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      as the soul�察�and reckon it no better than a beast's�此�thus they are 


      far from looking on such men as fit for human society�察�or to be 


      citizens of a well´ordered commonwealth�察�since a man of such 


      principles must needs�察�as oft as he dares do it�察�despise all their 


      laws and customs�此�for there is no doubt to be made that a man who 


      is afraid of nothing but the law�察�and apprehends nothing after 


      death�察�will not scruple to break through all the laws of his 


      country�察�either by fraud or force�察�when by this means he may 


      satisfy his appetites。 They never raise any that hold these 


      maxims�察�either to honors or offices�察�nor employ them in any public 


      trust�察�but despise them�察�as men of base and sordid minds�此�yet they 


      do not punish them�察�because they lay this down as a maxim that a 


      man cannot make himself believe anything he pleases�察�nor do they 


      drive any to dissemble their thoughts by threatenings�察�so that men 


      are not tempted to lie or disguise their opinions�察�which being a 


      sort of fraud�察�is abhorred by the Utopians。 They take care indeed 


      to prevent their disputing in defence of these opinions�察�


      especially before the common people�察�but they suffer�察�and even 


      encourage them to dispute concerning them in private with their 


      priests and other grave men�察�being confident that they will be 


      cured of those mad opinions by having reason laid before them。





      There are many among them that run far to the other extreme�察�


      though it is neither thought an ill nor unreasonable opinion�察�and 


      therefore is not at all discouraged。 They think that the souls of 


      beasts are immortal�察�though far inferior to the dignity of the 


      human soul�察�and not capable of so great a happiness。 They are 


      almost all of them very firmly persuaded that good men will be 


      infinitely happy in another state�察�so that though they are 


      compassionate to all that are sick�察�yet they lament no man's 


      death�察�except they see him loth to depart with life�察�for they look 


      on this as a very ill presage�察�as if the soul�察�conscious to itself 


      of guilt�察�and quite hopeless�察�was afraid to leave the body�察�from 


      some secret hints of approaching misery。 They think that such a 


      man's appearance before God cannot be acceptable to him�察�who being 


      called on�察�does not go out cheerfully�察�but is backward and 


      unwilling�察�and is�察�as it were�察�dragged to it。 They are struck with 


      horror when they see any die in this manner�察�and carry them out in 


      silence and with sorrow�察�and praying God that he would be merciful 


      to the errors of the departed soul�察�they lay the body in the 


      ground�察�but when any die cheerfully�察�and full of hope�察�they do not 


      mourn for them�察�but sing hymns when they carry out their bodies�察�


      and commending their souls very earnestly to God�此�their whole 


      behavior is then rather grave than sad�察�they burn the body�察�and 


      set up a pillar where the pile was made�察�with an inscription to 


      the honor of the deceased。





      When they come from the funeral�察�they discourse of his good life 


      and worthy actions�察�but speak of nothing oftener and with more 


      pleasure than of his serenity at the hour of death。 They think 


      such respect paid to the memory of good men is both the greatest 


      incitement to engage others to follow their example�察�and the most 


      acceptable worship that can be offered them�察�for they believe that 


      though by the imperfection of human sight they are invisible to 


      us�察�yet they are present among us�察�and hear those discourses that 


      pass concerning themselves。 They believe it inconsistent with the 


      happiness of departed souls not to be at liberty to be where they 


      will�察�and do not imagine them capable of the ingratitude of not 


      desiring to see those friends with whom they lived on earth in the 


      strictest bonds of love and kindness�此�besides they are persuaded 


      that good men after death have these affections and all other good 


      dispositions increased rather than diminished�察�and therefore 


      conclude that they are still among the living�察�and observe all 


      they say or do。 From hence they engage in all their affairs with 


      the greater confidence of success�察�as trusting to their 


      protection�察�while this opinion of the presence of their ancestors 


      is a restraint that prevents their engaging in ill designs。





      They despise and laugh at auguries�察�and the other vain and 


      superstitious ways of divination�察�so much observed among other 


      nations�察�but have great reverence for such miracles as cannot flow 


      from any of the powers of nature�察�and look on them as effects and 


      indications of the presence of the Supreme Being�察�of which they 


      say many instances have occurred among them�察�and that sometimes 


      their public prayers�察�which upon great and dangerous occasions 


      they have solemnly put up to God�察�with assured confidence of being 


      heard�察�have been answered in a miraculous manner。





      They think the contemplating God in His works�察�and the adoring Him 


      for them�察�is a very acceptable piece of worship to Him。





      There are many among them�察�that upon a motive of religion neglect 


      learning�察�and apply themselves to no sort of study�察�nor do they 


      allow themselves any leisure time�察�but are perpetually employed。 


      believing that by the good things that a man does he secures to 


      himself that happiness that comes after death。 Some of these visit 


      the sick�察�others mend highways�察�cleanse ditches�察�repair bridges�察�


      or dig turf�察�gravel�察�or stones。 Others fell and cleave timber�察�and 


      bring wood�察�corn�察�and other necessaries on carts into their towns。 


      Nor do these only serve the public�察�but they serve even private 


      men�察�more than the slaves themselves do�察�for if there is anywhere 


      a rough�察�hard�察�and sordid piece of work to be done�察�from which 


      many are frightened by the labor and loathsomeness of it�察�if not 


      the despair of accomplishing it�察�they cheerfully�察�and of their own 


      accord�察�take that to their share�察�and by that means�察�as they ease 


      others very much�察�so they afflict themselves�察�and spend their 


      whole life in hard labor�察�and yet they do not value themselves 


      upon this�察�nor lessen other people's credit to raise their own�察�


      but by their stooping to such servile employments�察�they are so far 


      from being despised�察�that they are so much the more esteemed by 


      the whole nation





      Of these there are two sorts�察�some live unmarried and chaste�察�and 


      abstain from eating any sort of flesh�察�and thus weaning themselves 


      from all the pleasures of the present life�察�which they account 


      hurtful�察�they pursue�察�even by the hardest and painfullest methods 


      possible�察�that blessedness which they hope for hereafter�察�and the 


      nearer they approach to it�察�they are the more cheerful and earnest 


      in their endeavors after it。 Another sort of them is less willing 


      to put themselves to much toil�察�and therefore prefer a married 


      state to a single one�察�and as they do not deny themselves the 


      pleasure of it�察�so they think the begetting of children is a debt 


      which they owe to human nature and to their country�察�nor do they 


      avoid any pleasure that does not hinder labor�察�and therefore eat 


      flesh so much the more willingly�察�as they find that by this means 


      they are the more able to wor

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