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a treatise on parents and children(幻銚嚥徨溺廨籾冩梢)-及29嫗


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possible。 



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                       A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN 



                     The Fate of the Family 



     The difficulty of inducing people to talk sensibly about the family is 

the same   as   that which  I  pointed out in   a previous volume   as   confusing 

discussions of   marriage。        Marriage   is   not   a  single  invariable institution�此�

it changes from civilization to civilization�察�from religion to religion�察�from 

civil code to civil code�察�from frontier to frontier。           The family is still more 

variable�察�because the number of persons constituting a family�察�unlike the 

number   of   persons   constituting   a   marriage�察  �varies   from   one   to   twenty�此�

indeed�察�when a widower with a family marries a widow with a family�察�and 

the   two    produce    a  third  family�察   �even   that  very   high   number     may    be 

surpassed。 And the conditions may vary between opposite extremes�此                      �for 

example�察  �in   a   London   or   Paris   slum   every   child   adds   to   the   burden   of 

poverty and helps to starve the parents and all the other children�察�whereas 

in a settlement of pioneer colonists every child�察�from the moment it is big 

enough to lend a hand to the family industry�察�is an investment in which the 

only danger is that of temporary over´capitalization。                Then there are the 

variations in family sentiment。          Sometimes the family organization is as 

frankly  political   as   the   organization   of   an   army   or   an   industry�此�fathers 

being     no  more    expected     to  be   sentimental     about   their   children    than 

colonels about soldiers�察�or factory owners about their employees�察�though 

the   mother   may   be   allowed   a   little   tenderness   if   her   character   is   weak。 

The    Roman      father   was   a  despot�此   �the   Chinese     father  is  an  object   of 

worship�此     �the   sentimental   modern   western   father   is   often   a   play´fellow 

looked     to  for  toys   and   pocket´money。        The    farmer    sees   his  children 

constantly�此     �the squire sees them only during the holidays�察�and not then 

oftener than he can help�此        �the tram conductor�察�when employed by a joint 

stock company�察�sometimes never sees them at all。 

     Under   such   circumstances   phrases   like The   Influence   of   Home   Life�察�

The Family�察�The Domestic Hearth�察�and so on�察�are no more specific than 

The Mammals�察 �or The Man   In The  Street�察�and  the  pious   generalizations 

founded so glibly on them by our sentimental moralists are unworkable。 

When   households   average   twelve   persons   with   the   sexes   about   equally 

represented�察�the results may be fairly good。             When they average three the 



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                       A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN 



results may be very bad indeed�察�and to lump the two together under the 

general     term   The    Family     is  to  confuse    the   question    hopelessly。    The 

modern small family is much too stuffy�此              �children ;brought up at home; 

in   it   are   unfit   for   society。 But   here   again   circumstances   differ。   If   the 

parents live in what is called a garden suburb�察�where there is a good deal 

of social intercourse�察�and the family�察�instead of keeping itself to itself�察�as 

the evil old saying is�察�and glowering at the neighbors over the blinds of the 

long street in which nobody knows his neighbor and everyone wishes to 

deceive him as to his income and social importance�察�is in effect broken up 

by school life�察�by out´of´door habits�察�and by frank neighborly intercourse 

through dances and concerts and theatricals and excursions and the like�察�

families of four may turn out much less barbarous citizens than families of 

ten   which   attain   the   Boer   ideal   of   being   out   of   sight   of   one   another's 

chimney smoke。 

     All one can say is�察�roughly�察�that the homelier the home�察�and the more 

familiar the family�察�the worse for everybody concerned。                 The family ideal 

is a humbug and a nuisance�此           �one might as reasonably talk of the barrack 

ideal�察�or the forecastle ideal�察�or any other substitution of the machinery of 

social organization for the end of it�察�which must always be the fullest and 

most   capable   life�此   �in   short�察  �the   most   godly   life。 And   this   significant 

word reminds us that though the popular conception of heaven includes a 

Holy   Family�察  �it   does   not   attach   to   that   family   the   notion   of   a   separate 

home�察�or   a   private nursery  or   kitchen or mother´in´law�察 �or   anything that 

constitutes     the   family    as   we   know     it。   Even     blood    relationship     is 

miraculously abstracted from it�察�and the Father is the father of all children�察�

the mother the mother of all mothers and babies�察�and the Son the Son of 

Man   and   the   Savior   of   his   brothers�此  �one   whose   chief   utterance   on   the 

subject of the conventional family was an invitation to all of us to leave 

our families and follow him�察�and to leave the dead to bury the dead�察�and 

not debauch ourselves at that gloomy festival the family funeral�察�with its 

sequel of hideous mourning and grief which is either affected or morbid。 



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                       A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN 



                          Family Mourning 



     I do not know how far this detestable custom of mourning is carried in 

France�察�but judging from the appearance of the French people I should say 

that a Frenchwoman goes into mourning for her cousins to the seventeenth 

degree。     The   result   is   that   when   I   cross   the   Channel   I   seem   to   have 

reached a country devastated by war or pestilence。               It is really suffering 

only from the family。        Will anyone pretend that England has not the best 

of   this   striking   difference�拭    �Yet    it  is  such   senseless   and    unnatural 

conventions   as   this   that   make   us   so   impatient   of   what   we   call   family 

feeling。    Even   apart   from   its   insufferable   pretensions�察  �the   family   needs 

hearty discrediting�察�for there is hardly any vulnerable part of it that could 

not be amputated with advantage。 



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                        A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN 



                                 Art Teaching 



     By   art   teaching   I   hasten   to   say   that   I   do   not   mean   giving   children 

lessons     in   freehand    drawing      and   perspective。      I   am    simply    calling 

attention to the fact that fine art is the only teacher except torture。               I have 

already pointed out that nobody�察�except under threat of torture�察�can read a 

school   book。       The   reason   is   that   a   school   book   is   not   a   work   of   art。 

Similarly�察�you cannot listen to a lesson or a sermon unless the teacher or 

the preacher is an artist。        You cannot read the Bible if you have no sense 

of   literary   art。   The    reason    why    the   continental     European     is�察 �to  the 

Englishman or American�察�so surprisingly ignorant of the Bible�察�is that the 

authorized      English     version    is  a  great    work    of   literary   art�察 �and   the 

continental   versions   are   comparatively   artless。        To   read   a   dull   book�察  �to 

listen to a tedious play or prosy sermon or lecture�察�to stare at uninteresting 

pictures   or   ugly   buildings�此    �nothing�察  �short   of   disease�察  �is   more   dreadful 

than    this。   The    violence     done   to  our   souls   by   it  leaves   injuries   and 

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