the life of william carey-第89章

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〃To　secure　an　increase　of　missionaries　in　European　habits　we　have　formed　a　class　of　theological　students　in　the　college；　under　the　Divinity　Professor。　　It　contains　at　present　six　promising　youths；　of　whose　piety　we　have　in　some　cases　undoubted　evidence；　in　others　considerable　ground　for　hope。　　The　class　will　shortly　be　increased　to　twelve；　but　none　will　be　continued　in　it　who　do　not　manifest　undeniable　piety　and　devotedness　to　the　cause　of　missions。　　As　we　propose　to　allow　each　student　to　remain　on　an　average　four　years；　we　may　calculate　upon　the　acquisition　of　two；　and　perhaps　three；　additional　labourers　annually；　who　will　be　eminently　fitted　for　active　service　in　the　cause　of　missions　by　their　natural　familiarity　with　the　language　and　their　acquisitions　at　college。　　This　arrangement　will；　we　trust；　secure　the　speedy　accomplishment　of　the　plan　we　have　long　cherished；　that　of　placing　one　missionary　in　each　province　in　Bengal；　and　eventually；　if　means　be　afforded；　in　Hindostan。

〃As　the　completion　of　the　buildings　requires　no　public　contribution；　the　sole　expense　left　on　the　generosity　of　its　friends　is　that　of　its　existing　establishment。　　Our　subscriptions　in　India；　with　what　we　receive　as　the　interest　of　money　raised　in　Britain　and　America；　average　？000　annually；　about　？00　more　from　England　would　cover　every　charge；　and　secure　the　efficiency　of　the　institution。　　Nor　shall　we　require　this　aid　beyond　a　limited　period。

〃Of　the　three　objects　connected　with　the　College；　the　education　of　non…resident　heathen　students；　the　education　of　resident　Christian　students；　and　the　preparation　of　missionaries　from　those　born　in　the　country；　the　first　is　not　strictly　a　missionary　object；　the　two　latter　are　intimately　connected　with　the　progress　of　the　good　cause。　The　preparation　of　missionaries　in　the　country　was　not　so　much　recommended　as　enforced　by　the　great　expense　which　attends　the　despatch　of　missionaries　from　Europe。　　That　the　number　of　labourers　in　this　country　must　be　greatly　augmented；　before　the　work　of　evangelising　the　heathen　can　be　said　to　have　effectively　commenced；　can　admit　of　no　doubt。

〃The　education　of　the　increasing　body　of　Native　Christians　likewise；　necessarily　became　a　matter　of　anxiety。　　Nothing　could　be　more　distressing　than　the　prospect　of　their　being　more　backward　in　mental　pursuits　than　their　heathen　neighbours。　　The　planting　of　the　gospel　in　India　is　not　likely　to　be　accomplished　by　the　exertions　of　a　few　missionaries　in　solitary　and　barren　spots　in　the　country；　without　the　aid　of　some　well…digested　plan　which　may　consolidate　the　missionary　enterprise；　and　provide　for　the　mental　and　religious　cultivation　of　the　converts。　　If　the　body　of　native　Christians　required　an　educational　system；　native　ministers；　who　must　gradually　take　the　spiritual　conduct　of　that　body；　demanded　pre…eminent　attention。　　They　require　a　knowledge　of　the　ingenious　system　they　will　have　to　combat；　of　the　scheme　of　Christian　theology　they　are　to　teach；　and　a　familiarity　with　the　lights　of　modern　science。　　We　cannot　discharge　the　duty　we　owe　as　Christians　to　India；　without　some　plan　for　combining　in　the　converts　of　the　new　religion；　and　more　especially　in　its　ministers；　the　highest　moral　refinement　of　the　Christian　character；　and　the　highest　attainable　progress　in　the　pursuits　of　the　mind。

〃During　the　last　ten　years　of　entire　independence　the　missionary　cause　has　received　from　the　product　of　our　labour；　in　the　erection　of　the　college　buildings；　in　the　support　of　stations　and　schools；　and　in　the　printing　of　tracts；　much　more　than　？3；000。　　The　unceasing　calumny　with　which　we　have　been　assailed；　for　what　has　been　called　'our　declaration　of　independence'　（which；　by　the　bye；　Mr。　Fuller　approved　of　our　issuing　almost　with　his　dying　breath）；　it　is　beneath　us　to　notice；　but　it　has　fully　convinced　us　of　the　propriety　of　the　step。　　This　calumny　is　so　unreasonable　that　we　confidently　appeal　from　the　decision　of　the　present　age　to　the　judgment　of　posterity。〃

Under　Carey；　as　Professor　of　Divinity　and　Lecturer　on　Botany　and　Zoology；　Mack　and　John　Marshman；　with　pundits　and　moulavies；　the　college　grew　in　public　favour；　even　during　Dr。　Marshman's　absence；　while　Mrs。　Marshman　continued　to　conduct　the　girls'　school　and　superintend　native　female　education　with　a　vigorous　enthusiasm　which　advancing　years　did　not　abate　and　misrepresentation　in　England　only　fed。　　The　difficulties　in　which　Carey　found　himself　had　the　happy　result　of　forcing　him　into　the　position　of　being　the　first　to　establish　practically　the　principle　of　the　Grant　in　Aid　system。　　Had　his　Nonconformist　successors　followed　him　in　this；　with　the　same　breadth　of　view　and　clear　distinction　between　the　duty　of　aiding　the　secular　education；　while　giving　absolute　liberty　to　the　spiritual；　the　splendid　legacy　which　he　left　to　India　would　have　been　both　perpetuated　and　extended。　　As　it　is；　it　was　left　to　his　young　colleague；　John　Marshman；　and　to　Dr。　Duff；　to　induce　Parliament；　by　the　charter　of　1853；　and　the　first　Lord　Halifax　in　the　Educational　Despatch　of　1854；　to　sanction　the　system　of　national　education　for　the　multifarious　classes　and　races　of　our　Indian　subjects；　under　which　secular　instruction　is　aided　by　the　state　on　impartial　terms　according　to　its　efficiency；　and　Christianity　delights　to　take　its　place；　unfettered　and　certain　of　victory；　with　the　Brahmanical　and　aboriginal　cults　of　every　kind。

In　1826　Carey；　finding　that　his　favourite　Benevolent　Institution　in　Calcutta　was　getting　into　debt；　and　required　repair；　applied　to　Government　for　aid。　　He　had　previously　joined　the　Marchioness　of　Hastings　in　founding　the　Calcutta　School　Book　and　School　Society；　and　had　thus　been　relieved　of　some　of　the　schools。　　Government　at　once　paid　the　debt；　repaired　the　building；　and　continued　to　give　an　annual　grant　of　？40　for　many　years。　　John　Marshman　did　not　think　it　necessary；　〃to　defend　Dr。　Carey　from　the　charge　of　treason　to　the　principles　of　dissent　in　having　thus　solicited　and　accepted　aid　from　the　state　for　an　educational　establishment；　the　repudiation　of　that　aid　is　a　modern　addition　to　those　principles。〃　　He　tells　us　that　〃when　conversation　happened　to　turn　upon　this　subject　at　Serampore；　his　father　was　wont　to　excuse　any　warmth　which　his　colleague　might　exhibit　by　the　humorous　remark　that　renegades　always　fought　hardest。　There　was　one　question　on　which　the　three　were　equally　strenuousthat　it　was　as　much　the　duty　of　Government　to　support　education　as　to　abstain　from　patronising　missions。〃

A　letter　written　in　1818　to　his　son　William；　then　one　of　the　missionaries；　shows　with　what　jealous　economy　the　founder　of　the　great　modern　enterprise　managed　the　early　undertakings。

〃MY　DEAR　WILLIAMYours　of　the　3rd　instant　I　have　received；　and　must　say　that　it　has　filled　me　with　distress。　　I　do　not　know　what　the　allowance　of　200　rupees　includes；　nor　how　much　is　allotted　for　particular　things；　but　it　appears　that　Rs。　142：2　is　expended　upon　your　private　expenses；　viz。；　78：2　on　table　expenses；　and　64　on　servants。　　Now　neither　Lawson　nor　Eustace　have　more　than　140　rupees　for　their　allowance；　separate　from　house　rent；　for　which　80　rupees　each　is　allowed；　and　I　believe　all　the　brethren　are　on　that；　or　a　lower　allowance；　Brother　Yates　excepted；　who　chooses　for　himself。　　I　cannot　therefore　make　an　application　for　more　with　any　face。　　Indeed　we　have　no　power　to　add　or　diminish　salaries；　though　the　Society　would　agree　to　our　doing　so　if　we　showed　good　reasons　for　it。　　I　believe　the　allowances　of　the　missionaries　from　the　London　Society　are　about　the　same；　or　rather　lessviz。　？00　sterling；　or　132　rupees　a　month；　besides　extra　expenses；　so　that　your　income；　taking　it　at　140　rupees　a　month；　is　quite　equal　to　that　of　any　other　missionary。　　I　may　also　mention　that　neither　Eustace　nor　Lawson　can　do　without　a　buggy；　which　is　not　a　small　expense。

〃I　suppose　the　two　articles　you　have　mentioned　of　table　expenses　and　servants　include　a　number　of　other　things；　otherwise　I　cannot　imagine　how　you　can　go　to　that　expense。　　When　I　was　at　Mudnabati　my　income　was　200　per　month；　and　during　the　time　I　stayed　there　I　had　saved　near　2000　rupees。　　My　table　expenses　scarcely　ever　amounted　to　50　rupees；　and　though　I　kept　a　moonshi　at　20　rupee