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the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及43嫗

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audacity  to   commingle  what   the   chef holds   incongruous�察 �whereby  if   the 

cooks are right in their method he is wrong in his�察�and consequently the 

destroyer of their art。 Now is it not ridiculous first to procure the greatest 

virtuosi to cook for us�察�and then without any claim to their skill to take and 

alter their procedure�拭�But there is a worse thing in store for the bold man 

who habituates himself to eat a dozen dishes at once�此�when there are but 

few   dishes   served�察  �out   of   pure   habit   he   will   feel   himself   half   starved�察�

whilst his neighbour�察�accustomed to send his sop down by help of a single 

relish�察�will feast merrily�察�be the dishes never so few。 

     ��13�А。�psomos���察�a sop or morsel of bread ��cf。 ��psomion���察�N。 T。�察�in mod。 

Greek = ;bread;��。 

     ��14�А  �Huckleberry   Finn        ��p。  2  of   that  young     person's    ;Adventures;�� 

propounds the rationale of the system�此 �In a barrel of odds and                           ends 

it   is   different�察  �things   get   mixed   up�察  �and   the   juice   kind   of       swaps 



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around�察�and the things go better。; 

     He had a saying that ��euokheisthai���察�to ;make good cheer�察┌�15�А�was in 

Attic parlance a synonym for ;eating�察─�and the affix ��eu�� ��the attributive 

;good;�� connoted the eating of such things as would not trouble soul or 

body�察  �and   were   not   far   to   seek   or   hard   to   find。   So   that   to   ;make   good 

cheer;   in   his   vocabulary   applied   to   a   modest   and   well´ordered   style   of 

living。��16�А�

     ��15�А  。�euokheisthai���察  �cf。   ;Cyrop。;   IV。   v。   7�察   �Pol。 Ath。;   ii。   9�察  �Kuhner 

cf。    Eustah。     ;ad    Il。;  ii。  p。   212�察    �37�察  。�'Akhaioi      ten   trophen      okhen 

legousin   oxutonos��。 Athen。   viii。   363   B。   See   ;Hipparch�察─  �viii。   4�察              �of 

horses。 Cf。 Arist。 ;H。 A。; viii。 6。 

     ��16�А�See ;Symp。; vi。 7�察�and for similar far´fetched etymologies�察�Plat。 

;Crat。; passim。 



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                                   BOOK IV 



                                               I 



     Such   was   Socrates�察  �so   helpful   under   all   circumstances   and   in   every 

way     that  no   observer�察   �gifted   with   ordinary    sensibility�察  �could   fail  to 

appreciate the fact�察�that to be with Socrates�察�and to spend long time in his 

society    ��no   matter    where    or  what    the  circumstances���察     �was    indeed   a 

priceless    gain。   Even   the   recollection    of  him�察  �when    he  was   no   longer 

present�察�was felt as no small benefit by those who had grown accustomed 

to be with him�察�and who accepted him。 Nor indeed was he less helpful to 

his acquaintance in his lighter than in his graver moods。 

     Let us take as an example that saying of his�察�so often on his lips�此 �I am 

in love with so and so;�察�and all the while it was obvious the going´forth of 

his soul was not towards excellence of body in the bloom of beauty�察�but 

rather towards faculties of the soul unfolding in virtue。��1�А�And these ;good 

natures; he detected by certain tokens�此�a readiness to learn that to which 

the attention was directed�察�a power of retaining in the memory the lessons 

learnt�察�and a passionate predilection for those studies in particular which 

serve to good administration of a house or of a state�撮�2�А�and in general to 

the proper handling of man and human affairs。 Such beings�察�he maintained�察�

needed only to be educated��3�А�to become not only happy themselves and 

happy   administrators   of   their   private   households�察  �but   to   be   capable   of 

rendering other human beings as states or individuals happy also。 

     ��1�А �Or�察   �not   excellence   of   body  in   respect   of beauty�察  �but   of   the   soul 

as regards virtue�察�and this good natural disposition might be                    detected 

by the readiness of its possessor to learn�察─�etc。 Cf。                 Plat。 ;Rep。; 535 

B。 

     ��2�А�Cf。 above�察�I。 i。 7。 



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     ��3�А  �Or�察   �A  person   of   this   type   would�察  �if   educated�察  �not   only   prove   a 

fortune´favoured invididual himself and�察─�etc。 Al。 Kuhner�察 �Eos�察                         �qui 

ita instituti sunt�察�ut tales sint。; 

     He    had   indeed    a  different   way   of   dealing    with   different    kinds   of 

people。��4�А�Those who thought they had good natural ability and despised 

learning   he   instructed   that   the   most   highly´gifted   nature   stands   most   in 

need of training and education�撮�5�А�and he would point out how in the case 

of horses it is just the spirited and fiery thoroughbred which�察�if properly 

broken in as a colt�察�will develop into a serviceable and superb animal�察�but 

if left unbroken will turn out utterly intractable and good for nothing。 Or 

take the case of dogs�此�a puppy exhibiting that zest for toil and eagerness to 

attack wild creatures which are the marks of high breeding�撮�6�А�will�察�if well 

brought up�察�prove excellent for the chase or for any other useful purpose�察�

but    neglect   his   education    and    he  will   turn  out   a  stupid�察  �crazy   brute�察�

incapable   of     obeying    the   simplest    command。       It  is   just  the  same  with 

human beings�察�here also the youth of best natural endowments that is to 

say�察�possessing the most robust qualities of spirit and a fixed determination 

to carry out whatever he has laid his hand to will�察�if trained and taught 

what   it   is   right   to   do�察  �prove   a   superlatively   good   and   useful   man。   He 

achieves�察�in fact�察�what is best upon the grandest scale。 But leave him in 

boorish ignorance untrained�察�and he will prove not only very bad but very 

mischievous�撮�7�А�and for this reason�察�that lacking the knowledge to discern 

what is right to do�察�he will frequently lay his hand to villainous practices�察�

whilst   the   very   magnificence   and   vehemence   of   his   character   render   it 

impossible either to rein him in or to turn him aside from his evil courses。 

Hence in his case also his achievements are on the grandest scale but of 

the worst。��8�А�

     ��4�А�Or�察 �His method of attack was not indeed uniformly the same。 It 

varied with the individual。; 

     ��5�А�Or�察 �If any one was disposed to look down upon learning and study 

in reliance upon his own natural ability�察�he tried to lesson him                      that it 

is just the highly´gifted nature which stands�察─�etc。 See                     Newman�察�op。 

cit。 i。 397。 



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     ��6�А�Cf。 Aristot。 ;H。 A。; ix。 1�察�and ;Hunting�察─�iii。 11。 

     ��7�А�Or�察 �and the same man may easily become a master villain of the 

most dangerous sort。; 

     ��8�А�Kuhner ad loc。 after Fr。 Hermann cf。 Plato。 ;Crito�察─�44 E�察 �Hipp。 

min。; 375 E�察 �Rep。; vi。 491 E�察 �Gorg。; 526 A�察 �Polit。; 303 A。 

     Or to take the type of person so eaten up with the pride of riches that 

he conceives himself dispensed from any further need of education since 

it   is   ;money   makes   the   man�察─  �and   his   wealth   will   amply   suffice   him   to 

carry   out    his  desires   and   to  win   honours     from   admiring     humanity。��9�А�

Socrates would bring such people to their senses by pointing out the folly 

of   supposing that   without   instruction it   was   possible to draw  the  line   of 

demarcation��10�А�between what is gainful and what is hurtful in conduct�察�

and the further folly of supposing that�察�apart from such discrimination�察�a 

man could help hims

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