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The¡¡greatest¡¡service¡¡that¡¡General¡¡Buell¡¡rendered¡¡to¡¡his¡¡country¡¡was¡¡as¡¡the¡¡organizer¡¡and¡¡disciplinarian¡¡of¡¡the¡¡mass¡¡of¡¡the¡¡raw£»¡¡undrilled¡¡troops¡¡that¡¡were¡¡hurried¡¡to¡¡the¡¡front¡¡under¡¡the¡¡need¡¡of¡¡the¡¡hour£»¡¡and¡¡who£»¡¡unaccustomed¡¡to¡¡military¡¡or¡¡other¡¡restraint£»¡¡had¡¡all¡¡the¡¡freedom¡¡that¡¡characterizes¡¡the¡¡American¡¡sovereign¡¡both¡¡in¡¡speech¡¡and¡¡action¡£¡¡¡¡To¡¡take¡¡these¡¡troops¡¡by¡¡the¡¡thousands¡¡and¡¡make¡¡an¡¡army¡¡of¡¡fifty¡¡to¡¡seventy¡­five¡¡thousand¡¡trained¡¡skilled¡¡soldiers£»¡¡who£»¡¡in¡¡later¡¡days£»¡¡were¡¡to¡¡do¡¡as¡¡splendid¡¡fighting¡¡as¡¡the¡¡world¡¡ever¡¡saw£»¡¡was¡¡a¡¡stupendous¡¡undertaking¡£¡¡¡¡General¡¡Buell¡¡not¡¡only¡¡did¡¡this£»¡¡but¡¡accomplished¡¡the¡¡task¡¡in¡¡time¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡some¡¡of¡¡these¡¡soldiers¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡justly¡¡proud¡¡of¡¡to¡¡the¡¡field¡¡of¡¡Shiloh£»¡¡where£»¡¡under¡¡his¡¡eye£»¡¡they¡¡met¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡like¡¡veterans¡£¡¡¡¡Buell's¡¡military¡¡training¡¡and¡¡habits¡¡of¡¡life¡¡led¡¡him£»¡¡however£»¡¡to¡¡one¡¡error¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡so¡¡good¡¡a¡¡soldier¡¡himself£»¡¡that¡¡he¡¡failed¡¡to¡¡recognize¡¡the¡¡distinction¡¡between¡¡the¡¡regular¡¡soldier¡¡in¡¡garrison¡¡during¡¡times¡¡of¡¡peace¡¡and¡¡the¡¡thinking¡¡volunteer¡¡during¡¡the¡¡active¡¡campaigns¡¡of¡¡the¡¡rebellion¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡latter¡¡could¡¡not¡¡and¡¡would¡¡not¡¡be¡¡made¡¡the¡¡mere¡¡machine¡¡the¡¡former¡¡becomes£»¡¡and¡¡Buell's¡¡failure¡¡to¡¡appreciate¡¡this¡¡caused¡¡great¡¡ill¡­feeling¡¡against¡¡him¡¡at¡¡the¡¡time¡¡in¡¡his¡¡army¡£¡¡Then£»¡¡again£»¡¡Buell's¡¡earlier¡¡military¡¡training¡¡in¡¡the¡¡bureau¡¡office¡¡he¡¡held¡¡so¡¡many¡¡years¡¡unfitted¡¡him¡¡for¡¡the¡¡handling£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡battle¡­field£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡large¡¡number¡¡of¡¡troops¡¡which¡¡composed¡¡his¡¡command¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡very¡¡few¡¡generals¡¡during¡¡the¡¡rebellion¡¡were¡¡able¡¡to¡¡successfully¡¡handle¡¡on¡¡the¡¡battle¡­field¡¡as¡¡large¡¡an¡¡army¡¡as¡¡was¡¡under¡¡Buell¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡fact£»¡¡the¡¡general¡¡who¡¡has¡¡sufficient¡¡talent¡¡as¡¡a¡¡good¡¡organizer¡¡and¡¡drill¡­master¡¡to¡¡enter¡¡into¡¡the¡¡details¡¡necessary¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡an¡¡army¡¡out¡¡of¡¡raw¡¡troops£»¡¡has¡¡not¡¡the¡¡military¡¡genius¡¡required¡¡to¡¡handle¡¡a¡¡large¡¡army¡¡in¡¡fighting¡¡and¡¡winning¡¡great¡¡battles¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡Buell¡¡rendered¡¡many¡¡valuable¡¡services£»¡¡in¡¡the¡¡camp¡¡and¡¡on¡¡the¡¡field£»¡¡to¡¡his¡¡country¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡was¡¡Buell¡¡who¡¡planned¡¡the¡¡Fort¡¡Henry£»¡¡Fort¡¡Donelson£»¡¡and¡¡Nashville¡¡campaign£»¡¡which¡¡Halleck¡¡put¡¡under¡¡his¡¡hat£»¡¡and¡¡proceeded¡¡to¡¡carry¡¡out¡¡as¡¡HIS¡¡original¡¡idea£»¡¡being¡¡careful¡¡to¡¡say¡¡nothing¡¡in¡¡regard¡¡to¡¡his¡¡plans¡¡until¡¡they¡¡were¡¡so¡¡far¡¡executed¡¡as¡¡to¡¡render¡¡any¡¡action¡¡on¡¡the¡¡part¡¡of¡¡Buell¡¡and¡¡his¡¡command¡¡simply¡¡that¡¡of¡¡a¡¡supporting¡¡column¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡to¡¡Buell¡¡is¡¡due¡¡the¡¡credit¡¡of¡¡the¡¡second¡¡day's¡¡fight¡¡at¡¡Shiloh¡£¡¡¡¡That¡¡day's¡¡battle¡¡was¡¡the¡¡fight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Army¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Ohio¡¡with¡¡Lewis¡¡Wallace's¡¡division£»¡¡General¡¡Grant¡¡giving¡¡Buell¡¡largely¡¡his¡¡discretion¡¡in¡¡the¡¡movements¡¡of¡¡the¡¡troops¡£¡¡¡¡Whitelaw¡¡Reid¡¡says¡¡of¡¡him£»¡¡in¡¡¡¨Ohio¡¡in¡¡the¡¡War£»¡¨¡¡¡¨He¡¡came¡¡into¡¡that¡¡action¡¡when£»¡¡without¡¡him£»¡¡all¡¡was¡¡lost¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡redeemed¡¡the¡¡fortunes¡¡of¡¡the¡¡field£»¡¡and¡¡justly¡¡won¡¡the¡¡title¡¡of¡¡the¡¡'Hero¡¡of¡¡Pittsburg¡¡Landing¡£'¡¨

The¡¡order¡¡placing¡¡Rosecrans¡¡in¡¡commandGeneral¡¡Order¡¡No¡£¡¡168£»¡¡War¡¡Department£»¡¡of¡¡date¡¡October¡¡24£»¡¡1862created¡¡the¡¡Department¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Cumberland£»¡¡embracing¡¡that¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡the¡¡State¡¡of¡¡Tennessee¡¡lying¡¡east¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Tennessee¡¡River£»¡¡and¡¡such¡¡portion¡¡of¡¡Georgia¡¡and¡¡Alabama¡¡as¡¡should¡¡be¡¡occupied¡¡by¡¡the¡¡Federal¡¡troops¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡troops¡¡in¡¡the¡¡field¡¡were¡¡designated¡¡in¡¡the¡¡same¡¡order¡¡as¡¡the¡¡¡¨Fourteenth¡¡Army¡¡Corps¡£¡¨

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Up¡¡to¡¡this¡¡time¡¡the¡¡movements¡¡of¡¡Bragg's¡¡army¡¡remained¡¡undeveloped£»¡¡and¡¡no¡¡disposition¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Federal¡¡forces¡¡could¡¡be¡¡safely¡¡made¡¡without¡¡the¡¡knowledge¡¡of¡¡what¡¡Bragg's¡¡plan¡¡of¡¡operation¡¡would¡¡be¡£¡¡That¡¡he¡¡would¡¡ultimately¡¡attempt¡¡the¡¡capture¡¡of¡¡Nashville¡¡or¡¡force¡¡a¡¡battle¡¡for¡¡it¡¡there¡¡could¡¡be¡¡but¡¡little¡¡doubt¡£¡¡¡¡Not¡¡to¡¡fight¡¡for¡¡Nashville¡¡was¡¡the¡¡abandonment¡¡of¡¡Tennessee¡£¡¡¡¡Kentucky¡¡surrendered¡¡without¡¡a¡¡blow¡¡produced¡¡such¡¡demoralization¡¡in¡¡Bragg's¡¡command¡¡that¡¡to¡¡have¡¡given¡¡up¡¡Tennessee¡¡without¡¡a¡¡struggle¡¡would¡¡have¡¡either¡¡compelled¡¡a¡¡change¡¡in¡¡the¡¡commanding¡¡officer¡¡of¡¡that¡¡army¡¡or¡¡a¡¡disbandment¡¡of¡¡it£»¡¡so¡¡far¡¡as¡¡the¡¡Kentucky¡¡and¡¡Tennessee¡¡troops¡¡were¡¡concerned¡£

General¡¡Halleck's¡¡brilliant¡¡paper¡¡campaign¡¡into¡¡East¡¡Tennessee¡¡again¡¡was¡¡produced¡¡and¡¡aired¡¡with¡¡a¡¡show¡¡of¡¡the¡¡most¡¡profound¡¡wisdom£»¡¡based¡¡on¡¡the¡¡extreme¡¡ignorance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡situation¡¡and¡¡surroundings¡£¡¡Buell's¡¡forethought¡¡in¡¡concentrating¡¡the¡¡army¡¡within¡¡supporting¡¡distance¡¡of¡¡Nashville¡¡became¡¡apparent¡¡on¡¡the¡¡appearance¡¡of¡¡the¡¡advance¡¡of¡¡Bragg's¡¡army¡¡at¡¡Murfreesboro£»¡¡reinforcing¡¡Breckinridge's¡¡command£»¡¡which¡¡had¡¡been¡¡left¡¡in¡¡Tennessee¡¡to¡¡enforce¡¡the¡¡¡¨blockade¡¡of¡¡Nashville¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡This¡¡was¡¡another¡¡grievance¡¡the¡¡Kentucky¡¡troops¡¡had¡¡against¡¡Bragg¡£¡¡¡¡All¡¡the¡¡Kentucky¡¡infantry¡¡troops¡¡under¡¡Bragg¡¡were¡¡in¡¡Breckenridge's¡¡command£»¡¡and¡¡they¡¡were¡¡exceedingly¡¡anxious¡¡to¡¡return¡¡to¡¡the¡¡State¡¡with¡¡Bragg's¡¡army¡¡to¡¡visit¡¡their¡¡friends¡¡and¡¡relatives¡¡and¡¡aid¡¡in¡¡recruiting¡¡that¡¡army¡£¡¡¡¡Bragg's¡¡distrust¡¡of¡¡these¡¡troops¡¡was¡¡such¡¡that¡¡he¡¡refused¡¡to¡¡allow¡¡them¡¡this¡¡privilege£»¡¡and¡¡his¡¡action¡¡in¡¡holding¡¡them¡¡in¡¡Tennessee£»¡¡just¡¡out¡¡of¡¡Kentucky£»¡¡did¡¡not¡¡materially¡¡increase¡¡his¡¡popularity¡¡with¡¡them¡£¡¡¡¡Breckinridge¡¡had¡¡established¡¡his¡¡headquarters¡¡at¡¡Murfreesboro¡¡and¡¡assumed¡¡chief¡¡command£»¡¡with¡¡about¡¡ten¡¡thousand¡¡troops¡¡under¡¡him£»¡¡over¡¡one¡­third¡¡of¡¡which¡¡were¡¡cavalry¡¡under¡¡Wheeler¡¡and¡¡Forrest¡£¡¡¡¡With¡¡this¡¡force¡¡Breckinridge¡¡endeavored¡¡to¡¡enforce¡¡the¡¡siege¡¡of¡¡Nashville£»¡¡using¡¡his¡¡cavalry¡¡to¡¡prevent¡¡the¡¡gathering¡¡of¡¡forage¡¡and¡¡supplies¡¡by¡¡our¡¡troops¡¡from¡¡the¡¡surrounding¡¡country¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡foraging¡¡parties¡¡were¡¡constantly¡¡sent¡¡out£»¡¡going¡¡as¡¡far¡¡at¡¡times¡¡as¡¡ten¡¡miles¡¡on¡¡these¡¡expeditions¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡main¡¡deprivation¡¡the¡¡garrison¡¡suffered¡¡during¡¡the¡¡six¡¡weeks¡¡of¡¡the¡¡siege¡¡was¡¡in¡¡having¡¡nearly¡¡all¡¡communication¡¡cut¡¡off¡¡from¡¡their¡¡friends¡¡in¡¡the¡¡North£»¡¡and¡¡while¡¡they¡¡received¡¡nothing£»¡¡they¡¡embraced¡¡every¡¡opportunity¡¡of¡¡sending¡¡letters¡¡by¡¡citizens¡¡returning¡¡north¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡garrison¡¡was¡¡not¡¡willing¡¡to¡¡remain¡¡entirely¡¡on¡¡the¡¡defensive¡£¡¡¡¡Besides¡¡the¡¡numerous¡¡raiding¡¡parties¡¡sent¡¡out¡¡for¡¡forage¡¡which¡¡were¡¡uniformly¡¡successful£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡night¡¡of¡¡the¡¡6th¡¡of¡¡October£»¡¡Negley¡¡sent¡¡Palmer¡¡with¡¡some¡¡twenty¡­eight¡¡hundred¡¡troops¡¡to¡¡attack¡¡General¡¡S¡£¡¡R¡£¡¡Anderson£»¡¡who¡¡had¡¡established¡¡his¡¡camp¡¡at¡¡Lavergne¡¡with¡¡some¡¡three¡¡thousand¡¡men£»¡¡principally¡¡new¡¡recruits¡£¡¡¡¡Palmer¡¡with¡¡the¡¡artillery¡¡and¡¡about¡¡four¡¡hundred¡¡infantry¡¡to¡¡support¡¡it£»¡¡moved¡¡directly¡¡on¡¡Lavergne£»¡¡some¡¡fifteen¡¡miles¡¡from¡¡Nashville£»¡¡while¡¡Colonel¡¡John¡¡F¡£¡¡Miller¡¡with¡¡about¡¡twenty¡­four¡¡hundred¡¡men¡¡in¡¡his¡¡command¡¡moved¡¡on¡¡the¡¡road¡¡to¡¡the¡¡right¡¡to¡¡make¡¡the¡¡attack¡¡on¡¡the¡¡rear¡¡of¡¡the¡¡enemy¡£¡¡¡¡Miller¡¡marched¡¡his¡¡command¡¡during¡¡the¡¡night£»¡¡captured¡¡the¡¡enemy's¡¡pickets¡¡at¡¡daylight¡¡and¡¡moved¡¡on¡¡the¡¡encampment¡£¡¡¡¡Palmer¡¡opened¡¡with¡¡artillery¡¡as¡¡soon¡¡as¡¡he¡¡heard¡¡Miller's¡¡musketry¡¡firing¡¡and¡¡the¡¡latter£»¡¡pushing¡¡his¡¡troops¡¡rapidly¡¡forward£»¡¡after¡¡an¡¡engagement¡¡lasting¡¡half¡¡an¡¡hour£»¡¡had¡¡the¡¡enemy¡¡in¡¡full¡¡retr

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