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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及11嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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foreknowing   the   danger�察  �were   infected   with   a   grievous   kind   of   flux   by 

drinking thereof�察�and even the very horses poisoned therewith�察�insomuch 

as at the end of   the six months that they  abode there�察�of all their   troops 

there   were   not   left   above  120   soldiers�察  �and   neither   horse   nor   cattle。   For 

Berreo hoped to have found Guiana be 1��000 miles nearer than it fell out 



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to be in the end�察�by means whereof they sustained much want�察�and much 

hunger�察�oppressed with grievous diseases�察�and all the miseries that could 

be imagined。 I demanded of those in Guiana that had travelled Amapaia�察�

how they lived with that tawny or red water when they travelled thither�察�

and they told me that after the sun was near the middle of the sky�察�they 

used to fill their pots and pitchers with that water�察�but either before that 

time or towards the setting of the sun it was dangerous to drink of�察�and in 

the night strong poison。 I learned also of divers other rivers of that nature 

among   them�察  �which   were   also�察  �while   the   sun   was   in   the   meridian�察  �very 

safe to drink�察�and in the morning�察�evening�察�and night�察�wonderful dangerous 

and infective。 From this province Berreo hasted away as soon as the spring 

and beginning of summer appeared�察�and sought his entrance on the borders 

of   Orenoque   on   the   south   side�察  �but   there   ran   a   ledge   of   so   high   and 

impassable   mountains�察  �as   he   was   not   able   by   any   means   to   march   over 

them�察�continuing from the east sea into which Orenoque falleth�察�even to 

Quito   in   Peru。   Neither   had   he   means   to   carry   victual   or   munition   over 

those craggy�察�high�察�and fast hills�察�being all woody�察�and those so thick and 

spiny�察�and so full or prickles�察�thorns�察�and briars�察�as it is impossible to creep 

through them。 He had also neither friendship among the people�察�nor any 

interpreter to persuade or treat with them�察�and more�察�to his disadvantage�察�

the caciques and kings of Amapaia had given knowledge of his purpose to 

the Guianians�察�and that he sought to sack and conquer the empire�察�for the 

hope of their so great abundance and quantities of gold。 He passed by the 

mouths of many great rivers which fell into Orenoque both from the north 

and south�察�which I forbear to name�察�for tediousness�察�and because they are 

more pleasing in describing than reading。 

     Berreo affirmed that there fell an hundred rivers into Orenoque from 

the   north   and   south�此  �whereof   the   least   was   as   big   as   Rio   Grande   ��the 

Magdalena���察�that passed between Popayan and Nuevo Reyno de Granada�察�

Rio   Grande   being   esteemed   one   of   the   renowned   rivers   in   all   the   West 

Indies�察�and numbered among the great rivers of the world。 But he knew 

not the names of any of these�察�but Caroli only�察�neither from what nations 

they descended�察�neither to what provinces they led�察�for he had no means to 

discourse with the inhabitants at any time�察�neither was he curious in these 



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things�察�being utterly unlearned�察�and not knowing the east from the west。 

But of all these I got some knowledge�察�and of many more�察�partly by mine 

own   travel�察  �and   the   rest   by   conference�察  �of   some   one   I   learned   one�察  �of 

others the rest�察�having with me an Indian that spake many languages�察�and 

that   of   Guiana   ��the   Carib��   naturally。   I   sought   out   all   the   aged   men�察  �and 

such as were greatest travellers。 And by the one and the other I came to 

understand the situations�察�the rivers�察�the kingdoms from the east sea to the 

borders   of   Peru�察  �and   from   Orenoque   southward   as   far   as   Amazons   or 

Maranon�察�and the regions of Marinatambal ��north coasts of Brazil���察�and of 

all the kings of provinces�察�and captains of towns and villages�察�how  they 

stood in terms of peace or war�察�and which were friends or enemies the one 

with the other�察�without which there can be neither entrance nor conquest in 

those   parts�察  �nor   elsewhere。   For   by   the   dissension   between   Guascar   and 

Atabalipa�察�Pizarro conquered Peru�察�and by the hatred that the Tlaxcallians 

bare   to   Mutezuma�察  �Cortes   was   victorious   over   Mexico�察  �without   which 

both the one and the other had failed of their enterprise�察�and of the great 

honour and riches which they attained unto。 

     Now   Berreo   began       to  grow    into   despair�察 �and   looked    for   no  other 

success     than   his  predecessor     in  this  enterprise�察   �until  such   time   as  he 

arrived at the province of Emeria towards the east sea and mouth of the 

river�察�where he found a nation of people very favourable�察�and the country 

full of all manner of victual。 The king of this land is called Carapana�察�a 

man   very  wise�察  �subtle�察  �and   of   great   experience�察  �being   little   less   than   an 

hundred years old。 In his youth he was sent by his father into the island of 

Trinidad�察  �by   reason   of   civil   war   among   themselves�察  �and   was   bred   at   a 

village in that island�察�called Parico。 At that place in his youth he had seen 

many Christians�察�both French and Spanish�察�and went divers times with the 

Indians of Trinidad to Margarita and Cumana�察�in the West Indies�察�for both 

those places have ever been relieved with victual from Trinidad�此�by reason 

whereof he grew of more understanding�察�and noted the difference of the 

nations�察�comparing the strength and arms of his country with those of the 

Christians�察�and ever after temporised so as whosoever else did amiss�察�or 

was wasted by contention�察�Carapana kept himself and his country in quiet 

and plenty。 He also held peace with the Caribs or cannibals�察�his neighbours�察�



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and had free trade with all nations�察�whosoever else had war。 

     Berreo sojourned and rested his weak troop in the town of Carapana 

six weeks�察�and from him learned the way and passage to Guiana�察�and the 

riches and magnificence thereof。 But being then utterly unable to proceed�察�

he   determined   to   try  his   fortune   another   year�察  �when   he   had   renewed   his 

provisions�察�and regathered more force�察�which he hoped for as well out of 

Spain   as   from   Nuevo   Reyno�察  �where   he   had   left   his   son   Don   Antonio 

Ximenes to second him upon the first notice given of his entrance�察�and so 

for    the  present    embarked      himself    in   canoas�察   �and   by   the  branches     of 

Orenoque   arrived   at   Trinidad�察  �having   from   Carapana   sufficient   pilots   to 

conduct him。 From Trinidad he coasted Paria�察�and so recovered Margarita�察�

and   having   made   relation   to   Don   Juan   Sarmiento�察  �the   Governor�察  �of   his 

proceeding�察�and persuaded him of the riches of Guiana�察�he obtained from 

thence   fifty   soldiers�察  �promising   presently   to   return   to   Carapana�察  �and   so 

into   Guiana。   But   Berreo   meant   nothing   less   at   that   time�察  �for   he   wanted 

many provisions necessary for such an enterprise�察�and therefore departed 

from   Margarita�察      �seated   himself    in  Trinidad�察    �and   from   thence     sent  his 

camp´master   and   his   sergeant´major   back   to   the   borders   to   discover   the 

nearest passage into the empire�察�as also to treat with the borderers�察�and to 

draw them to his party and love�察�without which�察�he knew he could neither 

pass safely�察�nor in any sort be relieved with victual or aught else。 Carapana 

directed his   company  to   a   king   called   Morequito�察  �assuring   them  that   no 

man     could    deli

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