essays-1-第42章
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。。。 。。。 3 0 6 salt 。。。 。。。 。。。 。。。 0 1/2 3 0 water 。。。 。。。 。。。 。。。 … … 6 22 Cost 19 creutzers。
These dumplins being boiled； were found to weigh 7 lb。 which gave for each person 18 2/3 loths； and each portion cost 1 7/12 creutzers。
Dry ammunition bread furnished to each person 1 lb。 8 loths； which cost 2 1/2 creutzers。
Recapitulation。
Each person belonging to the mess received this day：
lb。 loths。 Creutzers。 0 4 1/2 of boiled beef； and ＇ 。。。 1 31/48 1 8 of bread soup ＇ 0 18 2/3 of bread dumplins 。。。 。。。 1 7/12 1 8 of dry bread 。。。 。。。 。。。 2 1/2 … … 3 7 1/6 of Food Cost 5 35/42 creutzers
In Avoirdupois weight； and English money； it is；
lb。 oz。 0 2。78 of boiled beef； and ＇ 。。。 0 948/1584 1 8。76 of bread soup ＇ 0 11。54 of bread dumplins 。。。 。。。 0 228/396 1 8。76 of dry bread 。。。 。。。 。。。 0 10/11 … 4 0 of Food Cost 2 1/12 pence。
June 22d； 1795。 Bill of Fare。 Bread soup and meat dumplins。 Details of expenses； etc。
lb。 loths。 2 0 of beef 。。。 。。。 。。。 15 2 30 of semel bread 。。。 15 1/2 0 18 of fine flour 。。。 。。。 3 0 1 of pepper 。。。 。。。 1 0 12 of salt 。。。 。。。 。。。 1 0 2 of sweet herbs 。。。 0 1/2 2 24 of ammunition bread 3 1/4 2 16 of water to the dumplins Cost 39 1/4 creutzers。
The meat being cut fine； or minced； was mixed with the semel or wheaten bread； and these with the flour； and a due proportion of salt； were made into dumplins； and boiled in the soup。These dumplins when boiled； weighed 10 lb。 which； divided into 12 equal portions； gave 20 2/3 loths for each。
The soup weighed 15 lb。 which gave 1 lb。 8 loths for each portion。 Of dry ammunition bread； each person received 1 lb。 8 loths； which cost 2 1/2 creutzers。
Recapitulation。
Each person received this day
lb。 loths。 Creutzers 0 20 2/3 of meat dumplins； and ＇ 。。。 3 13/48 1 8 of bread soup ＇ 1 8 of ammunition bread 2 1/2 … … 3 4 2/3 of Food Cost 5 37/48 creutzers。
In Avoirdupois weight； and English money； it is；
lb。 oz。 Pence。 0 12。77 of meat dumplins； and ＇ 。。。 1 300/1584 1 8。76 of bread soup ＇ 1 8。76 of ammunition bread 。。。 。。。 0 10/11 3 14。29 of Food Cost 2 1/10 pence。
The results of all these experiments； （and of many more which I could add；） show that the Bavarian soldier can live；and the fact is that he actually does live；upon a little more than TWO THIRDS of his allowance。Of the five creutzers a…day which he receives in money； he seldom puts more than two creutzers and a half； and never more than three creutzers into the mess； so that at least TWO…FIFTHS of his pay remains； after he has defrayed all the expenses of his subsistence； and as he is furnished with every article of his clothing by the sovereign； and no stoppage is ever permitted to be made of any part of his pay； on any pretence whatever； THERE IS NO SOLDIER IN EUROPE WHOSE SITUATION IS MORE COMFORTABLE。
Though the ammunition bread with which he is furnished is rather coarse and brown； being made of rye…meal； with only a small quantity of the coarser part of the bran separated from it； yet it is not only wholesome； but very nourishing； and for making soup it is even more palatable than wheaten bread。 Most of the soldiers； however； in the Elector's service； and particularly those belonging to the Bavarian regiments； make a practice of selling a great part of their allowance of ammunition bread； and with the money they get for it； buy the best wheaten bread that is to be had； and many of them never taste brown bread but in their soup。
The ammunition bread is delivered to the soldiers every fourth day； in loaves； each loaf being equal to two rations； and it is a rule generally established in the messes； for each soldier to furnish one loaf for the use of the mess every twelfth day； so that he has five…sixths of his allowance of bread； which remains at his disposal。
The foregoing account of the manner in which the Bavarian soldiers are fed； will； I think； show most clearly the great importance of making soldiers live together in messes。It may likewise furnish some useful hints to those who may be engaged in feeding the Poor； or in providing Food for ships's companies； or other bodies of men who are fed in common。
With regard to the expense of fuel in these experiments； as the victuals were cooked in earthen pots； over an open fire； the consumption of fire…wood was very great。
On the 10th of June； when 9 lb。 30 1/2 loths of soup； 1 lb。 28 loths of meat； and 5 lb。 24 loths of bread dumplins； in all 17 lb。 18 1/2 of Food were prepared； and the process of cooking； from the time the fire was lighted till the victuals were done； lasted two hours and forty…five minutes； and twenty…nine pounds； Bavarian weight； of fire…wood were consumed。
On the 11th of June； when 11 lb。 26 loths of bread soup； and 8 lb。 8 loths of bread dumplins； in all 20 lb。 2 loths of Food were prepared； the process of cooking lasted one hour and thirty minutes；and seventeen pounds of wood were consumed。
On the 20th of June； in Serjeant Kein's mess； 15 lb。 of soup； 1 lb。 22 loths of meat； and 8 lb。 of liver dumplins； in all 24 lb。 22 loths of Food were prepared； and through the process of cooking lasted two hours and forty…five minutes； only 27 1/2 lb。 of fire…wood were consumed。
On the 21st of June； the same quantity of soup and meat； and 7 lb。 of bread dumplins； in all 23 lb。 22 loths of Food were prepared in two hours and thirty minutes； with the consumption of 18 1/2 lb。 of wood。
On the 22nd of June； 15 lb。 of soup； and 10 lb。 of meat dumplins； in all 25 lb。 of Food； were cooked in two hours and forty…five minutes； and the wood consumed was 18 lb。 10 loths。
The following table will show； in a striking and satisfactory manner； the expense of fuel in these experiments：
Date of the Time employed Quantity Quantity Quantity Experiments。 in cooking。 of Food of Wood of Wood to prepared。 consumed。 1 lb。 of Food。
June 1795。 Hours。 min。 lb。 loths。 lb。 10th 2 45 17 18 1/2 29 11th 1 30 20 2 17 20th 2 45 24 22 17 1/2 21st 2 30 23 22 18 1/2 22d 2 45 25 0 18 1/4 … … Sums 5 12 15 111 0 1/2 100 1/4 … … Means 2 23 22 0 1/5 20 1/20 10/11 lb。
The mean quantity of Food prepared daily in five days being 22 lb。 very nearly； and the mean quantity of fire…wood consumed being 20 1/20 lb。； this gives 10/11 lb。 of wood for each pound of Food。
But it has been found by actual experiment； made with the utmost care； in the new kitchen of the House of Industry at Munich； and often repeated； that 600 lb。 of Food； （of the Soup No。 I。 given to the Poor；） may be cooked with the consumption of only 44 lb。 of pine…wood。 And hence it appears how very great the waste of fuel must be in all culinary processes； as they are commonly performed； for though the time taken up in cooking the soup for the Poor is； at a medium； more than FOUR HOURS AND A HALF； while that employed by the soldiers in their cooking is less than TWO HOURS AND A HALF； yet the quantity of fuel consumed by the latter is near THIRTEEN TIMES greater than that employed in the public kitchen of the House of Industry。
But I must not here anticipate here a matter which is to be the subject of a separate Essay； and which； from its great importance； certainly deserves to be carefully and thoroughly investigated。
CHAPTER。 V。
Of the great importance of making soldiers eat together in regular messes。 Th
