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第69章

the origins of contemporary france-5-第69章

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'93' Treaty between the Pope and the French government; July '5; 1801。

Ratifications exchanged September 1; 1801; and published with its

articles April 8; 1802。 … Article 13。



'94' Ibid。; article 14。



'95' Articles organiques; 64; 65; 66。



'96' Law of November 30; 1809; and opinion of the Council of State;

May 19; 1811。



'97' Articles organiques; 68。



'98' Articles organiques; 71; 72。 … Concordat; article 12。 … Law

passed July 26; 1803。



'99' Councils of laymen entrusted with the administration of parish

incomes。



'100' Law of December 30; 1809; articles 39; 92 and following

articles; 105 and following articles。



'101' Law of September 15; 1807; title IX。



'102' Concordat; article 15。 … Articles organiques; 73。



'103' Alexis Chevalier; 〃les Frères des écoles chrétiennes et

l'Enseignement primaire après la révolution;〃 passim。 (Act of

Vendémiare 24 and Prairial 28; year XI; and Frimiaire II; year XII;

laws of May 14; 1806; March 7; 1808; February 17; 1809; Dec。 26;

1810。)



'104' Alexis Chevalier; ibid。; 189。



'105' Ibid。; p。185 sequitur。 (Decision of Aug。 8; 1803; of March 25;

of May 30; 1806。)



'106' Decree of June 22; 1804 (articles I and 4)。 … 〃Consultation sur

les decrets du 29 Mars 1880;〃 by Edmond Rousse; p。32。 (Out of 54

communities; there were two of men; the 〃Pères du tiers…ordre de

Saint…Fran?ois〃 and the priests of 〃la Miséricorde;〃 one founded in

1806 and the other in 1808。)



'107' 〃Mémorial de Sainte…Héléne。〃 Napoleon adds〃 that an empire like

France may and must have some refuge for maniacs called Trappists。〃 …

Pelet de la Lozère; p。208。 (Session of the council of state; May 22;

1804。) 〃My intention is to have the house of foreign missions

restored; these monks will be of great use to me in Asia; Africa; and

America。 。 。 。 I will give them a capital of 15;000 francs a year to

begin with。 。 。 。 I shall also re…establish the 'Sisters of Charity;'

I have already had them put in possession of their old buildings。 I

think it necessary also; whatever may be said of it; to re…establish

the 'Ignorantins。' 〃



'108' Roederer; III。; 481。 (Sénatorerie of Caen; Germinal 17; year

XIII。) Constant lamentations of bishops and most of the priests he has

met。 〃A poor curé; an unfortunate curé; 。 。 。  The bishop invites you

to dinner; to partake of the poor cheer of an unfortunate bishop on

12;000 francs salary。〃  … The episcopal palaces are superb; but their

furniture is that of a village curé; one can scarcely find a chair in

the finest room。 … 〃The officiating priests have not yet found a fixed

salary in any commune。 。 。 。 The peasants ardently longed for their

usual mass and Sunday service as in the past; but to pay for this is

another thing。〃



'109' Decrees of May 31 and Dec。 26; 1804; assigning to the Treasury

the salaries of 24;000 and then 30;000 assistant…priests。



'110' Charles Nicolas; 〃le Budget de la France depuis le commencement

du XIXe siecle;〃 appropriation in 1807; 12;341;537 francs。



'111' Decrees of Prairial 2; year XII; Niv?se 5。 year XIII; and Sep。

30; 1807。 … Decree of Dec。 30; 1809 (articles 37; 39; 40; 49 and ch。

IV。)… … Opinion of the council of state; May 19; 1811。



'112' These are limited (articles organiques; 5): 〃All ecclesiastical

functions are gratuitous except the authorized oblations fixed by the

regulations。〃



'113' Articles organiques; 73。



'114' Ibid。; 74: 〃 Real property other than dwellings with their

adjoining gardens; shall not be held under ecclesiastical titles or

possessed by ministers of worship by reason of their functions。〃



'115' Opinion of the Council of State; January 22; 1805; on the

question whether the communes have become owners of the churches and

parsonages abandoned to them by the law of Germinal 18; year X

(articles organiques)。 … The Council of State is of the opinion that

〃the said churches and parsonages must be considered as communal

property。〃 If the State renounces ownership in these buildings it is

not in favor of the fabrique; curé or bishop; but in favor of the

commune。



'116' In 1790 and 1791 a number of communes had made offers for

national property with a view to re…sell it afterwards; and much of

this; remaining unsold; was on their hands。



'117' Articles organiques; 26。 〃The bishops will make no ordination

before submitting the number of persons to the government for its

acceptance。〃



'118' 〃Archives de Grenoble。〃 (Documents communicated by Mdlle。 de

Franclieu。) Letter of the bishop; Monseigneur Claude Simon; to the

Minister of Worship; April 18; 1809。 〃For seven years that I have been

bishop of Grenoble; I have ordained thus far only eight priests;

during this period I have lost at least one hundred and fifty。 The

survivors threaten me with a more rapid gap; either they are infirm;

bent with the weight of years; or wearied or overworked。 It is

therefore urgent that I be authorized to confer sacred orders on those

who are old enough and have the necessary instruction。 Meanwhile; you

are limited to asking authorization for the first eight on the

aforesaid list; of whom the youngest is twenty…four。 。 。 。 I beg Your

Excellency to present the others on this list for the authorization of

His Imperial Majesty。〃 … Ibid。; October 6; 1811。 〃I have only one

deacon and one subdeacon; whilst I am losing three or four priests

monthly。〃



'119' Articles organiques; 68; 69。 〃The pensions enjoyed by the curés

by virtue of the laws of the constituent assembly shall be deducted

from their salary。 The vicars and assistants shall be taken from the

pensioned ecclesiastics according to the laws of the constituent

assembly。 The amount of these pensions and the product of oblations

shall constitute their salary。〃



'120' Laws of Vendémiaire 16; year V; and Vent?se 20; year V。。



'121' Decree of Nov。 6; 1800。



'122' Decisions of February 23; 1801; and June 26; 1801。 (We find;

through subsequent decisions; that these recoveries were frequently

effected。)



'123' Law of Frimaire 7; year V (imposing one decime per franc above

the cost of a ticket in every theatre for the benefit of the poor not

in the asylums)。 … Also the decree of Dec。 9; 1809。 … Decisions of

Vendémiaire 27; year VII; and the restoration of the Paris octroi;

〃considering that the distress of the civil asylums and the

interruption of succor at domiciles admit of no further delay。〃 … Also

the law of Frimaire 19; year VIII; with the addition of 2 decimes per

franc to the octroi duties; established for the support of the asylums

of the commune of Paris。 … Paul Leroy…Beaulieu; 〃Traité de la science

des finances;〃 I。; 685。 Many towns follow this example: 〃Two years had

scarcely passed when there were 293 Octrois in France。〃



'124' Law of Messidor 25; year V。 … Alexis Chevalier; ibid。; p。 185。

(Decisions of Thermidor 20; year XI; and Germinal 4; year XIII。) … Law

of Dec。。 11; 1808 (article 1。)



'125' Albert Duruy; 〃l'Instruction publique et la Révolution;〃 p。480

et seq。 (〃Procès…verbaux des conseils…généraux de l'an IX;〃 among

others; the petitions from Gironde; Ile…et…Vilaine; Maine…et…Loire;

Puy。de…D?me; Haute…Sa?ne; Haute Vienne; la Manche; Lot…et…Garonne;

Sarthe; Aisne; Aude; C?te…d'Or; Pas…de…Calais; BassePyrénées;

Pyrénées…Orienta1es; and Lot。)



'126' Alexis Chevalier; ibid。; p。 182。 (According to statistical

returns of the parent establishment; rue Oudinot。 … These figures are

probably too low。)



'127' 〃Recueil des lois et réglemens sur l'enseignement supérieur;〃 by

A。 de Beauchamp; I。; 65。 (Report by Fourcroy; April 20; 1802。) 〃Old

schools; since the suppression of upper schools and universities; have

taken a new extension; and a pretty large number of private

institutions have been formed for the literary education of the

young。〃



'128' Ibid。; 65 and 71。 (Report by Fourcroy。) 〃As to the primary

schools;

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