phenomenology of mind-第68章

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singleness　of　the　individual　organism　being　instead　inherently　universal；　yet　this　pure　singleness　is
not　therein　developed　and　realized　in　its　various　moments　as　if　these　were　themselves　abstract　or
universal。　On　the　contrary；　this　developed　expression　makes　its　appearance　outside　that
universality；　which　thus　falls　back　into　mere　inwardness；　and　between　the　concrete　realization；　the
embodied　form；　i。e。　the　self…developing　individual　singleness　of　the　organism；　and　the　organic
universal；　the　genus；　appears　the　determinate　or　specific　universal；　the　species。　The　existential
form；　to　which　the　negativity　of　the　universal；　the　negativity　of　the　genus；　attains；　is　merely　the
explicitly　developed　movement　of　a　process；　carried　out　among　the　parts　of　the　given　shape
assumed　by　the　organism。　If　the　genus　had　the　different　parts　within　itself　as　an　unbroken　simple
unity；　so　that　its　simple　negativity　as　such　were　at　the　same　time　a　movement；　carried　on　through
parts　equally　simple　and　directly　universal　in　themselves；　which　were　here　actual　as　such　moments；
then　the　organic　genus　would　be　consciousness。　But；　as　it　is；　the　simple　determinate　character；　qua
determinateness　of　the　species；　is　present　in　an　unconscious　manner　in　the　genus；　concrete
realization　starts　from　the　genus；　in　other　words　what　finds　express　realization　is　not　the　genus　as
such；　i。e。　not　really　thought。　This　genus；　qua　actual　organic　fact；　is　merely　represented　by　a
deputy。　Number；　which　is　the　representative　here；　seems　to　designate　the　transition　from　the　genus
into　the　individual　embodiment；　and　to　set　before　observation　the　two　aspects　of　the　necessary
constitution；　now　in　the　form　of　a　simple　characteristic；　and　again　in　the　form　of　an　organic　shape
with　all　its　manifold　variety　fully　developed。　This　representative；　however；　really　denotes　the
indifference　and　freedom　of　the　universal　and　the　individual　as　regards　one　another；　the　genus　puts
the　individual　at　the　mercy　of　mere　quantitative　difference；　a　non…essential　element；　but　the
individual　qua　living　shows　itself　equally　independent　of　this　difference。　True　universality；　in　the
way　specified；　is　here　merely　inner　nature；　qua　characteristic　determining　the　species　it　is　formal
universality；　and　in　contrast　to　the　latter；　that　true　universality　takes　its　stand　on　the　side　of　organic
individual　singleness；　which　is　thereby　a　living　individual　entity；　and　owing　to　its　inner　nature　is　not
concerned　with　its　determinate　character　qua　species。　But　this　singleness　is　not　at　the　same　time　a
universal　individual；　i。e。　one　in　which　universality　would　have　external　realization　as　well；　i。e。　the
universal　individual　falls　outside　the　living　organic　whole。　This　universal　individual；　however；　in　the
way　it　is　immediately　the　individual　of　the　natural　embodiments　of　organic　life；　is　not　consciousness
itself：　its　existence　qua　single　organic　living　individual　could　not　fall　outside　that　universal　if　it　were
to　be　consciousness。　

We　have；　then；　here　a　connected　system；　where　one　extreme　is　the　universal　life　qua　universal　or
genus；　the　other　being　that　same　life　qua　a　single　whole；　or　universal　individual：　the　mediating　term；
however；　is　a　combination　of　both；　the　first　seeming　to　fit　itself　into　it　as　determinate　universality　or
as　species；　the　other　as　single　whole　proper　or　single　individuality。　And　since　this　connected
system　belongs　altogether　to　the　aspect　of　the　organic　embodiment；　it　comprehends　within　it　too
what　is　distinguished　as　inorganic　nature。　

Since；　now；　the　universal　life　qua　the　simple　essence　of　the　genus　develops　from　its　side　the
distinctions　of　the　notion；　and　has　to　exhibit　them　in　the　form　of　a　series　of　simple　determining
characteristics；　this　series　is　a　system　of　distinctions　set　up　indifferently；　or　is　a　numerical　series。
Whereas　formerly　the　organic　in　the　form　of　something　individual　and　single　was　placed　in
opposition　to　this　non…essential　distinction　＇of　quantity＇；　a　distinction　which　neither　expresses　nor
contains　its　living　nature：　and　while　precisely　the　same　has　to　be　stated　as　regards　the　inorganic；
taking　into　account　its　entire　existence　developed　in　the　plurality　of　its　properties：　it　is　now　the
universal　individual　which　is　not　merely　to　be　looked　on　as　free　from　every　articulation　of　the
genus；　but　also　as　the　power　controlling　the　genus。　The　genus　disperses　into　species　in　terms　of　the
universal　characteristic　of　number；　or　again　it　may　adopt　as　its　principle　of　division　particular
characteristics　of　its　existence　like　figure；　colour；　etc。　While　quietly　prosecuting　this　aim；　the　genus
meets　with　violence　at　the　hands　of　the　universal　individual；　the　earth；　（5）　which　in　the　role　of
universal　negativity　establishes　the　distinctions　as　they　exist　within　itself；the　nature　of　which；
owing　to　the　substance　they　belong　to；　is　different　from　the　nature　of　those　of　the　genus；and
makes　good　these　distinctions　as　against　the　process　of　generic　systematization。　This　action　on　the
part　of　the　genus　comes　to　be　quite　a　restricted　business；　which　it　can　only　carry　on　inside　those
mighty　elements；　and　which　is　left　with　gaps　and　arrested　and　interrupted　at　all　points　through　their
unbridled　violence。　

It　follows　from　all　this　that　in　the　embodied；　organic　existence　observation　can　only　meet　with
reason　in　the　sense　of　life　in　general；　which；　however；　in　its　differentiating　process　involves　really
no　rational　sequence　and　organization；　and　is　not　an　immanently　grounded　system　of　shapes　and
forms。　If　in　the　logical　process　of　the　moments　involved　in　organic　embodiment　the　mediating　term；
which　contains　the　species　and　its　realization　in　the　form　of　a　single　individuality；　had　within　it　the
two　extremes　of　inner　universality　and　universal　individuality；　then　this　middle　term　would　have；　in
the　movement　of　its　reality；　the　expression　and　the　nature　of　universality；　and　would　be
self…systematizing　development。　It　is　thus　that　consciousness　takes　as　the　middle　term　between
universal　spirit　and　its　individuation　or　sense…consciousness；　the　system　of　shapes　assumed　by
consciousness；　as　an　orderly　self…constituted　whole　of　the　life　of　spirit；　the　system　of　forms　of
conscious　life　which　is　dealt　with　in　this　treatise；　and　which　finds　its　objective　existential　expression
as　the　history　of　the　world。　But　organic　nature　has　no　history；　it　drops　from　its
universal；life；immediately　into　the　individuation　of　existence；　and　the　moments　of　simple
determinateness　and　individual　living　activity　which　are　united　in　this　realization；　bring　about　the
process　of　change　merely　as　a　contingent　movement；　wherein　each　plays　its　own　part　and　the
whole　is　preserved。　But　the　energy　thus　exerted　is　restricted；　so　far　as　itself　is　concerned；　merely
to　its　own　fixed　centre；　because　the　whole　is　not　present　in　it；　and　the　whole　is　not　there　because
the　whole　is　not　as　such　here　for　itself。　

Besides　the　fact；　then；　that　reason　in　observing　organic　nature　only　comes　to　see　itself　as　universal
life　in　general；　it　comes　to　see　the　development　and　realization　of　this　life　merely　by　way　of　systems
distinguished　quite　generally；　in　the　determination　of　which　the　essential　reality　lies　not　in　the
organic　as　such；　but　in　the　universal　individual　＇the　earth＇；　and　among　these　distinctions　of　earth　＇it
comes　to　see　that　development　and　realization＇　in　the　form　of　sequences　which　the　genus　attempts
to　establish。　

Since；　then；　in　its　realization；　the　universality　found　in　organic　life　lets　itself　drop　directly　into　the
extreme　of　individuation；　without　any　true　self…referring　process　of　mediation；　the　thing　before　the
observing　mind　is　merely　a　would…be　〃meaning〃；　and　if　reason　can　take　an　idle　interest　to　observe
what　is　thus　〃meant〃　here；　it　is　confined　to　describing　and　recording　nature's　meanings〃　and
incidental　suggestions。　This　irrational　freedom　of　〃fancying〃　doubtless　will　proffer　on　all　sides
beginnings　of　laws；　traces　of　necessity；　allusions　to　order　and　sequence；　ingenious　and　specious
relations　of　all　kinds。　But　in　relating　the　organic　to　the　different　facts　of　the　inorganic；　elements；
zones；　climates；　so　far　as　regards　law　and　necessary　conn