the moravians in georgia-第40章

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in　due　time；　and　all　were　among　those　who　organized　that　congregation。　David　Zeisberger；　Sr。；　died　there　in　1744；　his　wife　in　1746。　Anton　Seifert　was　appointed　Elder；　or　Pastor　of　the　Bethlehem　Congregation；　married；　and　took　an　active　part　in　the　Church　and　School　work　there　and　at　Nazareth；　the　latter　tract　having　been　purchased　from　Whitefield　in　1741。　　April　8th；　1745；　he　sailed　for　Europe；　laboring　in　England；　Ireland　and　Holland；　and　dying　at　Zeist　in　1785。

John　Martin　Mack　became　one　of　the　leaders　of　the　Moravian　Church　in　its　Mission　work　among　the　Indians　in　New　York；　Connecticut　and　Ohio　until　1760；　when　he　was　sent　to　the　negro　slaves　on　St。　Thomas；　preaching　also　on　St。　Croix　and　St。　Jan；　and　the　English　West　Indies。　He　was　ordained　to　the　ministry　November　13th；　1742；　and　was　consecrated　bishop　October　18th；　1770；　during　a　visit　to　Pennsylvania；　this　being　the　first　Episcopal　consecration　in　the　American　Province　of　the　Moravian　Church。　　He　was　married　four　times；　his　last　wife　passing　away　two　years　before　his　departure。　　He　died　June　9th；　1784；　and　was　buried　in　the　presence　of　a　great　concourse　of　people；　　negro　converts；　planters；　government　officers　and　the　Governor…General。

David　Zeisberger；　Jr。；　lived　a　life　so　abundant　in　labors；　so　picturesque　in　experiences　that　a　brief　outline　utterly　fails　to　give　any　conception　of　it。　　〃The　apostle　of　the　Western　Indians　traversed　Massachusetts　and　Connecticut；　New　York；　Pennsylvania　and　Ohio；　entered　Michigan　and　Canada；　preaching　to　many　nations　in　many　tongues。　He　brought　the　Gospel　to　the　Mohicans　and　Wampanoags；　to　the　Nanticokes　and　Shawanese；　to　the　Chippewas；　Ottowas　and　Wyandots；　to　the　Unamis；　Unalachtgos　and　Monseys　of　the　Delaware　race；　to　the　Onondagas；　Cayugas　and　Senecas　of　the　Six　Nations。　Speaking　the　Delaware　language　fluently；　as　well　as　the　Mohawk　and　Onondaga　dialects　of　the　Iroquois；　familiar　with　the　Cayuga　and　other　tongues；　an　adopted　sachem　of　the　Six　Nations；　naturalized　among　the　Monseys　by　a　formal　act　of　the　tribe；　swaying　for　a　number　of　years　the　Grand　Council　of　the　Delawares；　at　one　time　Keeper　of　the　Archives　of　the　Iroquois　Confederacy；　versed　in　the　customs　of　the　aborigines；　adapting　himself　to　their　mode　of　thought；　and；　by　long　habit；　a　native　in　many　of　his　ways；　　no　Protestant　missionary　and　few　men　of　any　other　calling；　ever　exercised　more　real　influence　and　was　more　sincerely　honored　among　the　Indians；　and　no　one；　except　the　Catholic　evangelists；　with　whom　the　form　of　baptism　was　the　end　of　their　work；　exceeded　him　in　the　frequency　and　hardships　of　his　journeys　through　the　wilderness；　the　numbers　whom　he　received　into　the　Church　of　Christ；　and　brought　to　a　consistent　practice　of　Christianity；　and　conversion　of　characters　most　depraved；　ferocious　and　desperate。〃　〃Nor　must　we　look　upon　Zeisberger　as　a　missionary　only；　he　was　one　of　the　most　notable　pioneers　of　civilization　our　country　has　ever　known。　　*　*　*　　Thirteen　villages　sprang　up　at　his　bidding；　where　native　agents　prepared　the　way　for　the　husbandman　and　the　mechanic　of　the　coming　race。〃　〃He　was　not　only　bold　in　God；　fearless　and　full　of　courage；　but　also　lowly　of　heart；　meek　of　spirit；　never　thinking　highly　of　himself。　Selfishness　was　unknown　to　him。　　His　heart　poured　out　a　stream　of　love　to　his　fellowmen。　　In　a　word；　his　character　was　upright；　honest；　loving　and　noble；　as　free　from　faults　as　can　be　expected　of　any　man　this　side　of　the　grave。〃*

　*　〃Life　and　Times　of　David　Zeisberger〃；　by　Rt。　Rev。　Edmund　de　Schweinitz。　

He　died　at　Goshen；　Ohio；　Nov。　17th；　1808；　having　labored　among　the　Indians　for　sixty　years。

Like　Spangenberg；　Peter　Boehler's　story　belongs　to　the　whole　Moravian　Church；　rather　than　to　the　Georgia　colony。　　His　time　was　divided　between　England　and　America；　in　both　of　which　spheres　he　labored　most　successfully。　　Jan。　10th；　1748；　he　was　consecrated　bishop　at　Marienborn；　Germany。　　After　Zinzendorf's　death　he　helped　frame　the　new　Church　constitution；　and　in　1769　was　elected　to　the　governing　board　of　the　entire　Unitas　Fratrum。　　He　died　in　London；　April　20th；　1774；　having　been　there　for　a　year　on　a　visitation　to　the　English　congregations　of　the　Moravian　Church。




Chapter　VII。　　Conclusion。



　　Later　Attempts　in　Georgia。

　　　　　　　　　　　　1740。

May　18th；　1740；　John　Hagen　arrived　in　Savannah。　　He　had　come　over　intending　to　go　as　missionary　to　the　Cherokees；　and　his　disappointment　in　finding　that　the　Moravians　had　abandoned　Georgia　is　another　example　of　the　enormous　difficulty　under　which　mission　work　was　conducted　in　those　days；　when　the　most　momentous　events　might　transpire　months　before　the　authorities　at　home　could　be　apprised　of　them。

Hagen　had　become　very　ill　on　the　way　from　Charleston　to　Savannah；　and　with　none　of　his　own　people　to　turn　to　he　bethought　himself　of　Whitefield's　offers　of　friendship；　and　went　to　his　house。　He　was　kindly　received　by　those　who　were　living　there；　and　though　he　went　down　to　the　gates　of　death　the　portals　did　not　open；　and　he　rapidly　regained　his　health。

Visiting　Irene　he　found　only　a　few　Indian　women；　for　Tomochichi　was　dead；　and　the　men　were　all　on　the　warpath。　　The　opportunity　of　going　to　the　Cherokees　seemed　very　doubtful；　for　there　were　none　living　nearer　than　three　hundred　miles；　and　distances　looked　much　greater　in　the　Georgia　forests　than　in　his　own　populous　Germany。　So　he　concluded　to　accept　the　kind　offers　of　Whitefield's　household；　and　stay　with　them；　making　himself　useful　in　the　garden；　and　doing　such　religious　work　as　he　was　able。　　Several　Germans　living　in　the　town；　who　had　learned　to　like　the　Moravians；　asked　him　to　hold　services　for　them；　to　which　he　gladly　agreed。

He　was　much　pleased　with　the　prospect　for　work　in　Savannah；　where　the　people　had　been　greatly　stirred　by　Whitefield's　preaching；　and　he　wrote　to　Herrnhut　urging　that　two　married　couples　be　sent　to　help　reap　the　harvest；　a　request　warmly　seconded　by　Whitefield；　who　had　returned　to　Savannah　on　June　16th。　　Whitefield　reported　the　Moravians　busily　engaged　in　erecting　a　Negro　school…house　for　him　in　Pennsylvania；　and　told　Hagen　he　would　like　to　have　the　two　couples　come　to　assist　him　in　carrying　out　his　large　plans　for　Georgia。

But　by　the　14th　of　August　this　invitation　had　been　withdrawn；　Hagen　had　left　Whitefield's　house；　and　had　been　refused　work　on　Whitefield's　plantation；　for　fear　that　he　might　contaminate　the　Whitefield　converts。　The　trouble　arose　over　a　discussion　on　Predestination；　　not　the　first　or　last　time　this　has　happened；　　and　the　two　men　found　themselves　utterly　at　variance；　for　Whitefield　held　the　extreme　Calvinistic　view；　while　Hagen　argued　that　all　men　who　would　might　be　saved。　　Hagen　therefore　went　to　the　home　of　John　Brownfield；　who　shared　his　views；　and　made　him　very　welcome；　and　from　there　carried　on　his　work　among　the　residents　of　Savannah　and　Purisburg。

Whitefield　returned　to　Pennsylvania　in　November；　1740；　nursing　his　wrath　against　Hagen；　and　finding　Boehler　to　be　of　the　same　mind；　he　peremptorily　ordered　the　Moravians　to　leave　his　land。　　Neighbors　interfered；　and　cried　shame　on　him　for　turning　the　little　company　adrift　in　the　depth　of　winter；　and　he　finally　agreed　to　let　them　stay　for　a　while　in　the　log　cabin　which　was　sheltering　them　while　they　were　building　the　large　stone　house。　　The　opportune　arrival　of　Bishop　Nitschmann　and　his　company；　and　the　purchase　of　the　Bethlehem　tract；　soon　relieved　them　from　their　uncomfortable　position；　and　later　the　Nazareth　tract　was　bought　from　Whitefield；　and　the　work　they　had　begun　for　him　was　completed　for　their　own　use。

Whitefield；　in　after　years；　rather　excused　himself　for　his　first　harshness　toward　the　Moravians；　but　a　letter　written　by　him　to　a　friend　in　1742；　is　a　good　statement　of　the　armed　truce　which　existed　among　the　great　religious　leaders　of　that　day。　　〃Where　the　spirit　of　God　is　in　any　great　degree；　there　will　be　union　of　avail；　tho'　there　may　be　difference　in　sentiments。　　This　I　have　learnt；　my　dear　Brother；　by　happy　experience；　and　find　great　freedom　and　peace　in　my　soul　thereby。　This　makes　me　love　the　Moravian　Brethren　tho'　I　cannot　agree　with　them　in　many　of　their　principles。　　I　cannot　look　upon　them　as　willful　deceivers；　but　as　persons　who　hazard