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及21嫗

the moravians in georgia(暢袋略寓壓杷嵶冉)-及21嫗

弌傍�� the moravians in georgia(暢袋略寓壓杷嵶冉) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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days in the dates is only apparent�察�not real�察�for the Englishmen used the 

old style calendar�察�the Germans employed the modern one。 In 46 B。 C。 the 

Roman Calendar had gained two months on the actual seasons�察�and a more 

accurate     calculation     resulted   in  the   adoption    of   the  so´called    ;Julian 

Calendar;   ��prepared   at   the   request      of   Julius   Caesar���察  �the   two  missing 

months being inserted between November and December in that ;year of 

confusion;。By   1582�察  �however�察  �the   Julian   Calendar   had   fallen   ten   days 

behind the seasons�察 �so another   calculation was made�察 �and Pope   Gregory 

XIII abolished the Julian Calendar in all Catholic countries�察�dropped the 

dates    of  ten   days   from    that  year�察  �and   established     the  ;reformed;�察    �or 

;Gregorian Calendar;。This was adopted in Catholic Germany�察�in 1583�察�in 

Protestant Germany and Holland�察�in 1700�察�but in England not until 1752�察�

by which time the difference had increased to eleven days。 Following the 

ancient Jewish custom the Year�察�for many centuries�察�began with the 25th of 

March�察�but public sentiment came to favor the 1st of January as the more 

appropriate date�察�and it was gradually adopted。 In England�察�however�察�the 

legal year continued to begin with March 25th�察�until 1752�察�although many 

people were either using the newer fashion�察�or indicating both�察�and a date 

might be correctly written in four ways�察�e。g。 January 10th�察�1734�察�old style�察�

legal�察�January 10th�察�1734´5�察�or January 10th�察�1735�察�old style�察�popular�察�and 

January 21st�察�1735�察�new style�察�the last agreeing with the calendar now in 

general use。 



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     Bishop   Nitschmann   gives   the   outline   of   their   religious   services   on 

almost every day�察�and in the translation which follows these are generally 

omitted�察  �in   the   same   way   some   paragraphs   are   left   out   of   the   Wesley 

Journal。Extracts   from   Dober's   and   Ingham's   Journals   are   inserted   when 

they give facts not otherwise noted。 

      24 Oct。 1735。 

     Nitschmann's Diary。Oct。 24th�察�1735。 

     I  went    to  the   ship�察 。�the   `Simmonds'�察     �Captain    Cornish��。     My    heart 

rejoiced to be once   more   with the   Brethren。  In   the   evening   we held our 

song service。 

     ��We   have   all   given   ourselves   to   the   Lord�察  �and   pray   that   the   Saviour 

may   comfort      our   hearts   with   joy�察 �and   that  we   may   attain    our   object�察�

namely�察  �to   call   the   heathen�察  �to   become   acquainted   with   those   whom   we 

have   not   known   and   who   know   us   not�察  �and   to   worship   the   name   of   the 

Lord。 Letter of Oct。 28。�� 

      25 Oct。 1735。 

     John Wesley's Journal。Oct。 14th�察�1735�察。�O。 S。�� Tuesday。 

     Mr。    Benjamin      Ingham�察    �of  Queen's     College�察    �Oxford�察   �Mr。   Charles 

Delamotte�察�son of a merchant in London�察�who had offered himself some 

days     before�察  �my    brother    Charles    Wesley�察   �and    myself�察   �took   boat   for 

Gravesend�察�in order to embark for Georgia。Our end in leaving our native 

country was not to avoid want�察。�God having given us plenty of temporal 

blessings�撮� nor to gain the dung or dross of riches or honor�察�but singly this�察�

 to save our souls�察�to live wholly to the glory of God。 In the afternoon we 

found the `Simmonds' off Gravesend�察�and immediately went on board。 

     ��We had two cabins allotted us in the forecastle�察�I and Mr。 Delamotte 

having   the   first�察  �and   Messrs。   Wesley   the   other。Theirs   was   made   pretty 

large�察�so that we could all meet together to read or pray in it。 This part of 

the ship was assigned to us by Mr。 Oglethorpe�察�as being most convenient 

for privacy。 Ingham's Journal。�� 

      27 Oct。 1735。 

     Nitschmann。Oct。 27th。 

     Bled    Mrs。    Toeltschig    and    Mrs。   Zeisberger。On      deck    one   man    was 

knocked down by another�察�striking his head on the deck so as to stun him。 



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In the evening we held our song service at the same hour that the English 

had   theirs。I   spoke   with   Mr。   Oglethorpe   and   the   two   English   clergymen�察�

who asked concerning our ordination and our faith。Mr。 Oglethorpe said he 

would be as our father�察�if we would permit it。 

      28 Oct。 1735。 

     Nitschmann。Oct。 28th。 

     At   our   prayer´meeting   considered   Eph。   1�察  �how   our   election   may   be 

made sure�察�I also wrote to the Congregation at Herrnhut。Mrs。 Zeisberger 

was sick�察�and Mr。 Oglethorpe concerned himself about her comfort。 

      

     Wesley。Oct。 17th。 

     I began to learn German   in order to   converse   with the   Germans�察 �six 

and twenty* of whom we had on board。 

      * Twenty´five Moravians and the Wittenberg carpenter。  

      29 Oct。 1735。 

     Nitschmann。Oct。 29th。 

     Spoke with the Wittenberg carpenter concerning his soul。 

      30 Oct。 1735。Nitschmann。Oct。 30th。 

     We   decided   who   should   attend   to   various   duties   during   the   voyage�察�

and   held   our   ;Band;   meetings。��The   ;Bands;   were   small   groups�察  �closely 

associated      for  mutual     religious   improvement。��       An    English    boy    fell 

overboard�察�but was rescued by a sailor。 

      31 Oct。 1735。 

     Nitschmann。Oct。 31st。 

     In the afternoon we sailed twelve miles from Gravesend。 

      

     Wesley。Oct。 20th�察�Monday。 

     Believing the denying ourselves�察�even in the smallest instances�察�might�察�

by the blessing of God�察�be helpful to us�察�we wholly left off the use of flesh 

and   wine�察  �and   confined   ourselves   to   vegetable   food�察     �chiefly   rice   and 

biscuit。In the afternoon�察�David Nitschmann�察�Bishop of the Germans�察�and 

two others�察�began to learn English。 O may we be�察�not only of one tongue�察�

but of one mind and of one heart。 

      1 Nov。 1735。 



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     Nitschmann。Nov。 1st。 

     The English clergyman began to spend an hour teaching us English。 In 

the early  service we   read concerning   new   life in   the soul�察  �the preceding 

night was blessed to me�察�and the Saviour was near。 At the evening service 

we spoke of earnest prayer and its answer。 

     ��David     Nitschmann�察      �in  the  presence     of  all  the  members�察     �formally 

installed    certain    of  our   members      in   office�察    �David    Tanneberger      as 

overseer�察�Dober as teacher and monitor�察�Seybold as nurse for the brethren�察�

and Mrs。 Dober as nurse for the sisters。  Dober's Diary。�� 

     ��We have arranged that one of us shall watch each night�察�of which Mr。 

Oglethorpe approves。 Letter of Oct。 18th。�� 

      

     Wesley。Oct。 21st。 

     We sailed from Gravesend。When we were past about half the Goodwin 

Sands the wind suddenly failed。Had the calm continued till ebb�察�the ship 

had    probably   been   lost。But   the   gale   sprung   up   again   in   an   hour�察  �and 

carried us into the Downs。 

     We   now  began   to   be   a little   regular。Our   common   way   of   living   was 

this�此  �From   four   in   the   morning   till   five�察  �each   of   us   used   private   prayer。 

From five to seven we read the Bible together�察�carefully comparing it ��that 

we   might   not   lean   to   our   own   understanding��   with   the   writings   of   the 

earliest     ages。At     seven     we    breakfasted。At        eight    were    the    public 

prayers。From nine to twelve I usually learned German and Mr。 Delamotte 

Greek。My        brother     writ    sermons�察     �and    Mr。    Ingham      instructed     the 

children。At twe

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