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弌傍�� flatland 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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no means an easy thing to do always at short notice when you are in rude health and in a climate where it is difficult to tell your North from your South。

Windows there are none in our houses�此 �for the light comes to us alike in our homes and out of them�察�by day and by night�察�equally at all times and in all places�察�whence we know not。  It was in old days�察�with our learned men�察�an interesting and oft´investigated question�察 �What is the origin of light�拭─�and the solution of it has been repeatedly attempted�察�with no other result than to crowd our lunatic asylums with the would´be solvers。  Hence�察�after fruitless attempts to suppress such investigations indirectly by making them liable to a heavy tax�察�the Legislature�察�in comparatively recent times�察�absolutely prohibited them。 I  alas�察�I alone in Flatland  know now only too well the true solution of this mysterious problem�察�but my knowledge cannot be made intelligible to a single one of my countrymen�察�and I am mocked at  I�察�the sole possessor of the truths of Space and of the theory of the introduction of Light from the world of three Dimensions  as if I were the maddest of the mad� �But a truce to these painful digressions�此 �let me return to our houses。

The most common form for the construction of a house is five´sided or pentagonal�察�as in the annexed figure。  The two Northern sides RO�察�OF�察�constitute the roof�察�and for the most part have no doors�察�on the East is a small door for the Women�察�on the West a much larger one for the Men�察�the South side or floor is usually doorless。

Square and triangular houses are not allowed�察�and for this reason。 The angles of a Square ��and still more those of an equilateral Triangle���察�being much more pointed than those of a Pentagon�察�and the lines of inanimate objects ��such as houses�� being dimmer than the lines of Men and Women�察�it follows that there is no little danger lest the points of a square or triangular house residence might do serious injury to an inconsiderate or perhaps absent´minded traveller suddenly therefore�察�running against them�此 �and as early as the eleventh century of our era�察�triangular houses were universally forbidden by Law�察�the only exceptions being fortifications�察�powder´magazines�察�barracks�察�and other state buildings�察�which it is not desirable that the general public should approach without circumspection。







                             O                              /                            /                              /                                /                                  /                                   R/                    F                    _                   /                                       _/           Men's door                 _   Women's door                        _             /                        ____________/                        A            B


At this period�察�square houses were still everywhere permitted�察�though discouraged by a special tax。  But�察�about three centuries afterwards�察�the Law decided that in all towns containing a population above ten thousand�察�the angle of a Pentagon was the smallest house´angle that could be allowed consistently with the public safety。 The good sense of the community has seconded the efforts of the Legislature�察�and now�察�even in the country�察�the pentagonal construction has superseded every other。 It is only now and then in some very remote and backward agricultural district that an antiquarian may still discover a square house。




Section 3。  Concerning the Inhabitants of Flatland



The greatest length or breadth of a full grown inhabitant of Flatland may be estimated at about eleven of your inches。  Twelve inches may be regarded as a maximum。

Our Women are Straight Lines。

Our Soldiers and Lowest Classes of Workmen are Triangles with two equal sides�察�each about eleven inches long�察�and a base or third side so short ��often not exceeding half an inch�� that they form at their vertices a very sharp and formidable angle。 Indeed when their bases are of the most degraded type ��not more than the eighth part of an inch in size���察�they can hardly be distinguished from Straight Lines or Women�察�so extremely pointed are their vertices。 With us�察�as with you�察�these Triangles are distinguished from others by being called Isosceles�察�and by this name I shall refer to them in the following pages。

Our Middle Class consists of Equilateral or Equal´Sided Triangles。

Our Professional Men and Gentlemen are Squares ��to which class I myself belong�� and Five´Sided Figures or Pentagons。

Next above these come the Nobility�察�of whom there are several degrees�察�beginning at Six´Sided Figures�察�or Hexagons�察�and from thence rising in the number of their sides till they receive the honourable title of Polygonal�察�or many´sided。  Finally when the number of the sides becomes so numerous�察�and the sides themselves so small�察�that the figure cannot be distinguished from a circle�察�he is included in the Circular or Priestly order�察�and this is the highest class of all。

It is a Law of Nature with us that a male child shall have one more side than his father�察�so that each generation shall rise ��as a rule�� one step in the scale of development and nobility。 Thus the son of a Square is a Pentagon�察�the son of a Pentagon�察�a Hexagon�察�and so on。

But this rule applies not always to the Tradesmen�察�and still less often to the Soldiers�察�and to the Workmen�察�who indeed can hardly be said to deserve the name of human Figures�察�since they have not all their sides equal。  With them therefore the Law of Nature does not hold�察�and the son of an Isosceles ��i。e。 a Triangle with two sides equal�� remains Isosceles still。  Nevertheless�察�all hope is not shut out�察�even from the Isosceles�察�that his posterity may ultimately rise above his degraded condition。  For�察�after a long series of military successes�察�or diligent and skilful labours�察�it is generally found that the more intelligent among the Artisan and Soldier classes manifest a slight increase of their third side or base�察�and a shrinkage of the two other sides。 Intermarriages ��arranged by the Priests�� between the sons and daughters of these more intellectual members of the lower classes generally result in an offspring approximating still more to the type of the Equal´Sided Triangle。

Rarely  in proportion to the vast numbers of Isosceles births  is a genuine and certifiable Equal´Sided Triangle produced from Isosceles parents。  ��Note�此  �What need of a certificate�拭─�a Spaceland critic may ask�此  �Is not the procreation of a Square Son a certificate from Nature herself�察�proving the Equal´sidedness of the Father�拭─ �I reply that no Lady of any position will marry an uncertified Triangle。  Square offspring has sometimes resulted from a slightly Irregular Triangle�察�but in almost every such case the Irregularity of the first generation is visited on the third�察�which either fails to attain the Pentagonal rank�察�or relapses to the Triangular。�А �Such a birth requires�察�as its antecedents�察�not only a series of carefully arranged intermarriages�察�but also a long�察�continued exercise of frugality and self´control on the part of the would´be ancestors of the coming Equilateral�察�and a patient�察�systematic�察�and continuous development of the Isosceles intellect through many generations。

The birth of a True Equilateral Triangle from Isosceles parents is the subject of rejoicing in our country for many furlongs around。 After a strict examination conducted by the Sanitary and Social Board�察�the infant�察�if certified as Regular�察�is with solemn ceremonial admitted into the class of Equilaterals。  He is then immediately taken from his proud yet sorrowing parents and adopted by some childless Equilateral�察�who is bound by oath never to permit the child henceforth to enter his former home or so much as to look upon his relations again�察�for fear lest the freshly developed organism may�察�by force of unconscious imitation�察�fall back again into his hereditary level。

The occasional emergence of an Equilateral from the ranks of his serf´born ancestors is welcomed�察�not only by the poor serfs themselves�察�as a gleam of light and hope shed upon the monotonous squalor of their existence�察�but also b

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