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the memorabilia(射廷瞳)-及7嫗

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lack   of   intelligence   means   lack   of   worth�撮�29�А  �and   so   he   called   upon   his 

hearers to be as sensible and useful as they could be�察�so that�察�be it father or 

brother or any one else whose esteem he would deserve�察�a man should not 

hug    himself   in   careless   self´interest�察  �trusting   to   mere   relationship�察  �but 

strive to be useful to those whose esteem he coveted。 

     ��29�А�i。e。 ;witless and worthless are synonymous。; 

     But    ��pursues     the   accuser��    by   carefully    culling    the   most    immoral 

passages of the famous poets�察�and using them as evidences�察�he taught his 

associates      to  be   evildoers     and   tyrranical�此   �the   line  of   Hesiod��30�А     �for 

instance 

           No work is a disgrace�察�slackness of work is the disgrace 

     ;interpreted�察─�says the accuser�察 �by Socrates as if the poet enjoined us 

to abstain from no work wicked or ignoble�察�do everything for the sake of 

gain。; 

     ��30�А   �Works      and   Days�察─    �309   ��'Ergon     d'   ouden   oneidos��。   Cf。    Plat。 

;Charm。; 163 C。 

     Now while Socrates would have entirely admitted the propositions that 

;it is a blessing and a benefit to a man to be a worker�察─�and that ;a lazy do´ 

nothing is a pestilent evil�察─�that ;work is good and idleness a curse�察─�the 

question   arises�察  �whom  did   he   mean   by  workers�拭  �In   his   vocabulary   only 

those were  good   workmen��31�А �who   were  engaged on good   work�察  �dicers 



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and gamblers and others engaged on any other base and ruinous business 

he    stigmatised    as  the   ;idle  drones;�察   �and   from    this  point   of  view    the 

quotation from Hesiod is unimpeachable 

           No work is a disgrace�察�only idlesse is disgrace。 

     But there was a passage from Homer��32�А�for ever on his lips�察�as the 

accuser tells usthe passage which says concerning Odysseus�察�

     What prince�察�or man of name�察�He found flight´giv'n�察�he would restrain 

with words of gentlest blame�此 �Good sir�察�it fits you not to fly�察�or fare as 

one afraid�察�You should not only stay yourself�察�but see the people stayed。; 

     Thus     he  the   best  sort  us'd�察  �the  worst�察  �whose     spirits  brake    out  in 

noise�撮�33�А�He cudgell'd with his sceptre�察�chid�察�and said�察 �Stay�察�wretch�察�be 

still�察�And hear thy betters�察�thou art base�察�and both in power and skill Poor 

and   unworthy�察  �without   name   in   counsel   or   in   war。;   We   must   not   all   be 

kings。 

     ��31�А�See below�察�III。 ix。 9。 

     ��32�А �Il。; ii。 188 foll。�察�199 foll。 ��so Chapman��。 

     ��33�А  �Lit。   ;But   whatever   man   of   the   people   he   saw   and   found   him 

shouting。;W。 Leaf。 

     The accuser informs us that Socrates interpreted these lines as though 

the poet approved the giving of blows to commoners and poor folk。 Now 

no   such   remark   was   ever   made   by   Socrates�察  �which   indeed   would   have 

been tantamount to maintaining that he ought to be beaten himself。 What 

he did say was�察�that those who were useful neither in word nor deed�察�who 

were incapable of rendering assistance in time of need to the army or the 

state or the people itself�察�be they never so wealthy�察�ought to be restrained�察�

and especially if to incapacity they added effrontery。 

     As to Socrates�察�he was the very opposite of all thishe was plainly a 

lover   of   the   people�察  �and   indeed   of   all   mankind。   Though   he   had   many 

ardent   admirers   among   citizens   and   strangers   alike�察  �he   never   demanded 

any fee for his society from any one�撮�34�А�but bestowed abundantly upon 

all   alike   of   the  riches    of  his   souldgood      things�察  �indeed�察   �of  which 

fragments accepted gratis at his hands were taken and sold at high prices 

to the rest of the community by some�撮�35�А�who were not�察�as he was�察�lovers 



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of the people�察�since with those who had not money to give in return they 

refused   to   discourse。   But   of   Socrates   be   it   said   that   in   the   eyes   of   the 

whole world he reflected more honour on the state and a richer lustre than 

ever Lichas�撮�36�А�whose fame is proverbial�察�shed on Lacedaemon。 Lichas 

feasted     and   entertained     the   foreign    residents    in  Lacedaemon        at  the 

Gymnopaediae          most     handsomely。      Socrates     gave     a  lifetime    to   the 

outpouring of his substance in the shape of the greatest benefits bestowed 

on all who cared to receive them。 In other words�察�he made those who lived 

in his society better men�察�and sent them on their way rejoicing。 

     ��34�А�See ;Symp。; iv。 43�察�Plat。 ;Hipp。 maj。; 300 D�察 �Apol。; 19 E。 

     ��35�А�See Diog。 Laert。 II。 viii。 1。 

     ��36�А �See   ;Hell。;   III。   ii。   21�察�Thuc。 v。  50�察  �Plut。   ;Cim。;   284   C。   For   the 

Gymnopaediae�察�see Paus。 III。 xi。 9�察�Athen。 xiv。 p。 631。 

     To no other conclusion�察�therefore�察�can I come but that�察�being so good a 

man�察�Socrates was worthier to have received honour from the state than 

death。 And this   I   take   to   be   the strictly  legal view of   the   case�察 �for   what 

does the law require�殖�37�А �If a man be proved to be a thief�察�a filcher of 

clothes�察  �a   cut´purse�察  �a   housebreaker�察  �a   man´stealer�察  �a   robber   of   temples�察�

the penalty is death。; Even so�察�and of all men Socrates stood most aloof 

from such crimes。 

     ��37�А�See ;Symp。; iv。 36�察�Plat。 ;Rep。; 575 B�察 �Gorg。; 508 E。 

     To the state he was never the cause of any evilneither disaster in war�察�

nor   faction�察  �nor   treason�察  �nor   any   other   mischief   whatsoever。 And   if   his 

public life was free from all offence�察�so was his private。 He never hurt a 

single soul either by deprivation of good or infliction of evil�察�nor did he 

ever lie under the imputation of any of those misdoings。 WHere then is his 

liability to the indictment to be found�拭�Who�察�so far from disbelieving in 

the gods�察�as set forth in the indictment�察�was conspicuous beyond all men 

for service to heaven�察�so far from corrupting the younga charge alleged 

with insistence by the prosecutorwas notorious for the zeal with which 

he strove not only to stay his associates from evil desires�察�but to foster in 

them a passionate desire for that loveliest and queenliest of virtues without 

which states and families crumble to decay。��38�А�Such being his conduct�察�



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was he not worthy of high honour from the state of Athens�拭�

     ��38�А�Or�察 �the noblest and proudest virtue by means of which states and 

families are prosperously directed。; 



                                                III 



     It may serve to illustrate the assertion that he benefited his associates 

partly by the display of his own virtue and partly by verbal discourse and 

argument�察�if I set down my various recollections��1�А�on these heads。 And 

first   with   regard   to   religion   and   the   concerns   of   heaven。   In   conduct   and 

language his behaviour conformed to the rule laid down by the Pythia��2�А�

in reply to the question�察 �How shall we act�拭─�as touching a sacrifice or the 

worship of ancestors�察�or any similar point。 Her answer is�此 �Act according 

to the law and custom of your state�察�and you will act piously。; After this 

pattern   Socrates   behaved   himself�察  �and   so   he   exhorted   others   to   behave�察�

holding   them   to   be   but   busybodies   and   vain   fellows   who   acted   on   any 

different principle。 

     ��1�А�Hence the title of the work�察。�'Apomenmoneumata���察 �Recollections�察�

Memoirs�察�Memorabilia。; See Diog。 Laert。 ;Xen。; II。 vi。 48。 

     ��2�А�The Pythia at

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