the antiquities of the jews-1-第123章

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3。　When　Solomon　had　completed　all　this　in　twenty　years'　time；
because　Hiram　king　of　Tyre　had　contributed　a　great　deal　of　gold；
and　more　silver　to　these　buildings；　as　also　cedar　wood　and　pine
wood；　he　also　rewarded　Hiram　with　rich　presents；　corn　he　sent　him
also　year　by　year；　and　wine　and　oil；　which　were　the　principal
things　that　he　stood　in　need　of；　because　he　inhabited　an　island；
as　we　have　already　said。　And　besides　these；　he　granted　him
certain　cities　of　Galilee；　twenty　in　number；　that　lay　not　far
from　Tyre；　which；　when　Hiram　went　to；　and　viewed；　and　did　not
like　the　gift；　he　sent　word　to　Solomon　that　he　did　not　want　such
cities　as　they　were；　and　after　that　time　these　cities　were　called
the　land　of　Cabul；　which　name；　if　it　be　interpreted　according　to
the　language　of　the　Phoenicians；　denotes　what　does　not　please。
Moreover；　the　king　of　Tyre　sent　sophisms　and　enigmatical　sayings
to　Solomon；　and　desired　he　would　solve　them；　and　free　them　from
the　ambiguity　that　was　in　them。　Now　so　sagacious　and
understanding　was　Solomon；　that　none　of　these　problems　were　too
hard　for　him；　but　he　conquered　them　all　by　his　reasonings；　and
discovered　their　hidden　meaning；　and　brought　it　to　light。
Menander　also；　one　who　translated　the　Tyrian　archives　out　of　the
dialect　of　the　Phoenicians　into　the　Greek　language；　makes　mention
of　these　two　kings；　where　he　says　thus：　〃When　Abibalus　was　dead；。
his　son　Hiram　received　the　kingdom　from　him；　who；　when　he　had
lived　fifty…three　years；　reigned　thirty…four。　He　raised　a　bank　in
the　large　place；　and　dedicated　the　golden　pillar　which　is　in
Jupiter's　temple。　He　also　went　and　cut　down　materials　of　timber
out　of　the　mountain　called　Libanus；　for　the　roof　of　temples；　and
when　he　had　pulled　down　the　ancient　temples；　he　both　built　the
temple　of　Hercules　and　that　of　Astarte；　and　he　first　set　up　the
temple　of　Hercules　in　the　month　Peritius；　he　also　made　an
expedition　against　the　Euchii；　or　Titii；　who　did　not　pay　their
tribute；　and　when　he　had　subdued　them　to　himself　he　returned。
Under　this　king　there　was　Abdemon；　a　very　youth　in　age；　who
always　conquered　the　difficult　problems　which　Solomon；　king　of
Jerusalem；　commanded　him　to　explain。　Dius　also　makes　mention　of
him；　where　he　says　thus：　〃When　Abibalus　was　dead；　his　son　Hiram
reigned。　He　raised　the　eastern　parts　of　the　city　higher；　and　made
the　city　itself　larger。　He　also　joined　the　temple　of　Jupiter；
which　before　stood　by　itself；　to　the　city；　by　raising　a　bank　in
the　middle　between　them；　and　he　adorned　it　with　donations　of
gold。　Moreover；　he　went　up　to　Mount　Libanus；　and　cut　down
materials　of　wood　for　the　building　of　the　temples。〃　He　says　also；
that　Solomon；　who　was　then　king　of　Jerusalem；　sent　riddles　to
Hiram；　and　desired　to　receive　the　like　from　him；　but　that　he　who
could　not　solve　them　should　pay　money　to　them　that　did　solve
them；　and　that　Hiram　accepted　the　conditions；　and　when　he　was　not
able　to　solve　the　riddles　proposed　by　Solomon；　he　paid　a　great
deal　of　money　for　his　fine；　but　that　he　afterward　did　solve　the
proposed　riddles　by　means　of　Abdemon；　a　man　of　Tyre；　and　that
Hiram　proposed　other　riddles；　which；　when　Solomon　could　not
solve；　he　paid　back　a　great　deal　of　money　to　Hiram。〃　This　it　is
which　Dius　wrote。

CHAPTER　6。

How　Solomon　Fortified　The　City　Of　Jerusalem；　And　Built　Great
Cities；　And　How　He　Brought　Some　Of　The　Canaanites　Into
Subjection；　And　Entertained　The　Queen　Of　Egypt　And　Of　Ethiopia。

1。　Now　when　the　king　saw　that　the　walls　of　Jerusalem　stood　in
need　of　being　better　secured；　and　made　stronger；　（for　he　thought
the　wails　that　encompassed　Jerusalem　ought　to　correspond　to　the
dignity　of　the　city；）　he　both　repaired　them；　and　made　them
higher；　with　great　towers　upon　them；　he　also　built　cities　which
might　be　counted　among　the　strongest；　Hazor　and　Megiddo；　and　the
third　Gezer；　which　had　indeed　belonged　to　the　Philistines；　but
Pharaoh；　the　king　of　Egypt；　had　made　an　expedition　against　it；
and　besieged　it；　and　taken　it　by　force；　and　when　he　had　slain　all
its　inhabitants；　he　utterly　overthrew　it；　and　gave　it　as　a
present　to　his　daughter；　who　had　been　married　to　Solomon；　for
which　reason　the　king　rebuilt　it；　as　a　city　that　was　naturally
strong；　and　might　be　useful　in　wars；　and　the　mutations　of　affairs
that　sometimes　happen。　Moreover；　he　built　two　other　cities　not
far　from　it；　Beth…horon　was　the　name　of　one　of　them；　and　Baalath
of　the　other。　He　also　built　other　cities　that　lay　conveniently
for　these；　in　order　to　the　enjoyment　of　pleasures　and　delicacies
in　them；　such　as　were　naturally　of　a　good　temperature　of　the　air；
and　agreeable　for　fruits　ripe　in　their　proper　seasons；　and　well
watered　with　springs。　Nay；　Solomon　went　as　far　as　the　desert
above　Syria；　and　possessed　himself　of　it；　and　built　there　a　very
great　city；　which　was　distant　two　days'　journey　from　Upper　Syria；
and　one　day's　journey　from　Euphrates；　and　six　long　days'　journey
from　Babylon　the　Great。　Now　the　reason　why　this　city　lay　so
remote　from　the　parts　of　Syria　that　are　inhabited　is　this；　that
below　there　is　no　water　to　be　had；　and　that　it　is　in　that　place
only　that　there　are　springs　and　pits　of　water。　When　he　had
therefore　built　this　city；　and　encompassed　it　with　very　strong
walls；　he　gave　it　the　name　of　Tadmor；　and　that　is　the　name　it　is
still　called　by　at　this　day　among　the　Syrians；　but　the　Greeks
name　it　Palmyra。

2。　Now　Solomon　the　king　was　at　this　time　engaged　in　building
these　cities。　But　if　any　inquire　why　all　the　kings　of　Egypt　from
Menes；　who　built　Memphis；　and　was　many　years　earlier　than　our
forefather　Abraham；　until　Solomon；　where　the　interval　was　more
than　one　thousand　three　hundred　years；　were　called　Pharaohs；　and
took　it　from　one　Pharaoh　that　lived　after　the　kings　of　that
interval；　I　think　it　necessary　to　inform　them　of　it；　and　this　in
order　to　cure　their　ignorance；　and　to　make　the　occasion　of　that
name　manifest。　Pharaoh；　in　the　Egyptian　tongue；　signifies　a　king
（15）　but　I　suppose　they　made　use　of　other　names　from　their
childhood；　but　when　they　were　made　kings；　they　changed　them　into
the　name　which　in　their　own　tongue　denoted　their　authority；　for
thus　it　was　also　that　the　kings　of　Alexandria；　who　were　called
formerly　by　other　names；　when　they　took　the　kingdom；　were　named
Ptolemies；　from　their　first　king。　The　Roman　emperors　also　were
from　their　nativity　called　by　other　names；　but　are　styled
Caesars；　their　empire　and　their　dignity　imposing　that　name　upon
them；　and　not　suffering　them　to　continue　in　those　names　which
their　fathers　gave　them。　I　suppose　also　that　Herodotus　of
Halicarnassus；　when　he　said　there　were　three　hundred　and　thirty
kings　of　Egypt　after　Menes；　who　built　Memphis；　did　therefore　not
tell　us　their　names；　because　they　were　in　common　called　Pharaohs；
for　when　after　their　death　there　was　a　queen　reigned；　he　calls
her　by　her　name　Nicaule；　as　thereby　declaring；　that　while　the
kings　were　of　the　male　line；　and　so　admitted　of　the　same　nature；
while　a　woman　did　not　admit　the　same；　he　did　therefore　set　down
that　her　name；　which　she　could　not　naturally　have。　As　for　myself；
I　have　discovered　from　our　own　books；　that　after　Pharaoh；　the
father…in…law　of　Solomon；　no　other　king　of　Egypt　did　any　longer
use　that　name；　and　that　it　was　after　that　time　when　the　forenamed
queen　of　Egypt　and　Ethiopia　came　to　Solomon；　concerning　whom　we
shall　inform　the　reader　presently；　but　I　have　now　made　mention　of
these　things；　that　I　may　prove　that　our　books　and　those　of　the
Egyptians　agree　together　in　many　things。

3。　But　king　Solomon　subdued　to　himself　the　remnant　of　the
Canaanites　that　had　not　before　submitted　to　him；　those　I　mean
that　dwelt　in　Mount　Lebanon；　and　as　far　as　the　city　Hamath；　and
ordered　them　to　pay　tribute。　He　also　chose　out　of　them　every　year
such　as　were　to　serve　him　in　the　meanest　offices；　and　to　do　his
domestic　works；　and　to　follow　husbandry；　for　none　of　the　Hebrews
were　servants　＇in　such　low　employments＇：　nor　was　it　reasonable；
that　when　God　had　brought　so　many　nations　under　their　power；　they
should　depress　their　own　people　to　such　mean　offices　of　life；
rather　than　those　nations；　while　all　the　Israelites　were
concerned　in　warlike　affairs；　and　were　in　armor；　a