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第26章

the zincali-第26章

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them。  I was once in the shop of an Armenian at Constantinople; 



waiting to see a procession which was expected to pass by; there 



was a Janisary there; holding by the hand a little boy about six 



years of age; the son of some Bey; they also had come to see the 



procession。  I was struck with the remarkable loveliness of the 



child; and fixed my glance upon it:  presently it became uneasy; 



and turning to the Janisary; said:  'There are evil eyes upon me; 



drive them away。'  'Take your eyes off the child; Frank;' said the 



Janisary; who had a long white beard; and wore a hanjar。  'What 



harm can they do to the child; efendijem?' said I。  'Are they not 



the eyes of a Frank?' replied the Janisary; 'but were they the eyes 



of Omar; they should not rest on the child。'  'Omar;' said I; 'and 



why not Ali?  Don't you love Ali?'  'What matters it to you whom I 



love;' said the Turk in a rage; 'look at the child again with your 



chesm fanar and I will smite you。'  'Bad as my eyes are;' said I; 



'they can see that you do not love Ali。'  'Ya Ali; ya Mahoma; 



Alahhu!' (30) said the Turk; drawing his hanjar。  All Franks; by 



which are meant Christians; are considered as casters of the evil 



eye。  I was lately at Janina in Albania; where a friend of mine; a 



Greek gentleman; is established as physician。  'I have been 



visiting the child of a Jew that is sick;' said he to me one day; 



'scarcely; however; had I left the house; when the father came 



running after me。  〃You have cast the evil eye on my child;〃 said 



he; 〃come back and spit in its face。〃  And I assure you;' continued 



my friend; 'that notwithstanding all I could say; he compelled me 



to go back and spit in the face of his child。'







Perhaps there is no nation in the world amongst whom this belief is 



so firmly rooted and from so ancient a period as the Jews; it being 



a subject treated of; and in the gravest manner; by the old 



Rabbinical writers themselves; which induces the conclusion that 



the superstition of the evil eye is of an antiquity almost as 



remote as the origin of the Hebrew race; (and can we go farther 



back?) as the oral traditions of the Jews; contained and commented 



upon in what is called the Talmud; are certainly not less ancient 



than the inspired writings of the Old Testament; and have unhappily 



been at all times regarded by them with equal if not greater 



reverence。







The evil eye is mentioned in Scripture; but of course not in the 



false and superstitious sense; evil in the eye; which occurs in 



Prov。 xxiii。 v。 6; merely denoting niggardness and illiberality。  



The Hebrew words are AIN RA; and stand in contradistinction to AIN 



TOUB; or the benignant in eye; which denotes an inclination to 



bounty and liberality。







It is imagined that this blight is most easily inflicted when a 



person is enjoying himself with little or no care for the future; 



when he is reclining in the sun before the door; or when he is full 



of health and spirits:  it may be cast designedly or not; and the 



same effect may be produced by an inadvertent word。  It is deemed 



partially unlucky to say to any person; 'How well you look'; as the 



probabilities are that such an individual will receive a sudden 



blight and pine away。  We have however no occasion to go to 



Hindoos; Turks; and Jews for this idea; we shall find it nearer 



home; or something akin to it。  Is there one of ourselves; however 



enlightened and free from prejudice; who would not shrink; even in 



the midst of his highest glee and enjoyment; from saying; 'How 



happy I am!' or if the words inadvertently escaped him; would he 



not consider them as ominous of approaching evil; and would he not 



endeavour to qualify them by saying; 'God preserve me!' … Ay; God 



preserve you; brother!  Who knows what the morrow will bring forth?







The common remedy for the evil eye; in the East; is the spittle of 



the person who has cast it; provided it can be obtained。  'Spit in 



the face of my child;' said the Jew of Janina to the Greek 



physician:  recourse is had to the same means in Barbary; where the 



superstition is universal。  In that country both Jews and Moors 



carry papers about with them scrawled with hieroglyphics; which are 



prepared by their respective priests; and sold。  These papers; 



placed in a little bag; and hung about the person; are deemed 



infallible preservatives from the 'evil eye。'







Let us now see what the TALMUD itself says about the evil eye。  The 



passage which we are about to quote is curious; not so much from 



the subject which it treats of; as in affording an example of the 



manner in which the Rabbins are wont to interpret the Scripture; 



and the strange and wonderful deductions which they draw from words 



and phrases apparently of the greatest simplicity。







'Whosoever when about to enter into a city is afraid of evil eyes; 



let him grasp the thumb of his right hand with his left hand; and 



his left…hand thumb with his right hand; and let him cry in this 



manner:  〃I am such a one; son of such a one; sprung from the seed 



of Joseph〃; and the evil eyes shall not prevail against him。  



JOSEPH IS A FRUITFUL BOUGH; A FRUITFUL BOUGH BY A WELL; (31) etc。  



Now you should not say BY A WELL; but OVER AN EYE。 (32)  Rabbi 



Joseph Bar Henina makes the following deduction:  AND THEY SHALL 



BECOME (the seed of Joseph) LIKE FISHES IN MULTITUDE IN THE MIDST 



OF THE EARTH。 (33)  Now the fishes of the sea are covered by the 



waters; and the evil eye has no power over them; and so over those 



of the seed of Joseph the evil eye has no power。'







I have been thus diffuse upon the evil eye; because of late years 



it has been a common practice of writers to speak of it without 



apparently possessing any farther knowledge of the subject than 



what may be gathered from the words themselves。







Like most other superstitions; it is; perhaps; founded on a 



physical reality。







I have observed; that only in hot countries; where the sun and moon 



are particularly dazzling; the belief in the evil eye is prevalent。  



If we turn to Scripture; the wonderful book which is capable of 



resolving every mystery; I believe that we shall presently come to 



the solution of the evil eye。  'The sun shall not smite thee by 



day; nor the moon by night。' Ps。 cxxi。 v。 6。







Those who wish to avoid the evil eye; instead of trusting in 



charms; scrawls; and Rabbinical antidotes; let them never loiter in 



the sunshine before the king of day has nearly reached his bourn in 



the west; for the sun has an evil eye; and his glance produces 



brain fevers; and let them not sleep uncovered beneath the smile of 



the moon; for her glance is poisonous; and produces insupportable 



itching in the eye; and not unfrequently blindness。







The northern nations have a superstition which bears some 



resemblance to the evil eye; when allowance is made for 



circumstances。  They have no brilliant sun and moon to addle the 



brain and poison the eye; but the grey north has its marshes; and 



fenny ground; and fetid mists; which produce agues; low fevers; and 



moping madness; and are as fatal to cattle as to man。  Such 



disorders are attributed to elves and fairies。  This superstition 



still lingers in some parts of England under the name of elf…shot; 



whilst; throughout the north; it is called elle…skiod; and elle…



vild (fairy wild)。  It is particularly prevalent amongst shepherds 



and cow…herds; the people who; from their manner of life; are most 



exposed to the effects of the elf…shot。  Those who wish to know 



more of this superstition are referred to Thiele's … DANSKE 



FOLKESAGN; and to the notes of the KOEMPE…VISER; or popular Danish 



Ballads。












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