贝壳电子书 > 英文原著电子书 > the origins of contemporary france-1 >

第94章

the origins of contemporary france-1-第94章

小说: the origins of contemporary france-1 字数: 每页4000字

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!
————未阅读完?加入书签已便下次继续阅读!




fashionable world; a masquerade of Frenchmen in Spanish costumes; with

a parade of dresses; changing scenes; couplets; a ballet; a singing

and dancing village; a medley of odd characters; gentlemen; servants;

duennas; judges; notaries; lawyers; music…masters; gardeners;

pastoureaux; in short; a spectacle for the eyes and the ears; for all

the senses; the very opposite of the prevailing drama in which three

pasteboard characters; seated on classic chairs; exchange didactic

arguments in an abstract saloon。  And still better; it is an imbroglio

displaying a superabundance of action; amidst intrigues that cross;

interrupt and renew each other; through a pêle…mêle of travesties;

exposures; surprises; mistakes; leaps from windows; quarrels and

slaps; and all in sparkling style; each phrase flashing on all sides;

where responses seem to be cut out by a lapidary; where the eyes would

forget themselves in contemplating the multiplied brilliants of the

dialogue if the mind were not carried along by its rapidity and the

excitement of the action。  But here is another charm; the most welcome

of all in a society passionately fond of Parny; according to an

expression of the Comte d'Artois; which I dare not quote; this appeals

to the senses; the arousing of which constitutes the spiciness and

savor of the piece。  The fruit that hangs ripening and savory on the

branch never falls but always seems on the point of falling; all hands

are extended to catch it; its voluptuousness somewhat veiled but so

much the more provoking; declaring itself from scene to scene; in the

Count's gallantry; in the Countess's agitation; in the simplicity of

Fanchette; in the jestings of Figaro; in the liberties of Susanne; and

reaching its climax in the precocity of Cherubino。  Add to this a

continual double sense; the author hidden behind his characters; truth

put into the mouth of a clown; malice enveloped in simple utterances;

the master duped but saved from being ridiculous by his deportment;

the valet rebellious but preserved from acrimony by his gaiety; and

you can comprehend how Beaumarchais could have the ancient regime

played before its head; put political and social satire on the stage;

publicly attach an expression to each wrong so as to become a by…word;

and ever making a loud report;'44' gather up into a few traits the

entire polemics of the philosophers against the prisons of the State;

against the censorship of literature; against the venality of office;

against the privileges of birth; against the arbitrary power of

ministers; against the incapacity of people in office; and still

better; to sum up in one character every public demand; give the

leading part to a commoner; bastard; bohemian and valet; who; by dint

of dexterity; courage and good…humor; keeps himself up; swims with the

tide; and shoots ahead in his little skiff; avoiding contact with

larger craft and even supplanting his master; accompanying each pull

on the oar with a shower of wit cast broadside at all his rivals。



After all; in France at least; the chief power is intellect。

Literature in the service of philosophy is all…sufficient。  The public

opposes but a feeble resistance to their complicity; the mistress

finding no trouble in convincing those who have already been won over

by the servant



___________________________________________________________



Notes:



'1' How right Taine was。  The 20th century should see a rebirth of

violent Jacobinism in Russia; China; Cambodia; Korea; Cuba; Germany;

Italy; Yugoslavia and Albania and of soft and creeping Jacobinism in

the entire Western world。  (SR。)



'2'。  〃Who; born within the last forty years; ever read a word of

Collins; and Toland; and Tindal; or of that whole race who called

themselves freethinkers?〃 (Burke; 〃Reflexions on the French

Revolutions;〃 1790)。



'3'。  The 〃Oedipe;〃 by Voltaire; belongs to the year 1718; and his

〃Lettres sur les Anglais;〃 to the year 1728。  The 〃Lettres Persanes;〃

by Montesquieu; published in 1721; contain the germs of all the

leading ideas of the century。



'4'。  〃Raison〃 (cult of)。  Cult proposed by the Hébertists and

aimed at replacing Christianity under the French Revolution。  The Cult

of Reason was celebrated in the church of Notre Dame de Paris on the

10th of November 1793。  The cult disappeared with the Hébertists

(March 1794) and Robespierre replaced it with the cult of the Superior

Being。  (SR。)



'5'。  Joseph de Maistre; Oeuvres inédites;〃 pp。  8; 11。



'6'。  Diderot's letters on the Blind and on the Deaf and Dumb are

addressed in whole or in part to women。



'7'。  〃Correspondence of Gouverneur Morris;〃 (in English); II; 89。

(Letter of January 24; 1790)



'8'。  John Andrews in 〃A comparative view;〃 etc。  (1785)。  … Arthur

Young; I。  123。  〃I should pity the man who expected; without other

advantages of a very different nature; to be well received in a

brilliant circle in London; because he was a fellow of the Royal

Society。  But this would not be the case with a member of the Academy

of Sciences at Paris; he is sure of a good reception everywhere。〃



'9'。  〃I met in Paris the d'Alemberts; the Marmontels; the Baillys

at the houses of duchesses; which was an immense advantage to all

concerned。  。  。  。  When a man with us devotes himself to writing

books he is considered as renouncing the society equally of those who

govern as of those who laugh。  。  。  Taking literary vanity into

account the lives of your d'Alemberts and Baillys are as pleasant as

those of your seigniors。〃 (Stendhal; 〃Rome; Naples et Florence;〃 377;

in a narrative by Col。  Forsyth)。



'10'。  〃Entretien d'un philosophe avec la Maréchale …。〃



'11'。  The television audience today cannot threaten never again to

invite the boring 〃philosopher〃 to dinner; but will zap away; a move

that the system accurately senses。  The rules that Taine describes

are; alas; therefore once more valid。  (SR。)



'12'。  The same process is observable in our day in the 〃Sophismes

économiques〃 of Bastiat; the 〃Eloges historiques〃 of Flourens; and in

〃Le Progrès;〃 by Edmond About。



'13'。  The 〃Portier de Chartreux。〃 (An infamous pornographic book。

(SR。))



'14'。  〃Thérese Philosophe。〃 There is a complete literature of this

species。



'15'。  See the edition of M。 Dauban in which the suppressed

passages are restored。



'16'。  〃Esprit des Lois;〃 ch。  XV。  book V。  (Reasons in favor of

slavery)。  The 〃Defence of the Esprit des Lois;〃 I。  Reply to the

second objection。  II。  Reply to the fourth objection。



'17'。  Letter 24 (on Louis XIV。)



'18'。  Letter 18 (on the purity and impurity of things)。  Letter 39

(proofs of the mission of Mohammed)。



'19'。  Letters 75 and 118。



'20'。  Letters 98 (on the modern sciences); 46 (on a true system of

worship); 11 and 14 (on the nature of justice)。



'21'。  Cf 〃Micromégas;〃 〃L'homme aux quarantes écus;〃 〃Dialogues

entre A; B; C;〃 Dic。  Philosophique;〃 passim。   …  In verse; 〃Les

systèmes;〃 〃La loi naturelle;〃 〃Le pour et le countre;〃; 〃Discours sur

l'homme;〃 etc。



'22'。  〃Traité de métaphysique;〃 chap。  I。  p。1 (on the peasantry)。

…  〃Lettres sur les Anglais;〃 passim。   …   〃Candide;〃 passim。   …

〃La Princesse de Babylone;〃 ch。  VII。  VIII。  IX。  and XI。



'23' 〃Dict。  Phil。〃 articles; 〃Maladie;〃 (Replies to the princess)。

…  〃Candide;〃 at Madame de Parolignac。  The sailor in the wreck。

Narrative of Paquette。   …  The 〃Ingénu;〃 the first chapters。



'24'。  〃Candide;〃 the last chapter。  When there was no dispute

going on; it was so wearisome that the old woman one day boldly said

to him: 〃I should like to know which is worse to be ravished a hundred

times by Negro pirates; to have one's rump gashed; or be switched by

the Bulgarians; to be scourged or hung in an auto…da…fé; to be cut to

pieces; to row in the galleys; to suffer any misery through which we

have passed; or sit still and do

返回目录 上一页 下一页 回到顶部 0 1

你可能喜欢的