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the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及11嫗

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does the least thing escape their watchful care。 

     ��16�А�Or�察 �reason as you are wont to do。; 

     To my   mind   the   effect of   words like these was   to   cause those   about 

him to hold aloof from unholiness�察�baseness�察�and injustice�察�not only whilst 



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they   were   seen   of   men�察  �but   even   in   the   solitary   place�察  �since   they   must 

believe that no part of their conduct could escape the eye of Heaven。 



                                                V 



     I   suppose   it   may   be   taken   as   admitted   that   self´control   is   a   noble 

acquirement   for   a   man。��1�А  �If   so�察  �let   us   turn   and   consider   whether   by 

language like the following he was likely to lead his listeners onwards��2�А�

to the attainment of this virtue。 ;Sirs�察─�he would say�察 �if a war came upon 

us   and   we   wished     to  choose   a   man   who   would   best   help   us   to   save 

ourselves and to subdue our enemy�察�I suppose we should scarcely select 

one whom we knew to be a slave to his belly�察�to wine�察�or lust�察�and prone to 

succumb   to toil   or sleep。  Could   we  expect   such   an   one  to   save  us   or   to 

master our foes�拭�Or if one of us were nearing the end of his days�察�and he 

wished     to  discover   some      one   to  whom   he     might   entrust    his   sons  for 

education�察�his maiden daughters for protection�察�and his property in general 

for preservation�察�would he deem a libertine worthy of such offices�拭�Why�察�

no   one   would   dream   of   entrusting   his   flocks   and   herds�察  �his   storehouses 

and barns�察�or the superintendence of his works to the tender mercies of an 

intemperate slave。 If a butler or an errand boy with such a character were 

offered to us we would not take him as a free gift。 And if he would not 

accept an intemperate slave�察�what pains should the master himself take to 

avoid that imputation。��3�А�For with the incontinent man it is not as with the 

self´seeker   and   the   covetous。   These   may   at   any   rate   be   held   to   enrich 

themselves in depriving others。 But the intemperate man cannot claim in 

like fashion to be a blessing to himself if a curse to his neighbours�察�nay�察�

the mischief which he may cause to others is nothing by comparison with 

that which redounds against himself�察�since it is the height of mischief to 

ruinI do not say one's own house and propertybut one's own body and 

one's   own   soul。   Or   to   take   an   example   from   social   intercourse�察  �no   one 

cares for a guest who evidently takes more pleasure in the wine and the 

viands   than   in   the   friends   beside   himwho   stints   his   comrades   of   the 



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affection due  to them  to dote  upon a  mistress。 Does it not   come to   this�察�

that   every   honest   man   is   bound   to   look   upon   self´restraint   as   the   very 

corner´stone of virtue�今�4�А�which he should seek to lay down as the basis 

and foundation of his soul�拭�Without self´restraint who can lay any good 

lesson to heart or practise it when learnt in any degree worth speaking of�拭�

Or�察�to put it conversely�察�what slave of pleasure will not suffer degeneracy 

of soul and body�拭�By Hera�撮�5�А�well may every free man pray to be saved 

from the service of such a slave�察�and well too may he who is in bondage to 

such pleasures supplicate Heaven to send him good masters�察�seeing that is 

the one hope of salvation left him。; 

     ��1�А�Lit。 ;a beautiful and brave possesion。; 

     ��2�А。�proubibaze��。 

     ��3�А  �Or�察   �how   should   the   master   himself   beware   lest   he   fall   into   that 

category。; 

     ��4�А。�krepida��。 See Pind。 ;Pyth。; iv。 138�察�ib。 vii。 3�察�ib。 fr。 93。 

     ��5�А   �See   below�察   �III。  x。  9�察 �xi。   5�察 �IV。   ii。  9�察 �iv。  8�察  �Econ。;    x。   1�察�

;Cyrop。; I。 iv。 12�察�Plat。 ;Phaedr。; 230 B。 Cf。 Shakesp。 ;by'r                    Lakin。; 

     Well´tempered words�此  �yet   his   self´restraint   shone   forth   even   more   in 

his acts than in his language。 Not only was he master over the pleasures 

which flow from the body�察�but of those also which are fed by riches�察�his 

belief being   that he  who receives   money  from this   or that   chance  donor 

sets up over himself a master�察�and binds himself to an abominable slavery。 



                                               VI 



     In this context some discussions with Antiphon the sophist��1�А�deserve 

record。     Antiphon     approaches      Socrates    in  hope    of   drawing     away    his 

associates�察�and in their presence thus accosts him。 

     ��1�А  。�o   teratoskopos���察     �jealous    of  Socrates�察─   �according     to  Aristotle 

ap。 Diog。 Laert。 II。 v。 25。 See Cobet�察 �Pros。 Xen。; 

     Antiphon。 Why�察�Socrates�察�I always thought it was expected of students 

of   philosophy   to   grow  in   happiness   daily�察  �but   you   seem  to   have   reaped 



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other fruits from your philosophy。 At any rate�察�you exist�察�I do not say live�察�

in a style such as no slave serving under a master would put up with。 Your 

meat and your drink are of the cheapest sort�察�and as to clothes�察�you cling to 

one wretched cloak which serves you for summer and winter alike�察�and so 

you go the whole year round�察�without shoes to your feet or a shirt to your 

back。   Then   again�察  �you   are   not   for   taking   or   making   money�察  �the   mere 

seeking   of   which   is   a   pleasure�察  �even   as   the   possession   of   it   adds   to   the 

sweetness   and   independence   of   existence。   I   do   not   know   whether   you 

follow   the   common   rule   of   teachers�察  �who   try   to   fashion   their   pupils   in 

imitation   of themselves�撮�2�А �and   propose   to   mould   the   characters of   your 

companions�察�but if you do you ought to dub yourself professor of the art of 

wretchedness。��3�А�

     ��2�А�Or�察 �try to turn out their pupils as copies of themselves。; 

     ��3�А�See Arist。 ;Clouds�察─。�on o kakodaimon Sokrates kai Khairephon��。 

     Thus      challenged�察    �Socrates     replied�此   �One     thing    to  me    is  certain�察�

Antiphon�察�you have conceived so vivid an idea of my life of misery that 

for   yourself   you   would   choose   death   sooner   than   live   as   I   do。   Suppose 

now we turn and consider what it is you find so hard in my life。 Is it that 

he   who   takes   payment   must   as   a   matter   of   contract   finish   the   work   for 

which he is paid�察�whereas I�察�who do not take it�察�lie under no constraint to 

discourse except with whom I choose�拭�Do you despise my dietary on the 

ground that the food which I eat is less wholesome and less stengthening 

than   yours�察  �or   that   the   articles   of   my   consumption   are   so   scarce   and   so 

much costlier to procure than yours�拭�Or have the fruits of your marketing 

a flavour denied to mine�拭�Do you not know the sharper the appetite the 

less the need of sauces�察�the keener the thirst the less the desire for out´of´ 

the´way   drinks�拭�And   as   to   raiment�察  �clothes�察  �you   know�察  �are   changed   on 

account of cold or else of heat。 People only wear boots and shoes in order 

not to gall their feet and be prevented walking。 Now I ask you�察�have you 

ever noticed that I keep more within doors than others on account of the 

cold�拭�Have you ever seen me battling with any one for shade on account 

of the heat�拭�Do you not know that even a weakling by nature may�察�by dint 

of exercise and practice�察�come to outdo a giant who neglects his body�拭�He 



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