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the sign of the four(椎膨倖議芝催)-及2嫗

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the   other   at   St。   Louis   in   1871�察  �which   have   suggested   to   him   the   true 

solution。      Here is the letter which I had this morning acknowledging my 

assistance。;      He   tossed   over�察  �as   he   spoke�察  �a   crumpled   sheet   of   foreign 

notepaper。       I glanced my eyes down it�察�catching a profusion of notes of 



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admiration�察  �with   stray   ;magnifiques�察─   �coup´de´maitres�察─  �and   ;tours´de´ 

force�察─�all testifying to the ardent admiration of the Frenchman。 

     ;He speaks as a pupil to his master�察─�said I。 

     ;Oh�察�he rates my assistance too highly�察─�said Sherlock Holmes�察�lightly。 

;He   has   considerable   gifts   himself。       He   possesses   two   out   of   the   three 

qualities     necessary      for   the   ideal   detective。      He     has   the   power     of 

observation and that of deduction。             He is only wanting in knowledge�察�and 

that   may   come      in  time。    He    is  now   translating     my   small    works     into 

French。; 

     ;Your works�拭─�

     ;Oh�察�didn't you know�拭─�he cried�察�laughing。                 ;Yes�察�I have been guilty 

of several monographs。            They are all upon technical subjects。             Here�察�for 

example�察�is   one   'Upon the   Distinction between the Ashes   of the Various 

Tobaccoes。'       In    it  I  enumerate     a  hundred      and   forty   forms    of   cigar´�察�

cigarette´�察�and pipe´tobacco�察�with colored plates illustrating the difference 

in the ash。      It is a point which is continually turning up in criminal trials�察�

and which is sometimes of supreme importance as a clue。                       If you can say 

definitely�察  �for   example�察  �that   some   murder   has   been   done   by  a   man   who 

was smoking an Indian lunkah�察�it obviously narrows your field of search。 

To the trained eye there is as much difference between the black ash of a 

Trichinopoly       and    the   white   fluff   of  bird's´eye    as   there   is  between     a 

cabbage and a potato。; 

     ;You have an extraordinary genius for minutiae�察─�I remarked。 

     ;I   appreciate     their   importance。      Here     is  my    monograph       upon    the 

tracing of footsteps�察�with some remarks upon the uses of plaster of Paris as 

a   preserver   of   impresses。   Here�察  �too�察  �is   a   curious   little   work   upon   the 

influence   of   a   trade   upon   the   form   of   the   hand�察  �with   lithotypes   of   the 

hands of slaters�察�sailors�察�corkcutters�察�compositors�察�weavers�察�and diamond´ 

polishers。      That   is   a   matter   of   great   practical   interest   to   the   scientific 

detective��especially in cases of unclaimed bodies�察�or in discovering the 

antecedents of criminals。          But I weary you with my hobby。; 

     ;Not at all�察─�I answered�察�earnestly。           ;It is of the greatest interest to me�察�

especially   since   I   have   had   the   opportunity   of   observing   your   practical 

application of it。       But you spoke just now of observation and deduction。 



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Surely the one to some extent implies the other。; 

     ;Why�察�hardly�察─�he answered�察�leaning back luxuriously in his arm´ chair�察�

and     sending    up   thick   blue    wreaths    from    his   pipe。    ;For    example�察�

observation   shows   me   that   you   have   been   to   the   Wigmore   Street   Post´ 

Office   this   morning�察  �but   deduction   lets   me   know   that   when   there   you 

dispatched a telegram。; 

     ;Right� ─�said I。      ;Right on both points�        �But I confess that I don't see 

how you arrived at it。        It was a sudden impulse upon my part�察�and I have 

mentioned it to no one。; 

     ;It   is   simplicity   itself�察─  �he   remarked�察  �chuckling   at   my   surprise�察�so 

absurdly simple that an explanation is superfluous�察�and yet it may serve to 

define the limits of observation and of deduction。                Observation tells me 

that   you    have   a   little  reddish   mould     adhering    to  your    instep。    Just 

opposite the Seymour Street Office they have taken up the pavement and 

thrown up some earth which lies in such a way that it is difficult to avoid 

treading in it in entering。       The earth is of this peculiar reddish tint which 

is found�察�as far as I know�察�nowhere else in the neighborhood。                  So much is 

observation。      The rest is deduction。; 

     ;How�察�then�察�did you deduce the telegram�拭─�

     ;Why�察�of course   I knew  that you   had not written   a letter�察 �since I   sat 

opposite to you all morning。           I see also in your open desk there that you 

have a sheet of stamps and a thick bundle of post´ cards。                What could you 

go into the post´office for�察�then�察�but to send a wire�拭              �Eliminate all other 

factors�察�and the one which remains must be the truth。; 

     ;In this case it certainly is so�察─�I replied�察�after a little thought。             ;The 

thing�察   �however�察    �is�察 �as  you  say�察  �of  the  simplest。    Would      yo   think   me 

impertinent if I were to put your theories to a more severe test�拭─�

     ;On the   contrary�察─  �he   answered�察  �it   would prevent   me   from  taking  a 

second dose of cocaine。          I should be delighted to look into any problem 

which you might submit to me。; 

     ;I have heard you say that it is difficult for a man to have any object in 

daily use without leaving the impress of his individuality upon it in such a 

way   that   a   trained   observer   might   read   it。  Now�察  �I   have   here   a   watch 

which     has   recently    come    into   my   possession。      Would      you   have    the 



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kindness to let me have an opinion upon the character or habits of the late 

owner�拭─�

     I handed him over the watch with some slight feeling of amusement in 

my heart�察�for the test was�察�as I thought�察�an impossible one�察�and I intended 

it as a lesson against the somewhat dogmatic tone which he occasionally 

assumed。      He   balanced   the   watch   in   his   hand�察  �gazed   hard   at   the   dial�察�

opened the back�察�and examined the works�察�first with his naked eyes and 

then with a powerful convex lens。             I could hardly keep from smiling at 

his crestfallen face when he finally snapped the case to and handed it back。 

     ;There     are  hardly   any   data�察─  �he   remarked。     ;The     watch    has  been 

recently cleaned�察�which robs me of my most suggestive facts。; 

     ;You   are   right�察─  �I   answered。    ;It   was   cleaned   before   being   sent   to 

me。;     In   my   heart   I   accused   my   companion   of   putting   forward   a   most 

lame     and   impotent    excuse    to  cover   his   failure。   What     data   could   he 

expect from an uncleaned watch�拭�

     ;Though unsatisfactory�察�my research has not been entirely barren�察─�he 

observed�察     �staring    up   at  the   ceiling    with    dreamy�察    �lack´lustre    eyes。 

;Subject to your correction�察�I should judge that the watch belonged to your 

elder brother�察�who inherited it from your father。; 

     ;That you gather�察�no doubt�察�from the H。 W。 upon the back�拭─�

     ;Quite so。     The W。 suggests your own name。               The date of the watch 

is nearly fifty years back�察�and the initials are as old as the watch�此                �so it 

was made for the last generation。            Jewelry usually descents to the eldest 

son�察  �and   he   is   most   likely   to   have   the   same   name   as   the   father。 Your 

father has�察�if I remember right�察�been dead many years。                 It has�察�therefore�察�

been in the

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