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widespread        public    recognition�察    �nor    that  ignorant�察    �half´sincere     respect 

which      is  commonly        accorded      to  artists   who    have    achieved      success。 

Neither      of    these    serves     much      purpose。      What     I   mean      is   rather 

understanding�察       �and    a   spontaneous       feeling    that   things    of   beauty    are 

important。 In a thoroughly commercialized society�察�an artist is respected if 

he makes money�察�and because he   makes money�察�but there is no   genuine 

respect     for  the   works     of  art  by   which     his  money      has   been    made。    A 



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millionaire whose fortune has been made in button´hooks or chewing´gum 

is regarded with awe�察�but none of this feeling is bestowed on the articles 

from which his wealth is derived。 In a society which measures all things 

by money the same tends to be true of the artist。 If he has become rich he 

is respected�察�though of course less than the millionaire�察�but his pictures or 

books or music are regarded as the chewing´gum or the button´ hooks are 

regarded�察�merely as a means to money。 In such an atmosphere it is very 

difficult   for   the   artist   to   preserve   his   creative   impulse   pure�此  �either   he   is 

contaminated by his surroundings�察�or he becomes embittered through lack 

of appreciation for the object of his endeavor。 

     It   is  not   appreciation     of   the   artist  that   is  necessary     so  much     as 

appreciation of the art。 It is difficult for an artist to live in an environment 

in   which   everything   is   judged   by   its   utility�察  �rather   than   by   its   intrinsic 

quality。     The    whole    side   of   life  of   which    art   is  the  flower     requires 

something   which   may   be   called   disinterestedness�察  �a   capacity   for   direct 

enjoyment without thought of tomorrow's problems and difficulties。 When 

people are amused by a joke they do not need to be persuaded that it will 

serve     some     important     purpose。     The    same    kind    of  direct   pleasure     is 

involved   in   any   genuine   appreciation   of   art。   The   struggle   for   life�察  �the 

serious work of a trade or profession�察�is apt to make people too solemn for 

jokes     and   too   pre´occupied       for  art。  The    easing    of   the   struggle�察   �the 

diminution   in   the   hours   of   work�察  �and   the   lightening   of   the   burden   of 

existence�察�which would result from a better economic system�察�could hardly 

fail   to   increase   the   joy   of   life   and   the   vital   energy�察  �available   for   sheer 

delight in the world。 And if this were achieved there would inevitably be 

more spontaneous pleasure in beautiful things�察�and more enjoyment of the 

work of artists。 But none of these good results are to be expected from the 

mere removal of poverty�此�they all require also a diffused sense of freedom�察�

and the absence of that feeling of oppression by a vast machine which now 

weighs down the individual spirit。 I do not think State Socialism can give 

this   sense   of   freedom�察  �but   some   other   forms   of   Socialism�察  �which   have 

absorbed   what   is   true   in   Anarchist   teaching�察  �can   give   it   to   a   degree   of 

which capitalism is wholly incapable。 

     A general sense of progress and achievement is an immense stimulus 



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to all forms of creative work。 For this reason�察�a great deal will depend�察�not 

only in material ways�察�upon the question whether methods of production 

in   industry   and     agriculture   become       stereotyped      or   continue    to  change 

rapidly     as   they   have    done    during     the   last  hundred      years。   Improved 

methods   of   production   will   be   much   more   obviously   than   now   to   the 

interest of the community at large�察�when what every man receives is his 

due share of the total produce of labor。 But there will probably not be any 

individuals       with    the   same     direct    and    intense    interest    in   technical 

improvements   as         now   belongs     to   the   capitalist  in   manufacture。      If  the 

natural   conservatism   of   the   workers   is   not   to   prove   stronger   than   their 

interest   in   increasing   production�察  �it   will   be   necessary   that�察  �when   better 

methods are introduced by the workers in any industry�察�part at least of the 

benefit should be allowed for a time to be retained by them。 If this is done�察�

it may be presumed that each Guild will be continually seeking for new 

processes or inventions�察�and will value those technical parts of scientific 

research which are useful for this purpose。 With every improvement�察�the 

question   will   arise   whether   it   is   to   be   used   to   give   more   leisure   or   to 

increase     the   dividend     of  commodities。        Where     there   is  so  much     more 

leisure     than   there    is  now�察   �there   will   be   many      more    people     with   a 

knowledge of   science or   an   understanding   of  art。 The  artist   or   scientific 

investigator will be far less cut off than he is at present from the average 

citizen�察�and this will almost inevitably be a stimulus to his creative energy。 

     I think we may fairly conclude that�察�from the point of view of all three 

requisites for art and science�察�namely�察�training�察�freedom and appreciation�察�

State   Socialism   would   largely   fail   to   remove   existing   evils   and   would 

introduce new evils of its own�察�but Guild Socialism�察�or even Syndicalism�察�

if it adopted a liberal policy toward those who preferred to work less than 

the     usual    number      of    hours    at   recognized       occupations�察      �might     be 

immeasurably   preferable   to   anything   that   is   possible   under   the   rule   of 

capitalism。 There are dangers�察�but they will all vanish if the importance of 

liberty  is   adequately  acknowledged。   In   this   as   in   nearly  everything   else�察�

the road to all that is best is the road of freedom。 



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                                   CHAPTER VIII 



                      THE WORLD AS IT COULD BE MADE 

       IN the daily lives of most men and women�察�fear plays a greater part 

than   hope�此  �they  are   more   filled   with   the  thought   of   the   possessions   that 

others may take from them�察�than of the joy that they might create in their 

own lives and in the lives with which they come in contact。 

     It is not so that life should be lived。 

     Those whose lives are fruitful to themselves�察�to their friends�察�or to the 

world are inspired by hope and sustained by joy�此�they see in imagination 

the things that might be and the way in which they are to be brought into 

existence。 In their private relations they are not pre´occupied with anxiety 

lest they should lose such affection and respect as they receive�此�they are 

engaged in giving   affection   and   respect   freely�察 �and   the   reward   comes   of 

itself without their seeking。 In their work they are not haunted by jealousy 

of competitors�察�but concerned with the actual matter that has to be done。 In 

politics�察�they do not spend time and passion defending unjust privileges of 

their class or nation�察�but they aim at making the world as a whole happier�察�

less   cruel�察  �less   full   of   conflict   between   rival   greeds�察  �and   more   full   of 

human      beings     whose     growth    has   not   been    dwarfed     and    stunted    by 

oppression。 

     A  life   lived   in   

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