the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及7嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
lack of intelligence means lack of worth�撮�29�А �and so he called upon his
hearers to be as sensible and useful as they could be�察�so that�察�be it father or
brother or any one else whose esteem he would deserve�察�a man should not
hug himself in careless self´interest�察 �trusting to mere relationship�察 �but
strive to be useful to those whose esteem he coveted。
��29�А�i。e。 ;witless and worthless are synonymous。;
But ��pursues the accuser�� by carefully culling the most immoral
passages of the famous poets�察�and using them as evidences�察�he taught his
associates to be evildoers and tyrranical�此 �the line of Hesiod��30�А �for
instance
No work is a disgrace�察�slackness of work is the disgrace
;interpreted�察─�says the accuser�察 �by Socrates as if the poet enjoined us
to abstain from no work wicked or ignoble�察�do everything for the sake of
gain。;
��30�А �Works and Days�察─ �309 ��'Ergon d' ouden oneidos��。 Cf。 Plat。
;Charm。; 163 C。
Now while Socrates would have entirely admitted the propositions that
;it is a blessing and a benefit to a man to be a worker�察─�and that ;a lazy do´
nothing is a pestilent evil�察─�that ;work is good and idleness a curse�察─�the
question arises�察 �whom did he mean by workers�拭 �In his vocabulary only
those were good workmen��31�А �who were engaged on good work�察 �dicers
20
´ Page 21´
The Memorabilia
and gamblers and others engaged on any other base and ruinous business
he stigmatised as the ;idle drones;�察 �and from this point of view the
quotation from Hesiod is unimpeachable
No work is a disgrace�察�only idlesse is disgrace。
But there was a passage from Homer��32�А�for ever on his lips�察�as the
accuser tells usthe passage which says concerning Odysseus�察�
What prince�察�or man of name�察�He found flight´giv'n�察�he would restrain
with words of gentlest blame�此 �Good sir�察�it fits you not to fly�察�or fare as
one afraid�察�You should not only stay yourself�察�but see the people stayed。;
Thus he the best sort us'd�察 �the worst�察 �whose spirits brake out in
noise�撮�33�А�He cudgell'd with his sceptre�察�chid�察�and said�察 �Stay�察�wretch�察�be
still�察�And hear thy betters�察�thou art base�察�and both in power and skill Poor
and unworthy�察 �without name in counsel or in war。; We must not all be
kings。
��31�А�See below�察�III。 ix。 9。
��32�А �Il。; ii。 188 foll。�察�199 foll。 ��so Chapman��。
��33�А �Lit。 ;But whatever man of the people he saw and found him
shouting。;W。 Leaf。
The accuser informs us that Socrates interpreted these lines as though
the poet approved the giving of blows to commoners and poor folk。 Now
no such remark was ever made by Socrates�察 �which indeed would have
been tantamount to maintaining that he ought to be beaten himself。 What
he did say was�察�that those who were useful neither in word nor deed�察�who
were incapable of rendering assistance in time of need to the army or the
state or the people itself�察�be they never so wealthy�察�ought to be restrained�察�
and especially if to incapacity they added effrontery。
As to Socrates�察�he was the very opposite of all thishe was plainly a
lover of the people�察 �and indeed of all mankind。 Though he had many
ardent admirers among citizens and strangers alike�察 �he never demanded
any fee for his society from any one�撮�34�А�but bestowed abundantly upon
all alike of the riches of his souldgood things�察 �indeed�察 �of which
fragments accepted gratis at his hands were taken and sold at high prices
to the rest of the community by some�撮�35�А�who were not�察�as he was�察�lovers
21
´ Page 22´
The Memorabilia
of the people�察�since with those who had not money to give in return they
refused to discourse。 But of Socrates be it said that in the eyes of the
whole world he reflected more honour on the state and a richer lustre than
ever Lichas�撮�36�А�whose fame is proverbial�察�shed on Lacedaemon。 Lichas
feasted and entertained the foreign residents in Lacedaemon at the
Gymnopaediae most handsomely。 Socrates gave a lifetime to the
outpouring of his substance in the shape of the greatest benefits bestowed
on all who cared to receive them。 In other words�察�he made those who lived
in his society better men�察�and sent them on their way rejoicing。
��34�А�See ;Symp。; iv。 43�察�Plat。 ;Hipp。 maj。; 300 D�察 �Apol。; 19 E。
��35�А�See Diog。 Laert。 II。 viii。 1。
��36�А �See ;Hell。; III。 ii。 21�察�Thuc。 v。 50�察 �Plut。 ;Cim。; 284 C。 For the
Gymnopaediae�察�see Paus。 III。 xi。 9�察�Athen。 xiv。 p。 631。
To no other conclusion�察�therefore�察�can I come but that�察�being so good a
man�察�Socrates was worthier to have received honour from the state than
death。 And this I take to be the strictly legal view of the case�察 �for what
does the law require�殖�37�А �If a man be proved to be a thief�察�a filcher of
clothes�察 �a cut´purse�察 �a housebreaker�察 �a man´stealer�察 �a robber of temples�察�
the penalty is death。; Even so�察�and of all men Socrates stood most aloof
from such crimes。
��37�А�See ;Symp。; iv。 36�察�Plat。 ;Rep。; 575 B�察 �Gorg。; 508 E。
To the state he was never the cause of any evilneither disaster in war�察�
nor faction�察 �nor treason�察 �nor any other mischief whatsoever。 And if his
public life was free from all offence�察�so was his private。 He never hurt a
single soul either by deprivation of good or infliction of evil�察�nor did he
ever lie under the imputation of any of those misdoings。 WHere then is his
liability to the indictment to be found�拭�Who�察�so far from disbelieving in
the gods�察�as set forth in the indictment�察�was conspicuous beyond all men
for service to heaven�察�so far from corrupting the younga charge alleged
with insistence by the prosecutorwas notorious for the zeal with which
he strove not only to stay his associates from evil desires�察�but to foster in
them a passionate desire for that loveliest and queenliest of virtues without
which states and families crumble to decay。��38�А�Such being his conduct�察�
22
´ Page 23´
The Memorabilia
was he not worthy of high honour from the state of Athens�拭�
��38�А�Or�察 �the noblest and proudest virtue by means of which states and
families are prosperously directed。;
III
It may serve to illustrate the assertion that he benefited his associates
partly by the display of his own virtue and partly by verbal discourse and
argument�察�if I set down my various recollections��1�А�on these heads。 And
first with regard to religion and the concerns of heaven。 In conduct and
language his behaviour conformed to the rule laid down by the Pythia��2�А�
in reply to the question�察 �How shall we act�拭─�as touching a sacrifice or the
worship of ancestors�察�or any similar point。 Her answer is�此 �Act according
to the law and custom of your state�察�and you will act piously。; After this
pattern Socrates behaved himself�察 �and so he exhorted others to behave�察�
holding them to be but busybodies and vain fellows who acted on any
different principle。
��1�А�Hence the title of the work�察。�'Apomenmoneumata���察 �Recollections�察�
Memoirs�察�Memorabilia。; See Diog。 Laert。 ;Xen。; II。 vi。 48。
��2�А�The Pythia at