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the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�)-及28嫗

弌傍�� the discovery of guiana(窟�峭舊把�) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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and when it is at the best�察�it is a perilous and a fearful place�察�the rest of the 

Indies   for   calms   and   diseases   very   troublesome�察  �and   the   sea   about   the 

Bermudas a hellish sea for thunder�察�lightning�察�and storms。 

     This very year ��1595�� there were seventeen sail of Spanish ships lost 

in the channel of   Bahama�察�and the great Philip�察�like to have sunk at   the 

Bermudas�察�was put back to St。 Juan de Puerto Rico�察�and so it falleth out in 

that navigation every year for the most part。 Which in this voyage are not 

to be feared�察�for the time of year to leave England is best in July�察�and the 

summer in Guiana is in October�察�November�察�December�察�January�察�February�察�

and March�察�and then the ships may depart thence in April�察�and so return 

again   into   England   in   June。   So   as   they   shall   never   be   subject   to   winter 

weather�察�either coming�察�going�察�or staying there�此�which�察�for my part�察�I take 

to be one of the greatest comforts and encouragements that can be thought 

on�察  �having�察  �as   I   have   done�察  �tasted   in   this   voyage   by   the   West   Indies   so 

many   calms�察  �so      much   heat�察  �such   outrageous   gusts�察  �such   weather�察  �and 

contrary winds。 

     To conclude�察�Guiana is a country that hath yet her maidenhead�察�never 

sacked�察�turned�察�nor wrought�察�the face of the earth hath not been torn�察�nor 

the   virtue   and   salt   of   the   soil   spent   by   manurance。 The   graves   have   not 

been opened for gold�察�the mines not broken with sledges�察�nor their images 

pulled down out of their temples。 It hath never been entered by any army 

of strength�察�and never conquered or possessed by any Christian prince。 It 

is besides so defensible�察�that if two forts be builded in one of the provinces 

which I have seen�察�the flood setteth in so near the bank�察�where the channel 

also lieth�察�that no ship can pass up but within a pike's length of the artillery�察�

first   of   the   one�察  �and   afterwards   of   the   other。   Which   two   forts   will   be   a 

sufficient   guard   both   to   the   empire      of   Inga�察  �and   to   an   hundred   other 

several kingdoms�察�lying within the said river�察�even to the city of Quito in 

Peru。 

     There     is   therefore    great    difference     between     the   easiness     of   the 

conquest of Guiana�察�and the defence of it being conquered�察�and the West 

or East Indies。 Guiana hath but one entrance by the sea�察�if it hath that�察�for 

any  vessels   of burden。   So   as   whosoever   shall   first possess   it�察  �it   shall   be 

found unaccessible for any enemy�察�except he come in wherries�察�barges�察�or 



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canoas�察�or else in flat´bottomed boats�察�and if he do offer to enter it in that 

manner�察�the woods are so thick 200 miles together upon the rivers of such 

entrance�察�as a mouse cannot sit in a boat unhit from the bank。 By land it is 

more   impossible   to   approach�察  �for   it   hath   the   strongest   situation   of   any 

region under the sun�察�and it is so environed with impassable mountains on 

every   side�察  �as   it   is   impossible   to   victual   any   company   in   the   passage。 

Which      hath   been    well   proved    by   the   Spanish    nation�察   �who    since   the 

conquest   of   Peru   have   never   left   five   years   free   from   attempting   this 

empire�察  �or   discovering   some   way   into   it�察  �and   yet   of   three´and´twenty 

several gentlemen�察�knights�察�and noblemen�察�there was never any that knew 

which way to lead an army by land�察�or to conduct ships by sea�察�anything 

near   the   said   country。   Orellana�察  �of   whom   the   river   of   Amazons   taketh 

name�察�was the first�察�and Don Antonio de Berreo�察�whom we displanted�察�the 

last�此�and I doubt much whether he himself or any of his yet know the best 

way   into    the   said  empire。   It   can   therefore    hardly   be   regained�察  �if  any 

strength be formerly set down�察�but in one or two places�察�and but two or 

three   crumsters   ��Dutch�察  �Kromsteven   or   Kromster�察  �a   vessel   with   a   bent 

prow�� or galleys built and furnished upon the river within。 The West Indies 

have many ports�察�watering places�察�and landings�察�and nearer than 300 miles 

to   Guiana�察  �no   man   can   harbour   a   ship�察  �except   he   know   one   only   place�察�

which is not learned in haste�察�and which I will undertake there is not any 

one of my companies that knoweth�察�whosoever hearkened most after it。 

     Besides�察�by keeping one good fort�察�or building one town of strength�察�

the    whole     empire     is  guarded�察    �and    whatsoever      companies       shall   be 

afterwards planted within the land�察�although in twenty several provinces�察�

those shall be able all to reunite themselves upon any occasion either by 

the way of one river�察�or be able to march by land without either wood�察�bog�察�

or mountain。 Whereas in the West Indies there are few towns or provinces 

that   can   succour   or   relieve   one   the   other   by   land   or   sea。   By   land   the 

countries are either desert�察�mountainous�察�or strong enemies。 By sea�察�if any 

man invade to the eastward�察�those to the west cannot in many months turn 

against the breeze and eastern wind。 Besides�察�the Spaniards are therein so 

dispersed as they are nowhere strong�察�but in Nueva Espana only�察�the sharp 

mountains�察�the thorns�察�and poisoned prickles�察�the sandy and deep ways in 



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the valleys�察�the smothering heat and air�察�and want of water in other places 

are their only and best defence�察�which�察�because those nations that invade 

them   are   not   victualled   or   provided   to   stay�察  �neither   have   any   place   to 

friend adjoining�察�do serve them instead of good arms and great multitudes。 

     The     West    Indies   were    first  offered    her   Majesty's     grandfather     by 

Columbus�察�a stranger�察�in whom there might be doubt of deceit�察�and besides 

it was then thought incredible that there were such and so many lands and 

regions     never    written   of   before。   This   Empire     is  made    known      to  her 

Majesty by her own vassal�察�and by him that oweth to her more duty than 

an   ordinary   subject�察  �so   that   it   shall   ill   sort   with   the   many   graces   and 

benefits which I have received to abuse her Highness�察�either with fables or 

imaginations。 The country is already discovered�察�many nations won to her 

Majesty's love and obedience�察�and those Spaniards which have latest and 

longest     laboured     about     the   conquest�察    �beaten    out�察  �discouraged�察     �and 

disgraced�察     �which    among      these   nations    were    thought     invincible。    Her 

Majesty   may   in   this   enterprise   employ   all   those   soldiers   and   gentlemen 

that    are  younger     brethren�察   �and    all  captains    and   chieftains    that   want 

employment�察�and the charge will be only the first setting out in victualling 

and arming them�察�for after the first or second year I doubt not but to see in 

London       a  Contractation´House         ��the  whole     trade   of  Spanish     America 

passed   through   the   Casa   de   Contratacion   at   Seville��   of   more   receipt   for 

Guiana than there is now in Seville for the West Indies。 

     And I am resolved that if there were but a small army afoot in Guiana�察�

marching   towards   Manoa�察  �the   chief   city   of   Inga�察  �he   would   yield   to   her 

Majesty   by   composition         so  many   hundred      thousand     pounds     yearly   as 

should both defend all enemies abroad�察�and defray all expenses at home�察�

and that he would besides pay a garrison of three or four 

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