record of buddhistic kingdoms-第20章

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ould　call　its　doctrine　that　of　〃The　Transrotation　of　Births。〃　See　Rhys　Davids'　third　Hibbert　Lecture。

＇23＇　Or；　more　according　to　the　phonetisation　of　the　text；　Vaidurya。　He　was　king　of　Kosala；　the　son　and　successor　of　Prasenajit；　and　the　destroyer　of　Kapilavastu；　the　city　of　the　Sakya　family。　His　hostility　to　the　Sakyas　is　sufficiently　established；　and　it　may　be　considered　as　certain　that　the　name　Shay…e；　which；　according　to　Julien's　〃Methode；〃　p。　89；　may　be　read　Chia…e；　is　the　same　as　Kia…e　（｛。｝　｛。｝）；　one　of　the　phonetisations　of　Kapilavastu；　as　given　by　Eitel。

＇24＇　This　would　be　the　interview　in　the　〃Life　of　the　Buddha〃　in　Trubner's　Oriental　Series；　p。　116；　when　Virudhaha　on　his　march　found　Buddha　under　an　old　sakotato　tree。　It　afforded　him　no　shade；　but　he　told　the　king　that　the　thought　of　the　danger　of　〃his　relatives　and　kindred　made　it　shady。〃　The　king　was　moved　to　sympathy　for　the　time；　and　went　back　to　Sravasti；　but　the　destruction　of　Kapilavastu　was　only　postponed　for　a　short　space；　and　Buddha　himself　acknowledged　it　to　be　inevitable　in　the　connexion　of　cause　and　effect。



CHAPTER　XXI

THE　THREE　PREDECESSORS　OF　SAKYAMUNI　IN　THE　BUDDHASHIP。

Fifty　le　to　the　west　of　the　city　bring　（the　traveller）　to　a　town　named　Too…wei；＇1＇　the　birthplace　of　Kasyapa　Buddha。＇1＇　At　the　place　where　he　and　his　father　met；＇2＇　and　at　that　where　he　attained　to　pari…nirvana；　topes　were　erected。　Over　the　entire　relic　of　the　whole　body　of　him；　the　Kasyapa　Tathagata；＇3＇　a　great　tope　was　also　erected。

Going　on　south…east　from　the　city　of　Sravasti　for　twelve　yojanas；　（the　travellers）　came　to　a　town　named　Na…pei…kea；＇4＇　the　birthplace　of　Krakuchanda　Buddha。　At　the　place　where　he　and　his　father　met；　and　at　that　where　he　attained　to　pari…nirvana；　topes　were　erected。　Going　north　from　here　less　than　a　yojana；　they　came　to　a　town　which　had　been　the　birthplace　of　Kanakamuni　Buddha。　At　the　place　where　he　and　his　father　met；　and　where　he　attained　to　pari…nirvana；　topes　were　erected。

NOTES

＇1＇　Identified；　as　Beal　says；　by　Cunningham　with　Tadwa；　a　village　nine　miles　to　the　west　of　Sahara…mahat。　The　birthplace　of　Kasyapa　Buddha　is　generally　thought　to　have　been　Benares。　According　to　a　calculation　of　Remusat；　from　his　birth　to　A。D。　1832　there　were　1；992；859　years！

＇2＇　It　seems　to　be　necessary　to　have　a　meeting　between　every　Buddha　and　his　father。　One　at　least　is　ascribed　to　Sakyamuni　and　his　father　（real　or　supposed）　Suddhodana。

＇3＇　This　is　the　highest　epithet　given　to　every　supreme　Buddha；　in　Chinese　｛。｝　｛。｝；　meaning；　as　Eitel；　p。　147　says；　〃/Sic　profectus　sum/。〃　It　is　equivalent　to　〃Rightful　Buddha；　the　true　successor　in　the　Supreme　Buddha　Line。〃　Hardy　concludes　his　account　of　the　Kasyapa　Buddha　（M。　B。；　p。　97）　with　the　following　sentence：〃After　his　body　was　burnt；　the　bones　still　remained　in　their　usual　position；　presenting　the　appearance　of　a　perfect　skeleton；　and　the　whole　of　the　inhabitants　of　Jambudvipa；　assembling　together；　erected　a　dagoba　over　his　relics　one　yojana　in　height！〃

＇4＇　Na…pei…kea　or　Nabhiga　is　not　mentioned　elsewhere。　Eitel　says　this　Buddha　was　born　at　the　city　of　Gan…ho　（｛。｝　｛。｝　｛。｝）　and　Hardy　gives　his　birthplace　as　Mekhala。　It　may　be　possible；　by　means　of　Sanskrit；　to　reconcile　these　statements。



CHAPTER　XXII

KAPILAVASTU。　ITS　DESOLATION。　LEGENDS　OF　BUDDHA'S　BIRTH；　AND　OTHER　INCIDENTS　IN　CONNEXION　WITH　IT。

Less　than　a　yojana　to　the　east　from　this　brought　them　to　the　city　of　Kapilavastu；＇1＇　but　in　it　there　was　neither　king　nor　people。　All　was　mound　and　desolation。　Of　inhabitants　there　were　only　some　monks　and　a　score　or　two　of　families　of　the　common　people。　At　the　spot　where　stood　the　old　palace　of　king　Suddhodana＇2＇　there　have　been　made　images　of　the　prince　（his　eldest　son）　and　his　mother；＇3＇　and　at　the　places　where　that　son　appeared　mounted　on　a　white　elephant　when　he　entered　his　mother's　womb；＇4＇　and　where　he　turned　his　carriage　round　on　seeing　the　sick　man　after　he　had　gone　out　of　the　city　by　the　eastern　gate；＇5＇　topes　have　been　erected。　The　places　（were　also　pointed　out）＇6＇　where　（the　rishi）　A…e＇7＇　inspected　the　marks　（of　Buddhaship　on　the　body）　of　the　heir…apparent　（when　an　infant）；　where；　when　he　was　in　company　with　Nanda　and　others；　on　the　elephant　being　struck　down　and　drawn　to　one　side；　he　tossed　it　away；＇8＇　where　he　shot　an　arrow　to　the　south…east；　and　it　went　a　distance　of　thirty　le；　then　entering　the　ground　and　making　a　spring　to　come　forth；　which　men　subsequently　fashioned　into　a　well　from　which　travellers　might　drink；＇9＇　where；　after　he　had　attained　to　Wisdom；　Buddha　returned　and　saw　the　king；　his　father；＇10＇　where　five　hundred　Sakyas　quitted　their　families　and　did　reverence　to　Upali＇11＇　while　the　earth　shook　and　moved　in　six　different　ways；　where　Buddha　preached　his　Law　to　the　devas；　and　the　four　deva　kings　and　others　kept　the　four　doors　（of　the　hall）；　so　that　（even）　the　king；　his　father；　could　not　enter；＇12＇　where　Buddha　sat　under　a　nyagrodha　tree；　which　is　still　standing；＇13＇　with　his　face　to　the　east；　and　（his　aunt）　Maja…prajapati　presented　him　with　a　Sanghali；＇14＇　and　（where）　king　Vaidurya　slew　the　seed　of　Sakya；　and　they　all　in　dying　became　Srotapannas。＇15＇　A　tope　was　erected　at　this　last　place；　which　is　still　existing。

Several　le　north…east　from　the　city　was　the　king's　field；　where　the　heir…apparent　sat　under　a　tree；　and　looked　at　the　ploughers。＇16＇

Fifty　le　east　from　the　city　was　a　garden；　named　Lumbini；＇17＇　where　the　queen　entered　the　pond　and　bathed。　Having　come　forth　from　the　pond　on　the　northern　bank；　after　（walking）　twenty　paces；　she　lifted　up　her　hand；　laid　hold　of　a　branch　of　a　tree；　and；　with　her　face　to　the　east；　gave　birth　to　the　heir…apparent。＇18＇　When　he　fell　to　the　ground；　he　（immediately）　walked　seven　paces。　Two　dragon…kings　（appeared）　and　washed　his　body。　At　the　place　where　they　did　so；　there　was　immediately　formed　a　well；　and　from　it；　as　well　as　from　the　above　pond；　where　（the　queen）　bathed；＇19＇　the　monks　（even）　now　constantly　take　the　water；　and　drink　it。

There　are　four　places　of　regular　and　fixed　occurrence　（in　the　history　of）　all　Buddhas：first；　the　place　where　they　attained　to　perfect　Wisdom　（and　became　Buddha）；　second；　the　place　where　they　turned　the　wheel　of　the　Law；＇20＇　third；　the　place　where　they　preached　the　Law；　discoursed　of　righteousness；　and　discomfited　（the　advocates　of）　erroneous　doctrines；　and　fourth；　the　place　where　they　came　down；　after　going　up　to　the　Trayatrimsas　heaven　to　preach　the　Law　for　the　benefit　of　their　mothers。　Other　places　in　connexion　with　them　became　remarkable；　according　to　the　manifestations　which　were　made　at　them　at　particular　times。

The　country　of　Kapilavastu　is　a　great　scene　of　empty　desolation。　The　inhabitants　are　few　and　far　between。　On　the　roads　people　have　to　be　on　their　guard　against　white　elephants＇21＇　and　lions；　and　should　not　travel　incautiously。

NOTES

＇1＇　Kapilavastu；　〃the　city　of　beautiful　virtue；〃　was　the　birthplace　of　Sakyamuni；　but　was　destroyed；　as　intimated　in　the　notes　on　last　chapter；　during　his　lifetime。　It　was　situated　a　short　distance　north…　west　of　the　present　Goruckpoor；　lat。　26d　46s　N。；　lon。　83d　19s　E。　Davids　says　（Manual；　p。　25）；　〃It　was　on　the　banks　of　the　river　Rohini；　the　modern　Kohana；　about　100　miles　north…west　of　the　city　of　Benares。〃

＇2＇　The　father；　or　supposed　father；　of　Sakyamuni。　He　is　here　called　〃the　king　white　and　pure〃　（｛。｝　｛。｝　｛。｝）。　A　more　common　appellation　is　〃the　king　of　pure　rice〃　（｛。｝　｛。｝　｛。｝）；〃　but　the　character　｛。｝；　or　〃rice；〃　must　be　a　mistake　for　｛。｝；　〃Brahman；〃　and　the　appellation=　〃Pure　Brahman　king。〃

＇3＇　The　〃eldest　son；〃　or　〃prince〃　was　Sakyamuni；　and　his　mother　had　no　other　son。　For　〃his　mother；〃　see　chap。　xvii；　note　3。　She　was　a　daughter　of　Anjana　or　Anusakya；　king　of　the　neighbouring　country　of　Koli；　and　Yasodhara；　an　aunt　of　Suddhodana。　There　appear　to　have　been　various　intermarriages　between　the　royal　houses　of　Kapila　and　Koli。

＇4＇　In　〃The　Life　of　the　Buddha；〃　p。　15；　we　read　that　〃Buddha　was　now　in　the　Tushita　heaven；　and　knowing　that　his　time　was　come　（the　time　for　his　last　rebirth　in　the　course　of　which　he　would　become　Buddha）；　he　made　the　necessary　examinations；　and　having　decided　that　Maha…maya　was　the　right　mother；　in　the　midnight　watch　he　en