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letters on literature(購噐猟僥)-及14嫗

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often reminds me of Dr。 Johnson�察�especially as Dr。 Johnson is described by 

Mr。   Carlyle。     Just   as   the   good   doctor   was   a   sound   Churchman   in   the 

beginning of the age of new ideas�察�so Plotinus was a sound pagan in the 

beginning of the triumph of Christianity。 

     Like Johnson�察�Plotinus was lazy and energetic and short´sighted。                    He 

wrote   a   very  large   number   of   treatises�察  �but   he   never   took   the   trouble   to 

read   through   them  when   once   they   were   written�察  �because   his   eyes   were 

weak。     He was superstitious�察�like Dr。 Johnson�察�yet he had lucid intervals 

of   common   sense�察 �when   he laughed   at the   superstitions of   his   disciples。 



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Like   Dr。   Johnson�察  �he   was   always   begirt   by   disciples�察  �men   and   women�察�

Bozzys and Thrales。         He was so full of honour and charity�察�that his house 

was crowded with persons in need of help and friendly care。                    Though he 

lived so much in the clouds and among philosophical abstractions�察�he was 

an excellent man of business。            Though a philosopher he was pious�察�and 

was     courageous�察    �dreading    the   plague    no   more    than   the  good    doctor 

dreaded the tempest that fell on him when he was voyaging to Coll。 

     You will admit that the parallel is pretty close for an historical parallel�察�

despite the differences between the ascetic of Wolf´town and the sage of 

Bolt Court�察�hard by Fleet Street� �

     To return to the education of Plotinus。           He was twenty´eight when he 

went up to the University of Alexandria。              For eleven years he diligently 

attended     the   lectures   of  Ammonius。        Then     he  went    on   the  Emperor 

Gordian's   expedition   to   the   East�察  �hoping   to   learn   the   philosophy   of   the 

Hindus。      The  Upanishads would have puzzled   Plotinus�察�had he   reached 

India�察�but   he never did。       Gordian's   army  was defeated in Mesopotamia�察�

no ;blessed word; to Gordian�察�and Plotinus hardly escaped with his life。 

He must have felt like Stendhal on the retreat from Moscow。 

     From Syria his friend and disciple Amelius led him to Rome�察�and here�察�

as   novelists   say�察   �a   curious   thing   happened。;     There   was   in   Rome   an 

Egyptian priest�察�who offered to raise up the Demon�察�or Guardian Angel�察�of 

Plotinus in visible form。        But there was only one pure spot in all Rome�察�

so said the priest�察�and this spot was the Temple of Isis。               Here the seance 

was held�察�and   no demon appeared�察 �but a regular  God of one  of the  first 

circles。    So terrified was an onlooker that he crushed to death the living 

birds which he held in his hands for some ritual or magical purpose。 

     It was a curious scene�察�a cosmopolitan confusion of Egypt�察�Rome�察�Isis�察�

table´turning�察�the late Mr。 Home�察�religion�察�and mummery�察�while Christian 

hymns of the early Church were being sung�察�perhaps in the garrets around�察�

outside   the   Temple   of   Isis。    The   discovery   that   he   had   a   god   for   his 

guardian   angel   gave   Plotinus   plenty   of   confidence   in   dealing   with   rival 

philosophers。       For    example�察    �Alexandrinus      Olympius�察     �another    mystic�察�

tried magical arts against Plotinus。          But Alexandrinus�察�suddenly doubling 

up during lecture with unaffected agony�察�cried�察 �Great virtue hath the soul 



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of Plotinus�察�for my spells have returned against myself。;                   As for Plotinus�察�

he    remarked     among      his  disciples�察    �Now     the  body   of    Alexandrinus       is 

collapsing like an empty purse。; 

     How       diverting      it   would      be�察   �Lady      Violet�察   �if    our    modern 

controversialists had those accomplishments�察�and if Mr。 Max Muller could�察�

literally�察   �double     up;    Professor     Whitney�察    �or   if  any   one    could    cause 

Peppmuller to collapse with his queer Homeric theory� �Plotinus had many 

such arts。      A piece of jewellery was stolen from one of his protegees�察�a 

lady�察   �and   he   detected    the   thief�察 �a  servant�察   �by   a  glance。    After     being 

flogged      within    an  inch    of  his   life�察 �the  servant    ��perhaps     to  save    the 

remaining inch�� confessed all。 

     Once   when   Porphyry  was   at   a   distance�察  �and   was   meditating   suicide�察�

Plotinus appeared at his side�察�saying�察 �This that thou schemest cometh not 

of   the   pure   intellect�察  �but   of   black   humours�察─  �and   so   sent   Porphyry   for 

change of air to Sicily。         This was thoroughly good advice�察�but during the 

absence of the disciple the master died。 

     Porphyry   did   not   see   the   great   snake   that   glided   into   the   wall   when 

Plotinus     expired�察    �he  only    heard    of  the   circumstance。       Plotinus's     last 

words were�此        �I am striving to release that which is divine within us�察�and 

to   merge     it  in   the  universally      divine。;     It   is  a  strange    mixture     of 

philosophy and savage survival。              The Zulus still believe that the souls of 

the dead reappear�察�like the soul of Plotinus�察�in the form of serpents。 

     Plotinus   wrote   against   the  paganizing   Christians�察  �or   Gnostics。          Like 

all   great   men�察  �he   was   accused   of   plagiarism。      A  defence   of   great   men 

accused of literary theft would be as valuable as Naude's work of a like 

name about magic。           On his death the Delphic Oracle�察�in very second´rate 

hexameters�察�declared that Plotinus had become a demon。 

     Such was the life of Plotinus�察�a man of sense and virtue�察�and so modest 

that   he   would   not   allow   his   portrait   to   be   painted。  His   character   drew 

good   men   round   him�察  �his   repute   for   supernatural   virtues   brought   ;fools 

into    a  circle。;   What      he  meant     by   his  belief   that  four   times    he  had�察�

;whether in the body or out of the body�察─�been united with the Spirit of the 

world�察�who knows�拭          �What does Tennyson mean when he writes�此�

       ;So word by word�察�and line by line�察�The dead man touch'd me from 



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the past�察�And all at once it seem'd at last His living soul was flashed on 

mine。 

     And   mine   in   his   was   wound   and   whirl'd About   empyreal   heights   of 

thought�察�And came on that which is�察�and caught The deep pulsations of the 

world。; 

       Mystery�      �We cannot fathom it�察�we know not the paths of the souls 

of   Pascal   and   Gordon�察  �of   Plotinus   and   St。   Paul。   They   are   wise   with   a 

wisdom not of this world�察�or with a foolishness yet more wise。 

     In his practical philosophy Plotinus was an optimist�察�or at least he was 

at war with pessimism。 

     ;They that love God bear lightly the ways of the worldbear   lightly 

whatsoever befalls them of necessity in the general movement of things。; 

He   believed   in   a   rest   that   remains   for   the   people   of   God�察   �where   they 

speak not one   with the other�察  �but�察�as   we understand many  things by  the 

eyes   only�察  �so   does   soul   read   soul   in   heaven�察 �where   the   spiritual   body  is 

pure�察  �and   nothing   is   hidden�察  �and   nothing   feigned。;   The   arguments          by 

which these opinions are buttressed may be called metaphysical�察�and may 

be   called   worthless�察  �the   conviction�察  �and   the   beauty   of   the   language   in 

which it is stated�察�remain immortal possessio

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