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the book of tea(画慕)-及8嫗

弌傍�� the book of tea(画慕) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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a hare scurried off at their approach。          ;Why does the hare fly from you�拭─�

asked   Hiakujo。      ;Because   he   is   afraid   of   me�察─  �was   the   answer。  ;No�察─�

said    the   master�察   �it  is  because    you    have   murderous      instinct。;    The 

dialogue recalls that of Soshi ��Chauntse���察�the Taoist。              One day Soshi was 

walking   on   the   bank   of   a   river with   a   friend。   ;How   delightfully   the 

fishes    are  enjoying     themselves     in  the   water� ─  �exclaimed      Soshi。    His 

friend spake to him thus�此 �You are not a fish�察�how do you know that the 

fishes are enjoying themselves�拭─            �You are not myself�察─�returned Soshi�察�

;how     do   you   know     that  I  do  not   know    that   the  fishes   are  enjoying 

themselves�拭─�

     Zen was often opposed to the precepts of orthodox Buddhism even as 

Taoism was opposed to Confucianism。                 To the transcendental insight of 

the Zen�察�words were but an           incumberance to thought�察�the whole sway of 

Buddhist      scriptures   only   commentaries       on   personal    speculation。     The 

followers   of   Zen   aimed   at   direct   communion   with   the   inner   nature   of 

things�察�regarding their outward accessories only as impediments to a clear 

perception of Truth。        It was this love of the Abstract that led the Zen to 

prefer   black   and   white   sketches   to   the   elaborately   coloured   paintings   of 

the classic Buddhist School。          Some of the Zen even became iconoclastic 

as a result of their endeavor to recognise the Buddha in themselves rather 

than through images and symbolism。              We find Tankawosho breaking up a 

wooden      statue   of   Buddha     on   a  wintry    day   to  make    a  fire。   ;What 

sacrilege� ─�said the horror´stricken bystander。            ;I wish to get the Shali out 



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of   the   ashes�察─  �camply   rejoined   the   Zen。   ;But   you   certainly   will   not   get 

Shali from this image� ─�was the angry retort�察�to which Tanka replied�察 �If I 

do not�察�this is certainly not a Buddha and I am committing no sacrilege。; 

Then he turned to warm himself over the kindling fire。 

     A special contribution of Zen to Easthern thought was its recognition 

of the mundane as of equal importance with the                 spiritual。    It held that in 

the great relation of things there was no distinction of small and great�察�an 

atom     posessing     equal   possibilites    with   the   universe。     The    seeker    for 

perfection must        discover in his own life        the reflection of the inner light。 

The organisation of the Zen monastery was very significant of this point of 

view。     To   every   member�察  �except   the   abbot�察  �was   assigned   some   special 

work   in   the   caretaking   of   the   monastery�察  �and   curiously   enough�察  �to   the 

novices was committed the lighter duties�察�while to the most respected and 

advanced   monks   were   given   the   more   irksome   and   menial   tasks。         Such 

services formed a part of the Zen discipline and every least action must be 

done absolutely perfectly。         Thus many a weighty discussion ensued while 

weeding the garden�察�paring a turnip�察�or serving tea。                 The whole ideal of 

Teaism   is   a   result   of   this   Zen   conception   of   greatness   in   the   smallest 

incidents of life。      Taoism furnished the basis for aesthetic ideals�察�Zennism 

made them practical。 



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                          IV。 The Tea´Room 



       To   European   architects   brought   up   on   the   traditions   of   stone   and 

brick    construction�察   �our   Japanese     method    of   building   with   wood     and 

bamboo seems scarcely worthy to be ranked as architecture。 It is but quite 

recently that a competent student of Western architecture has recognised 

and paid tribute to the remarkable perfection of our great temples。                   Such 

being the case as regards         our classic architecture�察�we could hardly expect 

the outsider to appreciate the subtle beauty of the tea´room�察�its principles 

of    construction and decoration being entirely different from those of the 

West。 

     The tea´room ��the Sukiya�� does not pretend to be other than a                    mere 

cottagea   straw   hut�察  �as   we   call   it。 The  original   ideographs   for   Sukiya 

mean   the Abode   of   Fancy。       Latterly   the   various   tea´masters   substituted 

various Chinese characters according to their conception of the tea´room�察�

and the term Sukiya may signify the Abode of Vacancy or the Abode of 

the Unsymmetrical。 It is an Abode of Fancy inasmuch as it is an ephemeral 

structure   built   to   house   a   poetic   impulse。   It   is   an   Abode   of   Vacancy 

inasmuch as it is devoid of ornamentation except for what may                   be placed 

in it to satisfy some aesthetic need of the moment。 It is an Abode of the 

Unsymmetrical         inasmuch     as   it  is  consecrated    to  the   worship     of  the 

Imperfect�察 �purposely  leaving some   thing           unfinished   for  the  play  of   the 

imagination to complete。          The     ideals of Teaism have since the sixteenth 

century     influenced     our   architecture    to  such    degree    that  the   ordinary 

Japanese interior of the present day�察�on account of the extreme simplicity 

and     chasteness      of   its  scheme     of  decoration�察    �appears    to   foreigners 

almost barren。 

     The    first  independent     tea´room   was     the  creation    of  Senno´Soyeki�察�

commonly   known   by   his   later   name   of   Rikiu�察  �the   greatest   of   all   tea´ 

masters�察  �who�察    �in  the   sixteenth   century�察  �under   the   patronage     of  Taiko´ 

Hideyoshi�察     �instituted    and   brought     to  a  high    state  of   perfection    the 

formalities   of   the   Tea´ceremony。       The   proportions   of   the   tea´room   had 

been previously determined by Jowoa famous tea´master of the fifteenth 



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century。     The early tea´room consisted merely of a portion of the ordinary 

drawing´room         partitioned    off  by   screens    for  the   purpose    of   the  tea´ 

gathering。 The portion partitioned off was called the Kakoi ��enclosure���察�a 

name still applied to those tea´rooms which are built into a house and are 

not    independent      constructions。     The     Sukiya    consists    of  the   tea´room 

proper�察  �designed   to   accomodate   not   more   than   five      persons�察  �a   number 

suggestive of the saying ;more than the Graces and less than the Muses�察─�

an   anteroom   ��midsuya��   where   the   tea   utensils   are   washed   and   arranged 

before   being   brought   in�察  �a   portico   ��machiai��   in   which   the   guests   wait 

until they receive the        summons to enter the tea´room�察�and a garden path 

��the roji�� which       connects the machiai with the tea´room。              The tea´room 

is unimpressive in appearance。           It is smaller than the smallest of Japanese 

houses�察�while the materials used in its construction are intended to give the 

suggestion of refined poverty。           Yet we must remember that all this is the 

result   of   profound   artistic    forethought�察  �and   that   the   details   have   been 

worked   out   with   care   perhaps   even   greater   than   that   expended   on   the 

building   of   the   richest   palaces   and   temples。    A  good   tea´room   is   more 

costly than an ordinary mansion�察�for the selection of its materials�察�as wel

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