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slave of freedom; a living martyr to the Republic; at once the victim

and the enemy of crime!〃 See this speech in full。



'109' Especially in his address to the French people; (Aug。; 1791);

which; in a justificatory form; is his apotheosis。  … Cf。  Hamel; II。;

212; Speech in the Jacobin club; (April 27; 1792)。



'110' Hamel; I。; 517; 532; 559; II。; 5。



'111' Laréveillère…Lepeaux;〃 Mémoires。〃 … Barbaroux; 〃Mémoires;〃 358。

(Both; after a visit to him。)



'112' Robespierre's devotees constantly attend at the Jacobin club and

in the convention to hear him speak and applaud him; and are called;

from their condition and dress; 〃 the fat petticoats。〃



'113' Buchez et Roux; XX。; 197。  (Meeting of Nov。  I; 1792。) …

〃Chronique de Paris;〃 Nov。  9; 1792; article by Condorcet。  With the

keen insight of the man of the world; he saw clearly into

Robespierre's character。  〃Robespierre preaches; Robespierre censures;

he is animated; grave; melancholy; deliberately enthusiastic and

systematic in his ideas; and conduct。  He thunders against the rich

and the great; he lives on nothing and has no physical necessities。

His sole mission is to talk; and this he does almost constantly。  。  。

His characteristics are not those of a religious reformer; but of the

chief of a sect。  He has won a reputation for austerity approaching

sanctity。  He jumps up on a bench and talks about God and Providence。

He styles himself the friend of the poor; he attracts around him a

crowd of women and 'the poor in spirit; and gravely accepts their

homage and worship。  。  。  。  Robespierre is a priest and never will

be anything else。〃 Among Robespierre's devotees Madame de Chalabre

must be mentioned; (Hamel; I。; 525); a young widow (Hamel; III。; 524);

who offers him her hand with an income of forty thousand francs。

〃Thou art my supreme deity;〃 she writes to him; 〃and I know no other

on this earth! I regard thee as my guardian angel; and would live only

under thy laws。〃



'114' Fievée; 〃Correspondance;〃 (introduction)。



'115' Report of Courtois on the papers found in Robespierre's

domicile。  Justificatory documents No。20; letter of the Secretary of

the Committee of Surveillance of Saint Calais; Niv?se 15; year II。



'116' Ibid。; No。  18。  Letter of V…; former inspector of 〃droits

reservés;〃 Feb。  5; 1792。



'117' Ibid。; No。8。  Letter of P。  Brincourt; Sedan; Aug。29; 1793。



'118' Ibid。; No。  I。  Letter of Besson; with an address of the popular

club of Menosque; Prairial 23; year II



'119' Ibid。; No。14。  Letter of D…; member of the Cordeliers Club;

and former mercer; Jan。31; 1792



'120' Ibid。; No。12。  Letter by C; Chateau Thierry; Prairial 30;

year II。



'121' Hamel; III。; 682。  (Copied from Billaud…Varennes' manuscripts;

in the Archives Nationales)。



'122' Moniteur; XXII。; '75。  (Session of Vendémiaire i8; year III。

Speech by Laignelot。) 〃Robespierre had all the popular clubs under his

thumb。〃



'123' Garat; 85。  〃The most conspicuous sentiment with Robespierre;

and one; indeed; of which he made no mystery; was that the defender of

the people could never see amiss。  … (Bailleul; quoted in Carnot's

Memoirs; I。  516。) 〃He regarded himself as a privileged being;

destined to become the people's regenerator and instructor。〃



'124' Speech of May 16; 1794; and of Thermidor 8; year II。



'125' Buchez et Roux; X。; 295; 296。  (Session June 22; 1791; of the

Jacobin Club。) … Ibid。; 294。  … Marat spoke in the same vein: 〃I have

made myself a curse for all good people in France。〃 He writes; the

same date: 〃Writers in behalf of the people will be dragged to

dungeons。  'The friend of the people;' whose last sigh is given for

his country; and whose faithful voice still summons you to freedom; is

to find his grave in a fiery furnace。〃 The last expression shows the

difference in their imaginations。



'126' Hamel; II。; 122。  (Meeting of the Jacobin Club; Feb。10; 1792。)

〃To obtain death at the hands of tyrants is not enough … one must

deserve death。  If it be true that the earliest defenders of liberty

became its martyrs they should not suffer death without bearing

tyranny along with them into the grave。〃 … Cf。; ibid。; II。; 215。

(Meeting of April 27; 1792。)



'127' Hamel; II。; 513。  (Speech in the Convention; Prairial 7; year

II。)



'128' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 422; 445; 447; 457。  (Speech in the

Convention; Thermidor 8; year II。)



'129' Buchez et Roux; XX。; 11; 18。  (Meeting of the Jacobin Club;

Oct。29; 1792。) Speech on Lafayette; the Feuillants and Girondists。

XXXI。; 360; 363。  (Meeting of the Convention; May 7; 1794。) On

Lafayette; the Girondists; Dantonists and Hébertists。  … XXXIII。; 427。

(Speech of Thermidor 8; year II。)



'130' Garat; 〃Mémoires;〃 87; 88。



'131' Buchez et Roux; XXI。; 107。  (Speech of Pétion on the charges

made against him by Robespierre。) Petion justly objects that

〃Brunswick would be the first to cut off Brissot's head; and Brissot

is not fool enough to doubt it。〃



'132' Garat; 94。  (After the King's death and a little before the 10th

of March; 1793。)



'133' Ibid。; 97。  In 1789 Robespierre assured Garat that Necker was

plundering the Treasury; and that people had seen mules loaded with

the gold and silver he was sending off by millions to Geneva。  …

Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。  512。  〃Robespierre;〃 say Carnot and Prieur;

〃paid very little attention to public business; but a good deal to

public officers; he made himself intolerable with his perpetual

mistrust of these; never seeing any but traitors and conspirators。〃



'134' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 417。  (Speech of Thermidor 8; year II。)



'135' Ibid。; XXXII。; 361; (Speech May 7; '794;) and 359。  〃Immorality

is the basis of despotism; as virtue is the essence of the Republic。〃



'136' Ibid。; 371。



'137' Buchez et Roux; XXXIII。; 195。  (Report of Couthon and decree in

conformity therewith; Prairial 22; year II。) 〃The revolutionary

tribunal is organised for the punishment of the people's enemies 。  。

。  。  The penalty for all offences within its jurisdiction is death。

Those are held to be enemies of the people who shall have misled the

people; or the representatives of the people; into measures opposed to

the interests of liberty; those who shall have sought to create

discouragement by favoring the undertakings of tyrants leagued against

the Republic; those who shall have spread false reports to divide or

disturb the people; those who shall have sought to misdirect opinion

and impede popular instruction; produce depravity and corrupt the

public conscience; diminish the energy and purity of revolutionary and

republican principles; or stay their progress    Those who; charged

with public functions; abuse them to serve the enemies of the

Revolution; vex patriots; oppress the people; etc。〃



'138' Buchez et Roux; XXXV。; 290。  (〃 Institutions;〃 by Saint…Just。)

〃The Revolution is chilled。  Principles have lost their vigor。

Nothing remains but red…caps worn by intrigue。〃 … Report by Courtois;

〃Pièces justificatives〃 No。20。  (Letter of Pays and Rompillon;

president and secretary of the committee of Surveillance of Saint…

Calais; to Robespierre; Niv?se 15; year II。) 〃The Mountain here is

composed of only a dozen or fifteen men on whom you can rely as on

yourself; the rest are either deceived; seduced; corrupted or enticed

away。  Public opinion is debauched by the gold and intrigues of honest

folks。〃



'139' Report by Courtois; N。  43。  … Cf。  Hamel; III。; 43; 71。  … (The

following important document is on file in the Archives Nationales; F

7; 4446; and consists of two notes written by Robespierre in June and

July; 1793): 〃Who are our enemies? The vicious and the rich。  。  。  。

How may the civil war be stopped? Punish traitors and conspirators;

especially guilty deputies and administrators 。  。  。  。  make

terrible examples 。  。  。  。  proscribe perfidious writers and anti…

revoluti

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