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Strike is to be regarded as a myth�察�like the Second Coming in   Christian 

doctrine。 But this view by no means suits the active Syndicalists。 If they 

were   brought   to   believe   that   the   General   Strike   is   a   mere   myth�察  �their 

energy would flag�察�and their whole outlook would become disillusioned。 It 

is the actual�察�vivid belief in its possibility which inspires them。 They are 

much criticised for this belief by the political Socialists who consider that 

the    battle   is  to   be   won    by   obtaining     a   Parliamentary      majority。     But 

Syndicalists have too little faith in the honesty of politicians to place any 

reliance   on   such   a   method   or   to   believe   in   the   value   of   any   revolution 

which leaves the power of the State intact。 

     Syndicalist aims are somewhat less definite than Syndicalist methods。 

The     intellectuals     who     endeavor      to   interpret    themnot      always     very 

faithfully represent them as a party of movement and change�察�following 

a Bergsonian   elan vital�察 �without   needing   any  very  clear  prevision   of  the 

goal to which it is to take them。 Nevertheless�察�the negative part�察�at any rate�察�

of their objects is sufficiently clear。 

     They     wish    to  destroy    the   State�察  �which    they    regard    as  a  capitalist 

institution�察  �designed   essentially   to   terrorize   the   workers。   They   refuse   to 

believe that it would be any better under State Socialism。 They desire to 



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see   each   industry   self´governing�察  �but   as   to   the   means   of   adjusting   the 

relations   between   different   industries�察  �they   are   not   very   clear。   They   are 

anti´militarist because they are anti´State�察�and because French troops have 

often    been    employed      against    them    in  strikes�察  �also   because     they   are 

internationalists�察  �who   believe   that   the   sole   interest   of   the   working   man 

everywhere   is   to   free   himself   from   the   tyranny   of   the   capitalist。   Their 

outlook     on   life  is  the  very   reverse    of  pacifist�察  �but  they   oppose     wars 

between States on the ground that these are not fought for objects that in 

any  way  concern   the   workers。 Their   anti´militarism�察  �more   than   anything 

else�察�brought them into conflict with the authorities in the years preceding 

the war。 But�察�as was to be expected�察�it did not survive the actual invasion 

of France。 

     The     doctrines     of  Syndicalism       may     be   illustrated    by   an   article 

introducing it to English readers in the first number of ``The Syndicalist 

Railwayman��'' September�察�1911�察�from which the following is quoted�此�

       ``All   Syndicalism�察  �Collectivism�察  �Anarchism   aims   at   abolishing   the 

present economic status and existing private ownership of most things�察�but 

while     Collectivism       would     substitute    ownership       by   everybody�察     �and 

Anarchism        ownership     by   nobody�察    �Syndicalism      aims    at  ownership      by 

Organized Labor。 It is thus a purely Trade Union reading of the economic 

doctrine      and   the    class   war    preached     by    Socialism。     It  vehemently 

repudiates Parliamentary action on which Collectivism relies�察�and it is�察�in 

this respect�察�much more closely allied to Anarchism�察�from which�察�indeed�察�

it differs in practice only in being more limited in range of action。'' ��Times�察�

Aug。 25�察�1911��。 

     In truth�察�so thin is   the partition between   Syndicalism and Anarchism 

that   the   newer   and    less   familiar   ``ism''   has  been   shrewdly   defined      as 

``Organized Anarchy。'' It has been created by the Trade Unions of France�察�

but it is obviously an international plant�察�whose roots have already found 

the soil of Britain most congenial to its growth and fructification。 

     Collectivist   or   Marxian   Socialism   would   have   us   believe   that   it   is 

distinctly a LABOR Movement�察�but it is not so。 Neither is Anarchism。 The 

one   is   substantially   bourgeois�察  �the   other   aristocratic�察  �plus   an   abundant 

output   of   book´learning�察  �in   either   case。   Syndicalism�察  �on   the   contrary�察  �is 



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indubitably      laborist    in  origin   and    aim�察  �owing     next   to  nothing    to   the 

``Classes��''   and�察  �indeed�撮察  �resolute   to   uproot   them。   The   Times   ��Oct。   13�察�

1910���察�which almost single´handed in the British Press has kept creditably 

abreast of Continental Syndicalism�察�thus clearly set forth the significance 

of the General Strike�此�

       ``To   understand   what   it   means�察  �we   must   remember   that   there   is   in 

France a powerful Labor Organization which has for its open and avowed 

object a Revolution�察�in which not only the present order of Society�察�but the 

State itself�察�is to be swept away。 This movement is called Syndicalism。 It 

is   not   Socialism�察  �but�察  �on   the   contrary�察  �radically   opposed   to   Socialism�察�

because the Syndicalists hold that the State is the great enemy and that the 

Socialists' ideal of State or Collectivist Ownership would make the lot of 

the   Workers   much   worse   than   it   is   now   under   private   employers。   The 

means by which they hope to attain their end is the General Strike�察�an idea 

which   was   invented   by   a   French   workman   about   twenty   years   ago�撮�27�А�

and   was   adopted   by  the  French   Labor  Congress in   1894�察 �after  a   furious 

battle with the Socialists�察�in which the latter were worsted。 Since then the 

General   Strike   has   been   the   avowed   policy   of   the   Syndicalists�察  �whose 

organization is the Confederation Generale du Travail。'' 

       ��27�А�In fact the General Strike was invented by a Londoner William 

Benbow�察�an Owenite�察�in 1831。 

       Or�察�to put it otherwise�察�the intelligent French worker has awakened�察�

as   he   believes�察  �to   the   fact that   Society  ��Societas��   and   the   State   ��Civitas�� 

connote two separable spheres of human activity�察�between which there is 

no   connection�察  �necessary   or   desirable。   Without   the   one�察         �man�察  �being   a 

gregarious      animal�察    �cannot    subsist�此  �while    without     the  other    he   would 

simply      be   in  clover。   The    ``statesman''     whom      office   does    not   render 

positively nefarious is at best an expensive superfluity。 

       Syndicalists   have   had   many   violent   encounters   with   the   forces   of 

government。   In   1907   and   1908�察  �protesting   against   bloodshed   which   had 

occurred in the suppression of strikes�察�the Committee of the C。 G。 T。 issued 

manifestoes speaking of the Government as ``a Government of assassins'' 

and alluding to the Prime Minister as ``Clemenceau the murderer。'' Similar 

events in the strike at Villeneuve St。 Georges in 1908 led to the arrest of all 



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the leading members of the Committee。 In the railway strike of October�察�

1910�察    �Monsieur      Briand    arrested   the   Strike   Committee�察     �mobilized     the 

railway   men   and   sent   soldiers   to   replace   strikers。   As   a   result   of   these 

vigorous measures the strike   was   completely defeated�察 �and after this the 

chief    energy     of   the  C。   G。   T。   was    directed    against    militarism    and 

nationalism。 

     The attitude of Anarchism to the Syndicalist movement is sympathetic�察�

with the reservation that such methods as the General Strike are not to be 

regarded   as   substitutes   for   t

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