrified and so astounded to 

hear God speaking�察�that they thought their last hour was at hand�此�full of 

fear�察�therefore�察�they went afresh to Moses�察�and said�察 �Lo�察�we have heard 

God speaking in the fire�察�and there is no cause why we should wish to die�此�

surely this great fire will consume us�此�if we hear again the voice of God�察�

we shall surely die。 ��57�� Thou�察�therefore�察�go near�察�and hear all the words of 

our God�察�and thou ��not God�� shalt speak with us�此�all that God shall tell us�察�

that will we hearken to and perform。; 

     ��17��58��     They     thus    clearly   abrogated      their   former     covenant�察    �and 

absolutely transferred to Moses their right to consult God and interpret 

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