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及18嫗

the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及18嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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his   wine   till   they   were   reasonable   pleasant�察  �for   it   is   very   strong   with 

pepper�察�and the juice of divers herbs and fruits digested and purged。 They 

keep it in great earthen pots of ten or twelve gallons�察�very clean and sweet�察�

and are themselves at their meetings and feasts the greatest carousers and 

drunkards of the world。 When we came to his town we found two caciques�察�

whereof   one   was   a   stranger   that   had   been   up   the   river   in   trade�察  �and   his 

boats�察�people�察�and wife encamped at the port where we anchored�察�and the 

other was of that country�察�a follower of Toparimaca。 They lay each of them 

in a cotton hamaca�察�which we call Brazil beds�察�and two women attending 

them with six cups�察�and a little ladle to fill them out of an earthen pitcher 

of wine�察�and so they drank each of them three of those cups at a time one 

to the other�察�and in this sort they drink drunk at their feasts and meetings。 

     That cacique that was a stranger had his wife staying at the port where 

we   anchored�察  �and   in   all   my   life   I   have   seldom   seen   a   better   favoured 

woman。   She   was   of   good   stature�察  �with   black   eyes�察  �fat   of   body�察  �of   an 

excellent countenance�察�her hair almost as long as herself�察�tied up again in 

pretty knots�察�and it seemed she stood not in that awe of her husband as the 

rest�察  �for   she   spake   and   discoursed�察  �and   drank   among   the   gentlemen   and 

captains�察�and was very pleasant�察�knowing her own comeliness�察�and taking 

great pride therein。 I have seen a lady in England so like to her�察�as but for 

the difference of colour�察�I would have sworn might have been the same。 

     The seat of this town of Toparimaca was very pleasant�察�standing on a 

little   hill�察  �in   an   excellent   prospect�察  �with   goodly  gardens   a   mile   compass 

round     about    it�察 �and   two   very    fair  and   large   ponds     of  excellent     fish 

adjoining。   This   town   is   called   Arowocai�察  �the   people   are   of   the   nation 



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called   Nepoios�察  �and   are   followers of   Carapana。   In   that place   I   saw   very 

aged people�察�that we might perceive all their sinews and veins without any 

flesh�察�and but even as a case covered only with skin。 The lord of this place 

gave me an old man for pilot�察�who was of great experience and travel�察�and 

knew   the   river   most   perfectly   both   by   day   and   night。   And   it   shall   be 

requisite for any man that passeth it to have such a pilot�察�for it is four�察�five�察�

and six miles over in many places�察�and twenty miles in other places�察�with 

wonderful       eddies    and   strong    currents�察  �many     great   islands�察   �and   divers 

shoals�察�and many dangerous rocks�察�and besides upon any increase of wind 

so great a billow�察�as we were sometimes in great peril of drowning in the 

galley�察�for the small boats durst not come from the shore but when it was 

very fair。 

     The next day we hasted thence�察�and having an easterly wind to help us�察�

we spared our arms from rowing�察�for after we entered Orenoque�察�the river 

lieth for the most part east and west�察�even from the sea unto Quito�察�in Peru。 

This river is navigable with barks little less than 1000 miles�察�and from the 

place where we entered it may be sailed up in small pinnaces to many of 

the best parts of Nuevo Reyno de Granada and of Popayan。 And from no 

place   may   the   cities   of   these   parts   of   the   Indies   be   so   easily   taken   and 

invaded as from hence。 All   that day we sailed up   a branch of that   river�察�

having on   the   left   hand  a   great   island�察 �which   they  call Assapana�察  �which 

may   contain      some    five´and´   twenty   miles       in  length�察  �and   six   miles   in 

breadth�察�the great body of the river running on the other side of this island。 

Beyond that middle branch there is also another island in the river�察�called 

Iwana�察  �which   is   twice   as   big   as   the   Isle   of   Wight�察  �and   beyond   it�察  �and 

between it and the main of Guiana�察�runneth a third branch of Orenoque�察�

called Arraroopana。 All   three   are goodly  branches�察  �and   all navigable   for 

great ships。 I judge the river in this place to be at least thirty miles broad�察�

reckoning   the   islands   which   divide   the   branches   in   it�察  �for   afterwards   I 

sought also both the other branches。 

     After we reached to the head of the island called Assapana�察�a little to 

the westward on the right hand there opened a river which came from the 

north�察  �called   Europa�察  �and   fell   into   the   great   river�察  �and   beyond   it   on   the 

same side we anchored for that night by another island�察�six miles long and 



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two miles broad�察�which they call Ocaywita。 From hence�察�in the morning�察�

we landed two Guianians�察�which we found in the town of Toparimaca�察�that 

came with us�察�who went to give notice of our coming to the lord of that 

country�察  �called   Putyma�察  �a   follower   of   Topiawari�察  �chief   lord   of Aromaia�察�

who succeeded Morequito�察�whom ��as you have heard before�� Berreo put to 

death。 But his town being far within the land�察�he came not unto us that day�察�

so   as   we   anchored   again   that   night   near   the   banks   of   another   land�察  �of 

bigness   much   like   the   other�察  �which   they   call   Putapayma�察  �over   against 

which island�察�on the main land�察�was a very high mountain called Oecope。 

We coveted to anchor rather by these islands in the river than by the main�察�

because   of   the   tortugas'   eggs�察  �which   our   people   found   on   them   in   great 

abundance�察  �and   also   because the   ground   served better   for us to   cast   our 

nets for fish�察�the main banks being for the most part stony and high and the 

rocks   of   a   blue�察  �metalline   colour�察  �like   unto   the   best   steel   ore�察  �which   I 

assuredly   take      it   to  be。  Of   the  same   blue     stone   are   also   divers   great 

mountains which border this river in many places。 

     The next morning�察�towards nine of the clock�察�we weighed anchor�察�and 

the   breeze   increasing�察  �we   sailed   always   west   up   the   river�察  �and�察  �after   a 

while�察  �opening   the   land   on   the   right   side�察  �the   country   appeared   to   be 

champaign and the banks shewed very perfect red。 I therefore sent two of 

the little barges with Captain Gifford�察�and with him Captain Thyn�察�Captain 

Caulfield�察�my cousin Greenvile�察�my nephew John Gilbert�察�Captain Eynos�察�

Master   Edward   Porter�察  �and   my   cousin   Butshead   Gorges�察  �with   some   few 

soldiers�察  �to   march   over   the   banks   of   that   red   land   and   to   discover   what 

manner of country it was on the other side�察�who at their return found it all 

a plain level as far as they went or could discern from the highest tree they 

could   get   upon。 And   my   old   pilot�察  �a   man   of   great   travel�察  �brother   to   the 

cacique      Toparimaca�察     �told   me    that  those    were    called   the   plains   of   the 

Sayma�察  �and   that   the   same   level   reached   to   Cumana   and   Caracas�察  �in   the 

West Indies�察�which are a hundred and twenty leagues to the north�察�and that 

there inhabited four principal nations。 The first were the Sayma�察�the next 

Assawai�察�the third and greatest the Wikiri�察�by whom Pedro Hernandez de 

Serpa�察  �before   mentioned�察  �was   overthrown   as   he   passed   with   300   horse 

from Cumana   towards   Orenoque in his   enterprise of   Guiana。 The   fourth 



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are called Aror

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