the antiquities of the jews-1-第363章

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a　witness；　had　he　seen　that　account　of　Philo's；　which　that　he
ever　did　does　not　appear。

（30）　This　Alexander；　the　alabarch；　or　governor　of　the　Jews；　at
Alexandria；　and　brother　to　Philo；　is　supposed　by　Bishop　Pearson；
in　Act。　Apost。　p。　41；42；　to　be　the　same　with　that　Alexander　who
is　mentioned　by　St。　Luke；　as　of　the　kindred　of　the　high　priests；
Acts　4：6。

（31）　What　Josephus　here；　and　sect。　6；　relates　as　done　by　the　Jews
seed　time；　is　in　Philo；　〃not　far　off　the　time　when　the　corn　was
ripe；〃　who；　as　Le　Clerc　notes；　differ　here　one　from　the　other。
This　is　another　indication　that　Josephus；　when　he　wrote　this
account；　had　not　seen　Philo's　Legat。　ad　Caiurn；　otherwise　he
would　hardly　trove　herein　differed　from　him。

（32）　This。　Publius　Petronius　was　after　this　still　president　of
Syria；　under　Cladius；　and；　at　the　desire　of　Agrippa；　published　a
severe　decree　against　the　inhabitants　of　Dora；　who；　in　a　sort　of
intitation　of　Caius；　had　set　op　a　statue　of　Claudius　in　a　Jewish
synagogue　there。　This　decree　is　extant；　B。　XIX。　ch。　6。　sect。　3；
and　greatly　confirms　the　present　accounts　of　Josephus；　as　do　the
other　decrees　of　Claudius；　relating　to　the　like　Jewish　affairs；
B。　XIX。　ch。　5。　sect。　2；　3；　to　which　I　refer　the　inquisitive
reader。

（33）　Josephus　here　uses　the　solemn　New　Testament　words；　the
presence　and　appearance　of　God；　for　the　extraordinary
manifestation　of　his　power　and　providence　to　Petronius；　by
sending　rain　in　a　time　of　distress；　immediately　upon　the
resolution　he　had　taken　to　preserve　the　temple　unpolluted；　at　the
hazard　of　his　own　life；　without　any　other　miraculous　appearance
at　all　in　that　case；　which　well　deserves　to　be　taken　notice　of
here；　and　greatly　illustrates　several　texts；　both　in　the　Old　and
New　Testament。

（34）　This　behavior　of　Caius　to　Agrippa　is　very　like　that　of　Herod
Antipas；　his　uncle；　to　Herodias；　Agrippa's　sister；　about　it　John
the　Baptist；　Matthew　14：611。

（35）　The　joining　of　the　right　hands　was　esteemed　among　the
Peoians　＇and　Parthians＇　in　particular　a　most　inviolable
obligation　to　fidelity；　as　Dr。　Hudson　here　observes；　and　refers
to　the　commentary　on　Justin；　B。　XI。　ch。　15。；　for　its
confirmation。　We　often　meet　with　the　like　use　of　it　in　Josephus。

（36）　This　custom　of　the　Mesopotamians　to　carry　their　household
gods　along　with　them　wherever　they　traveled　is　as　old　as　the　days
of　Jacob；　when　Rachel　his　wife　did　the　same；　Genesis　31：19；
30…35；　nor　is　it　to　pass　here　unobserved；　what　great　miseries
came　on　these　Jews；　because　they　suffered　one　of　their　leaders　to
marry　an　idolatrous　wife；　contrary　to　the　law　of　Moses。　Of　which
matter　see　the　note　on　B。　XIX。　ch。　5。　sect。　3。

（37）　This　custom；　in　Syria　and　Mesopotamia；　of　setting　men　upon
an　ass；　by　way　of　disgrace；　is　still　kept　up　at　Damascus　in
Syria；　where；　in　order　to　show　their　despite　against　the
Christians；　the　Turks　will　not　suffer　them　to　hire　horses；　but
asses　only；　when　they　go　abroad　to　see　the　country；　as　Mr。
Maundrell　assures　us；　p。　128。

BOOK　19　FOOTNOTES

（1）　In　this　and　the　three　next　chapters　we　have；　I　think；　a
larger　and　more　distinct　account　of　the　slaughter　of　Caius；　and
the　succession　of　Claudius；　than　we　have　of　any　such　ancient
facts　whatsoever　elsewhere。　Some　of　the　occasions　of　which
probably　were；　Josephus's　bitter　hatred　against　tyranny；　and　the
pleasure　he　took　in　giving　the　history　of　the　slaughter　of　such　a
barbarous　tyrant　as　was　this　Caius　Caligula；　as　also　the
deliverance　his　own　nation　had　by　that　slaughter；　of　which　he
speaks　sect。　2；　together　with　the　great　intimacy　he　had　with
Agrippa；　junior；　whose　father　was　deeply　concerned　in　the
advancement　of　Claudius；　upon　the　death　of　Caius；　from　which
Agrippa；　junior；　Josephus　might　be　fully　informed　Of　his　history。

（2）　Called　Caligula　by　the　Romans。

（3）　Just　such　a　voice　as　this　is　related　to　be　came；　and　from　an
unknown　original　also；　to　the　famous　Polycarp；　as　he　was　going　to
martyrdom；　bidding　him　〃play　the　man；〃　as　the　church　of　Smyrna
assures　us　in　their　account　of　that　his　martyrdom；　sect。　9。

（4）　Here　Josephus　supposes　that　it　was　Augustus；　and　not　Julius
Caesar；　who　first　changed　the　Roman　commonwealth　into　a　monarchy；
for　these　shows　were　in　honor　of　Augustus；　as　we　shall　learn　in
the　next　section。

（5）　Suetonius　says　Caius　was　slain　about　the　seventh　hour　of　the
day；　the　ninth。　The　series　of　the　narration　favors　Josephus。

（6）　The　rewards　proposed　by　the　Roman　laws　to　informers　was
sometimes　an　eigth　partm　as　Spanheim　assures　us；　from　the
criminal's　goods；　as　here；　and　sometimes　a　fourth　part。

（7）　These　consuls　are　named　in　the　War　of　the　Jews；　B。　II。　ch。
11。　sect；　1；　Sentius　Saturninus　and　Pomponius　Secundus；　as
Spanheim　notes　here。　The　speech　of　the　former　of　them　is　set　down
in　the　next　chapter；　sect。　2。

（8）　In　this　oration　of　Sentius　Saturninus；　we　may　see　the　great
value　virtuous　men　put　upon　public　liberty；　and　the　sad　misery
they　underwent；　while　they　were　tyrannized　over　by　such　emperors
as　Caius。　See　Josephus's　own　short　but　pithy　reflection　at　the
end　of　the　chapter：　〃So　difficult；〃　says　he；　〃it　is　for　those　to
obtain　the　virtue　that　is　necessary　to　a　wise　man；　who　have　the
absolute　power　to　do　what　they　please　without　control。〃

（9）　Hence　we　learn　that；　in　the　opinion　of　Saturninus；　the
sovereign　authority　of　the　consuls　and　senate　had　been　taken　away
just　a　hundred　years　before　the　death　of　Caius；　A。D。　41；　or　in
the　sixtieth　year　before　the　Christian　saga；　when　the　first
triumvirate　began　under　Caesar；　Pompey；　and　Crassus。

（10）　Spanheim　here　notes　from　Suetonius；　that　the　name　of　Caius's
sister　with　whom　he　was　guilty　of　incest；　was　Drusilla　and　that
Suetonius　adds；　he　was　guilty　of　the　same　crime　with　all　his
sisters　also。　He　notes　further；　that　Suetonius　omits　the　mention
of　the　haven　for　ships；　which　our　author　esteems　the　only　public
work　for　the　good　of　the　present　and　future　ages　which　Caius　left
behind　him；　though　in　an　imperfect　condition。　

（11）　This　Caius　was　the　son　of　that　excellent　person　Germanicus；
who　was　the　son　of　Drusus；　the　brother　of　Tiberius　the　emperor。

（11）　The　first　place　Claudius　came　to　was　inhabited；　and　called
Herincure；　as　Spanheim　here　informs　us　from　Suetonius；　in　Claud。
ch。　10。

（12）　How　Claudius；　another　son　of　Drusus；　which　Drusus　was　the
father　of　Germanicus；　could　be　here　himself　called　Germanicus；
Suetonius　informs　us；　when　he　assures　us　that；　by　a　decree　of　the
senate；　the　surname　of　Germanicus　was　bestowed　upon　Drusus；　and
his　posterity　also。In　Claud。　ch。　1。

（13）　This　number　of　drachmae　to　be　distributed　to　each　private
soldier；　five　thousand　drachmae；　equal　to　twenty　thousand
sesterces；　or　one　hundred　and　sixty…one　pounds　sterling；　seems
much　too　large；　and　directly　contradicts　Suetonius；　ch。　10。；　who
makes　them　in　all　but　fifteen　sesterces；　or　two　shillings　and
four　pence。　Yet　might　Josephus　have　this　number　from　Agrippa；
junior；　though　I　doubt　the　thousands；　or　at　least　the　hundreds；
have　been　added　by　the　transcribers；　of　which　we　have　had　several
examples　already　in　Josephus。

（14）　This　piercing　cold　here　complained　of　by　Lupus　agrees　well
to　the　time　of　the　year　when　Claudius　began　his　reign；　it　being
for　certain　about　the　months　of　November；　December；　or　January；
and　most　probably　a　few　days　after　January　the　twenty…fourth；　and
a　few　days　before　the　Roman　Parentalia。

（15）　It　is　both　here　and　elsewhere　very　remarkable；　that　the
murders　of　the　vilest　tyrants；　who　yet　highly　deserved　to　die；
when　those　murderers　were　under　oaths；　or　other　the　like
obligations　of　fidelity　to　them；　were　usually　revenged；　and　the
murderers　were　cut　off　themselves；　and　that　after　a　remarkable
manner；　and　this　sometimes；　as　in　the　present　case；　by　those　very
persons　who　were　not　sorry　for　such　murders；　but　got　kingdoms　by
them。　The　examples　are　very　numerous；　both　in　sacred　and　profane
histories；　and　seem　generally　indications　of　Divine　vengeance　on
such　murderers。　Nor　is　it　unworthy　of　remark；　that　such　murderers
of　tyrants　do　it　usually　on　such　ill　principles；　in　such　a　cruel
manner；　and　as　ready　to　involve　the　innocent　with　the　guilty；
which　was　the　case　here；　ch。　1。　sect。　14；　and