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第12章

theologico-political treatise p3(神学与政治专题研究3)-第12章


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     (12) So; again; as Scripture asserts (as Alpakhar thinks) in Deut。 iv:15; 

that God is incorporeal; we are bound; solely by the authority of this text; 

and not by reason; to believe that God has no body: consequently we must 

explain      metaphorically;      on   the   sole   authority     of   Scripture;    all  those 

passages which attribute to God hands; feet; &c。; and take them merely as 

figures   of   speech。   (13)   Such   is   the   opinion   of Alpakhar。   In   so   far   as   he 

seeks to explain Scripture by Scripture; I praise him; but I marvel that a 

man gifted with reason should wish to debase that faculty。 (14) It is true 

that   Scripture   should   be   explained   by   Scripture;   so   long   as   we   are   in 

difficulties about the meaning and intention of the prophets; but when we 

have   elicited   the   true   meaning;   we   must   of   necessity   make   use   of   our 

judgment   and   reason   in   order  to   assent thereto。  (15)   If  reason;   however; 

much as she rebels; is to be entirely subjected to Scripture; I ask; are we to 

effect her submission by her own aid; or without her; and blindly? (16) If 

the latter; we shall surely act foolishly and injudiciously; if the former; we 

assent to Scripture under the dominion of reason; and should not assent to 

it   without   her。   (17)   Moreover;   I     may   ask   now;   is   a   man   to   assent   to 



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anything   against   his   reason?       (18)   What   is   denial   if   it   be   not   reason's 

refusal to assent? (19) In short; I am astonished that anyone should wish to 

subject reason; the greatest of gifts and a light from on high; to the dead 

letter which may have been corrupted by human malice; that it should be 

thought no crime to speak with contempt of mind; the true handwriting of 

God's Word; calling it corrupt; blind; and lost; while it is considered the 

greatest   of   crimes     to   say   the   same   of   the  letter;   which   is   merely   the 

reflection   and   image   of   God's   Word。   (20)   Men   think   it   pious   to   trust 

nothing to reason and their own judgment; and impious to doubt the faith 

of those who have transmitted to us the sacred books。 (21) Such conduct is 

not piety; but mere folly。 And; after all; why are they so anxious? What are 

they afraid of? (22) Do they think that faith and religion cannot be upheld 

unless … men purposely keep themselves in ignorance; and turn their backs 

on reason? (23) If this be so; they have but a timid trust in Scripture。 

     (23)   However;   be   it   far   from   me   to   say   that   religion   should   seek   to 

enslave reason; or reason religion; or that both should not be able to keep 

their   sovereignity   in   perfect   harmony。   (24)   I   will   revert   to   this   question 

presently; for I wish now to discuss Alpakhar's rule。 

     (26) He requires; as we have stated; that we should accept as true; or 

reject as false; everything asserted or denied by Scripture; and he further 

states    that  Scripture     never   expressly   asserts     or  denies    anything     which 

contradicts its assertions or negations elsewhere。 (27) The rashness of such 

a requirement and statement can escape no one。 (28) For (passing over the 

fact   that   he   does   not   notice   that   Scripture   consists   of   different   books; 

written   at   different   times;   for   different   people;   by   different   authors:   and 

also    that   his  requirement      is  made     on   his  own    authority     without    any 

corroboration from reason or Scripture) he would be bound to show that 

all   passages      which     are   indirectly    contradictory      of   the   rest;  can    be 

satisfactorily explained metaphorically through the nature of the language 

and the context: further; that Scripture has come down to us untampered 

with。 (29) However; we will go into the matter at length。 

     (30) Firstly; I ask what shall we do if reason prove recalcitrant? (31) 

Shall we still be bound to affirm whatever Scripture affirms; and to deny 

whatever Scripture denies? (32) Perhaps it will be answered that Scripture 



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contains   nothing   repugnant   to   reason。   (33)   But   I   insist   !hat   it   expressly 

affirms   and   teaches   that   God   is   jealous   (namely;   in   the   decalogue   itself; 

and in Exod。 xxxiv:14; and in Deut。 iv:24; and in many other places); and I 

assert that such a doctrine is repugnant to reason。 (34) It must; I suppose; 

in spite of all; be accepted as true。 If there are any passages in Scripture 

which imply that God is not jealous; they must be taken metaphorically as 

meaning   nothing   of   the   kind。   (35)   So;   also;   Scripture   expressly   states 

(Exod。 xix:20; &c。) that God came down to Mount Sinai; and it attributes 

to Him other movements from place to place; nowhere directly stating that 

God does not so move。 (36) Wherefore; we must take the passage literally; 

and Solomon's words (I Kings viii:27); 〃But will God dwell on the earth? 

(37) Behold the heavens and earth cannot contain thee;〃 inasmuch as they 

do   not   expressly   state   that   God   does   not   move   from  place   to   place;   but 

only imply it; must be explained away till they have no further semblance 

of denying locomotion to the Deity。 (38) So also we must believe that the 

sky is the habitation and throne of God; for Scripture expressly says so; 

and similarly many passages expressing the opinions of the prophets or the 

multitude;   which   reason   and   philosophy;   but   not   Scripture;   tell   us   to   be 

false; must be taken as true if we are io follow the guidance of our author; 

for    according     to  him;   reason     has   nothing    to  do   with   the   matter。    (39) 

Further; it is untrue that Scripture never contradicts itself directly; but only 

by implication。 (40) For Moses says; in so many words (Deut。 iv:24); 〃The 

Lord thy  God   is   a   consuming   fire;〃   and   elsewhere   expressly  denies   that 

God has any likeness to visible things。 (Deut。 iv。 12。) (41) If it be decided 

that the latter passage only contradicts the former by implication; and must 

be adapted thereto; lest it seem to negative it; let us grant that God is a fire; 

or rather; lest we should seem to have taken leave of our senses; let us pass 

the matter over and take another example。 

     (42) Samuel expressly  denies that   God ever repents;  〃for he   is not   a 

man   that   he   should   repent〃   (I   Sam。   xv:29)。   (43)   Jeremiah;   on   the   other 

hand; asserts that God does repent; both of the evil and of the good which 

He had intended to do (Jer。 xviii:8…10)。 (44) What? (45) Are not these two 

texts directly contradictory? (46) Which of the two; then; would our author 

want   to   explain   metaphorically?   (47)   Both   statements   are   general;   and 



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each is the opposite of the other … what one flatly affirms; the other flatly; 

denies。   (48)   So;   by   his   own   rule;   he   would   be   obliged   at   once   to   reject 

them as false; and to accept them as true。 

     (49) Again; what is the point of one passage; not being contradicted by 

another directly; but only by implication; if the implication is clear; and the 

nature   and   context   of   the   passage   preclude   metaphorical   interpretation? 

(50) There are many such instances in the Bible; as we saw in Chap。 II。 

(where we pointed out that the prophets held different and contradictory 

opinions); and also in Chaps。 I

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