the origins of contemporary france-5-第12章

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we　have　only　to　refer　to　the　resignation　of　Louis；　the　retirement　of

Lucien；　and　the　resistances　of　Fesch；　they　alone　could　stem　the　will

of　Napoleon　and　sometimes　break　a　lance　with　him。　…Passion；

sensuality；　the　habit　of　considering　themselves　outside　of　rules；　and

self…confidence　combined　with　talent；　super　abound　among　the　women；　as

in　the　fifteenth　century。　　Elisa；　in　Tuscany；　had　a　vigorous　brain；

was　high　spirited　and　a　genuine　sovereign；　notwithstanding　the

disorders　of　her　private　life；　in　which　even　appearances　were　not

sufficiently　maintained。〃　Caroline　at　Naples；　〃without　being　more

scrupulous　than　her　sisters；〃　better　observed　the　proprieties；　none　of

the　others　so　much　resembled　the　Emperor；　〃with　her；　all　tastes

succumbed　to　ambition〃；　it　was　she　who　advised　and　prevailed　upon　her

husband；　Murat；　to　desert　Napoleon　in　1814。　　As　to　Pauline；　the　most

beautiful　woman　of　her　epoch；　〃no　wife；　since　that　of　the　Emperor

Claude；　surpassed　her　in　the　use　she　dared　make　of　her　charms；　nothing

could　stop　her；　not　even　a　malady　attributed　to　the　strain　of　this

life…style　and　for　which　we　have　so　often　seen　her　borne　in　a　litter。〃

…　Jerome；　〃　in　spite　of　the　uncommon　boldness　of　his　debaucheries；

maintained　his　ascendancy　over　his　wife　to　the　last。〃　…　On　the

〃pressing　efforts　and　attempts〃　of　Joseph　on　Maria　Louise　in　1814；

Chancelier　Pasquier；　　after　Savary's　papers　and　the　evidence　of　M。　de

Saint…Aignan；　gives　extraordinary　details。　　…　〃Mes　souvenirs　sur

Napoléon；　346；　by　the　count　Chaptal：　〃Every　member　of　this　numerous

family　（Jér？me；　Louis；　Joseph；　the　Bonaparte　sisters）　mounted　thrones

as　if　they　had　recovered　so　much　property。〃



＇43＇　Burkhardt；　〃Die　Renaissance　in　Italien；〃　passim。　…　Stendhal；

〃Histoire　de　la　peinture　en　Italie〃（introduction）；　and〃　Rome；　Naples；

et　Florence；〃　passim。　…　〃　Notes　par　le　Comte　Chaptal〃：　When　these

notes　are　published；　many　details　will　be　found　in　them　in　support　of

the　judgment　expressed　in　this　and　the　following　chapters。　　The

psychology　of　Napoleon　as　here　given　is　largely　confirmed　by　them。



＇44＇　Roederer；　III；　380　（1802）。



＇45＇　　Napoleon　uses　the　French　word　just　which　means　both　fair；

justifiable；　pertinent；　correct；　and　in　music　true。



＇46＇　〃Mémorial。〃



＇47＇　De　Pradt；　〃Histoire　de　l'Ambassade　dans　la　grande…duché　de

Varsovie　en　1812；〃　preface；　p。　　X；　and　5。



＇48＇　Roederer；　III。；　544　（February　24；　1809）。　　Cf。　　Meneval；　〃Napoléon

et　Marie…Louise；　souvenirs　historiques；〃　I。；　210…213。



＇49＇　Pelet　de　la　Lozère；〃　Opinions　de　Napoléon　au　conseil　d'état；〃

p。8。　　…　Roederer；　III。；　380。



＇50＇　Mollien；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　379；　II。；　230。…Roederer；　III。；　434。　　〃He

is　at　the　head　of　all　things。　　He　governs；　administrates；　negotiates；

works　eighteen　hours　a　day；　with　the　clearest　and　best　organized　head；

he　has　governed　more　in　three　years　than　kings　in　a　hundred　years。〃　…

Lavalette；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。；　75。　　（The　words　of　Napoleon's　secretary　on

Napoleon's　labor　in　Paris；　after　Leipsic）　　〃He　retires　at　eleven；　but

gets　up　at　three　o'clock　in　the　morning；　and　until　the　evening　there

is　not　a　moment　he　does　not　devote　to　work。　　It　is　time　this　stopped；

for　he　will　be　used　up；　and　myself　before　he　is。〃…　Gaudin；　Duc　de

Ga？te；　〃Mémoires；〃　III。　　（supplement）；　p。75。　　Account　of　an　evening　in

which；　from　eight　o'clock　to　three　in　the　morning；　Napoleon　examines

with　Gaudin　his　general　budget；　during　seven　consecutive　hours；

without　stopping　a　minute。　　…Sir　Neil　Campbell；　〃Napoléon　at

Fontainebleau　and　at　Elbe；〃　p。243。　　〃Journal　de　Sir　Neil　Campbell　a'

l'ile　d'Elbe〃：　　I　never　saw　any　man；　in　any　station　in　life；　so

personally　active　and　so　persistent　in　his　activity。　　He　seems　to　take

pleasure　in　perpetual　motion　and　in　seeing　those　who　accompany　him

completely　tired　out；　which　frequently　happened　in　my　case　when　I

accompanied　him。　。　　　。　　Yesterday；　after　having　been　on　his　legs　from

eight　in　the　morning　to　three　in　the　afternoon；　visiting　the　frigates

and　transports；　even　to　going　down　to　the　lower　compartments　among　the

horses；　he　rode　on　horseback　for　three　hours；　and；　as　he　afterwards

said　to　me；　to　rest　himself。〃



＇51＇　The　starting…point　of　the　great　discoveries　of　Darwin　is　the

physical；　detailed　description　he　made　in　his　study　of　animals　and

plants；　as　living；　during　the　whole　course　of　life；　through　so　many

difficulties　and　subject　to　a　fierce　competition。　　This　study　is

wholly　lacking　in　the　ordinary　zoologist　or　botanist；　whose　mind　is

busy　only　with　anatomical　preparations　or　collections　of　plants。　　　In

every　science；　the　difficulty　lies　in　describing　in　a　nutshell；　using

significant　examples；　the　real　object；　just　as　it　exists　before　us；

and　its　true　history。　　Claude　Bernard　one　day　remarked　to　me；　〃We

shall　know　physiology　when　we　are　able　to　follow　step　by　step　a

molecule　of　carbon　or　azote　in　the　body　of　a　dog；　give　its　history；

and　describe　its　passage　from　its　entrance　to　its　exit。〃



＇52＇　Thibaudeau；　〃Mémoires　sur　le　Consulat；〃　204。　　（Apropos　of　the

tribunate）：　〃They　consist　of　a　dozen　or　fifteen　metaphysicians　who

ought　to　be　flung　into　the　water；　they　crawl　all　over　me　like　vermin。



＇53＇　Madame　de　Rémusat；　I。；　115：　〃He　is　really　ignorant；　having　read

very　little　and　always　hastily。〃　…　Stendhal；　〃Mémoires　sur　Napoleon〃：

〃　His　education　was　very　defective。　　。　　。　　。He　knew　nothing　of　the

great　principles　discovered　within　the　past　one　hundred　years；〃　and

just　those　which　concern　man　or　society。　　〃For　example；　he　had　not

read　Montesquieu　as　this　writer　ought　to　be　read；　that　is　to　say；　in　a

way　to　accept　or　decidedly　reject　each　of　the　thirty…one　books　of　the

'Esprit　des　lois。'　He　had　not　thus　read　Bayle's　Dictionary　nor　the

Essay　on　the　Wealth　of　Nations　by　Adam　Smith。　　This　ignorance　of　the

Emperor's　was　not　perceptible　in　conversation；　and　first；　because　he

led　in　conversation；　and　next　because　with　Italian　finesse　no　question

put　by　him；　or　careless　supposition　thrown　out；　ever　betrayed　that

ignorance。〃　…　Bourrienne。　　I。；　19；　21：　At　Brienne；　〃unfortunately　for

us；　the　monks　to　whom　the　education　of　youth　was　confided　knew

nothing；　and　were　too　poor　to　pay　good　foreign　teachers。　　。　　。　　。　　It

is　inconceivable　how　any　capable　man　ever　graduated　from　this

educational　institution。〃　　…　Yung；　I。；　125　（Notes　made　by　him　on

Bonaparte；　when　he　left　the　Military　Academy）：　〃Very　fond　of　the

abstract　sciences；　indifferent　to　others；　well　grounded　in　mathematics

and　geography。〃



＇54＇　Roederer；　III。；　544　（March　6；　1809）；　26；　563　（Jan。　　23；　1811；　and

Nov。　　12；　1813）。



＇55＇　Mollien；　I。；　348　（a　short　time　before　the　rupture　of　the　peace　of

Amiens）；　III。；　16：　〃It　was　at　the　end　of　January；　1809；　that　he　wanted

a　full　report　of　the　financial　situation　on　the　31st　of　December；　1808

。　　。　　。　　。　　This　report　was　to　be　ready　in　two　days。〃　…　III。；　34：　〃A

complete　balance　sheet　of　the　public　treasury　for　the　first　six　months

of　1812　was　under　Napoleon's　eyes　at　Witebsk；　the　11th　of　August；

eleven　days　after　the　close　of　these　first　six　months。　　What　is　truly

wonderful　is；　that　amidst　so　many　different　occupations　and

preoccupations　。　　。　　。　　。　　he　could　preserve　such　an　accurate　run　of

the　proceedings　and　methods　of　the　administrative　branches　about　which

he　wanted　to　know　at　any　moment。　　Nobody　had　any　excuse　for　not

answering　him；　for　each　was　questioned　in　his　own　terms；　it　is　that

singular　aptitude　of　the　head　of　the　State；　and　the　technical

precision　of　his　questions；　which　alone　explains　how　he　could　maintain

such　a　remarkable　ensemble　in　an　administrative　system　of　which　the

smallest　threads　centered　in　himself。〃



＇56＇　　200　years　after　the　death　of　Napoleon　Sir　Alfred　Ayer　thus

writes　in　〃LANGUAGE；　TRUTH　AND　LOGIC〃：　'Actually；　we　shall　see　that

the　only　test　to　which　a　form　of　scientific　procedure　which　satisfies

the　necessary　condition　of　self…consistency　is　subject；　is　the　test　of

its　success　in　practice。