the athenian constitution-第13章

按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页，按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页，按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部！
————未阅读完？加入书签已便下次继续阅读！


ch　are　let　for　three　years；　and　those　which　are　let　under　special　agreements　years。　They　also　sell；　in　the　presence　of　the　Council；　the　property　of　those　who　have　gone　into　exile　from　the　court　of　the　Areopagus；　and　of　others　whose　goods　have　been　confiscated；　and　the　nine　Archons　ratify　the　contracts。　They　also　hand　over　to　the　Council　lists　of　the　taxes　which　are　farmed　out　for　the　　year；　entering　on　whitened　tablets　the　name　of　the　lessee　and　the　amount　paid。　They　make　separate　lists；　first　of　those　who　have　to　pay　their　instalments　in　each　prytany；　on　ten　several　tablets；　next　of　　those　who　pay　thrice　in　the　year；　with　a　separate　tablet　for　each　instalment；　and　finally　of　those　who　pay　in　the　ninth　prytany。　They　also　　draw　up　a　list　of　farms　and　dwellings　which　have　been　confiscated　and　sold　by　order　of　the　courts；　for　these　too　come　within　their　province。　In　the　case　of　dwellings　the　value　must　be　paid　up　in　five　years；　and　in　that　of　farms；　in　ten。　The　instalments　are　paid　in　the　ninth　prytany。　Further；　the　King…archon　brings　before　the　Council　　the　leases　of　the　sacred　enclosures；　written　on　whitened　tablets。　These　too　are　leased　for　ten　years；　and　the　instalments　are　paid　in　the　prytany；　consequently　it　is　in　this　prytany　that　the　greatest　amount　of　money　is　collected。　The　tablets　containing　the　lists　of　the　instalments　are　carried　into　the　Council；　and　the　public　clerk　takes　charge　of　them。　Whenever　a　payment　of　instalments　is　to　be　made　he　takes　from　the　pigeon…holes　the　precise　list　of　the　sums　which　are　to　　be　paid　and　struck　off　on　that　day；　and　delivers　it　to　the　Receivers…General。　The　rest　are　kept　apart；　in　order　that　no　sum　may　be　struck　　off　before　it　is　paid。

Part　48

　　There　are　ten　Receivers…General　（Apodectae）；　elected　by　lot；　one　from　each　tribe。　These　officers　receive　the　tablets；　and　strike　off　the　instalments　as　they　are　paid；　in　the　presence　of　the　Council　in　the　Council…chamber；　and　give　the　tablets　back　to　the　public　　clerk。　If　any　one　fails　to　pay　his　instalment；　a　note　is　made　of　it　on　the　tablet；　and　he　is　bound　to　pay　double　the　amount　of　the　deficiency；　or；　in　default；　to　be　imprisoned。　The　Council　has　full　power　by　the　laws　to　exact　these　payments　and　to　inflict　this　imprisonment。　They　receive　all　the　instalments；　therefore；　on　one　day；　and　portion　the　money　out　among　the　magistrates；　and　on　the　next　day　they　　bring　up　the　report　of　the　apportionment；　written　on　a　wooden　notice…board；　and　read　it　out　in　the　Council…chamber；　after　which　they　ask　publicly　in　the　Council　whether　any　one　knows　of　any　malpractice　in　reference　to　the　apportionment；　on　the　part　of　either　a　magistrate　or　a　private　individual；　and　if　any　one　is　charged　with　malpractice　they　take　a　vote　on　it。　　　The　Council　also　elects　ten　Auditors　（Logistae）　by　lot　from　its　own　members；　to　audit　the　accounts　of　the　magistrates　for　each　prytany。　They　also　elect　one　Examiner　of　Accounts　（Euthunus）　by　lot　from　each　tribe；　with　two　assessors　（Paredri）　for　each　　examiner；　whose　duty　it　is　to　sit　at　the　ordinary　market　hours；　each　opposite　the　statue　of　the　eponymous　hero　of　his　tribe；　and　if　any　one　wishes　to　prefer　a　charge；　on　either　public　or　private　grounds；　against　any　magistrate　who　has　passed　his　audit　before　the　law…courts；　within　three　days　of　his　having　so　passed；　he　enters　on　a　whitened　　tablet　his　own　name　and　that　of　the　magistrate　prosecuted；　together　with　the　malpractice　that　is　alleged　against　him。　He　also　appends　his　　claim　for　a　penalty　of　such　amount　as　seems　to　him　fitting；　and　gives　in　the　record　to　the　Examiner。　The　latter　takes　it；　and　if　after　reading　it　he　considers　it　proved　he　hands　it　over；　if　a　private　case；　to　the　local　justices　who　introduce　cases　for　the　tribe　concerned；　while　if　it　is　a　public　case　he　enters　it　on　the　register　of　the　Thesmothetae。　Then；　if　the　Thesmothetae　accept　it；　they　bring　the　accounts　of　this　magistrate　once　more　before　the　law…court；　and　the　decision　of　the　jury　stands　as　the　final　judgement。

Part　49

　　The　Council　also　inspects　the　horses　belonging　to　the　state。　If　a　man　who　has　a　good　horse　is　found　to　keep　it　in　bad　condition；　he　is　mulcted　in　his　allowance　of　corn；　while　those　which　cannot　keep　up　or　which　shy　and　will　not　stand　steady；　it　brands　with　a　wheel　on　the　jaw；　and　the　horse　so　marked　is　disqualified　for　service。　It　also　inspects　those　who　appear　to　be　fit　for　service　as　scouts；　and　any　one　whom　it　rejects　is　deprived　of　his　horse。　It　also　　examines　the　infantry　who　serve　among　the　cavalry；　and　any　one　whom　it　rejects　ceases　to　receive　his　pay。　The　roll　of　the　cavalry　is　drawn　up　by　the　Commissioners　of　Enrolment　（Catalogeis）；　ten　in　number；　　elected　by　the　Assembly　by　open　vote。　They　hand　over　to　the　Hipparchs　and　Phylarchs　the　list　of　those　whom　they　have　enrolled；　and　these　officers　take　it　and　bring　it　up　before　the　Council；　and　there　open　the　sealed　tablet　containing　the　names　of　the　cavalry。　If　　any　of　those　who　have　been　on　the　roll　previously　make　affidavit　that　they　are　physically　incapable　of　cavalry　service；　they　strike　them　out；　then　they　call　up　the　persons　newly　enrolled；　and　if　any　one　makes　affidavit　that　he　is　either　physically　or　pecuniarily　incapable　of　cavalry　service　they　dismiss　him；　but　if　no　such　affidavit　　is　made　the　Council　vote　whether　the　individual　in　question　is　suitable　for　the　purpose　or　not。　If　they　vote　in　the　affirmative　his　name　is　　entered　on　the　tablet；　if　not；　he　is　dismissed　with　the　others。　　　Formerly　the　Council　used　to　decide　on　the　plans　for　public　buildings　and　the　contract　for　making　the　robe　of　Athena；　　but　now　this　work　is　done　by　a　jury　in　the　law…courts　appointed　by　lot；　since　the　Council　was　considered　to　have　shown　favouritism　in　its　　decisions。　The　Council　also　shares　with　the　Military　Treasurer　the　　superintendence　of　the　manufacture　of　the　images　of　Victory　and　the　prizes　at　the　Panathenaic　festival。　　　The　Council　also　examines　infirm　paupers；　for　there　is　a　law　which　provides　that　persons　possessing　less　than　three　minas；　who　are　so　crippled　as　to　be　unable　to　do　any　work；　are；　after　　examination　by　the　Council；　to　receive　two　obols　a　day　from　the　state　for　their　support。　A　treasurer　is　appointed　by　lot　to　attend　to　them。　　　The　Council　also；　speaking　broadly；　cooperates　in　most　of　　the　duties　of　all　the　other　magistrates；　and　this　ends　the　list　of　the　functions　of　that　body。

Part　50

　　There　are　ten　Commissioners　for　Repairs　of　Temples；　elected　by　lot；　who　receive　a　sum　of　thirty　minas　from　the　　Receivers…General；　and　therewith　carry　out　the　most　necessary　repairs　in　the　temples。　　　There　are　also　ten　City　Commissioners　（Astynomi）；　of　whom　five　hold　office　in　Piraeus　and　five　in　the　city。　Their　duty　is　　to　see　that　female　flute…and　harp…and　lute…players　are　not　hired　at　more　than　two　drachmas；　and　if　more　than　one　person　is　anxious　to　hire　the　same　girl；　they　cast　lots　and　hire　her　out　to　the　person　to　whom　the　lot　falls。　They　also　provide　that　no　collector　of　sewage　shall　shoot　any　of　his　sewage　within　ten　stradia　of　the　walls；　they　　prevent　people　from　blocking　up　the　streets　by　building；　or　stretching　barriers　across　them；　or　making　drain…pipes　in　mid…air　with　a　discharge　into　the　street；　or　having　doors　which　open　outwards；　they　also　remove　the　corpses　of　those　who　die　in　the　streets；　for　which　purpose　they　have　a　body　of　state　slaves　assigned　to　them。

Part　51

　　Market　Commissioners　（Agoranomi）　are　elected　by　lot；　five　for　Piraeus；　five　for　the　city。　Their　statutory　duty　is　to　see　that　all　articles　offered　for　sale　in　the　market　are　pure　and　unadulterated。　　　Commissioners　of　Weights　and　Measures　（Metronomi）　are　elected　by　lot；　five　for　the　city；　and　five　for　Piraeus。　They　see　that　sellers　use　fair　weights　and　measures。　　　Formerly　there　were　ten　Corn　Commissioners　（Sitophylaces）；　elected　by　lot；　five　for　Piraeus；　and　five　for　the　city；　but　now　there　are　twenty　for　the　city　and　fifteen　for　Piraeus。　Their　duties　are；　first；　to　see　that　the　unprepared　corn　in　the　market　is　offered　for　sale　at　reasonable　prices；　and　secondly；　to　see　that　the　millers　sell　barley　meal　at　a　price　proportionate　to　that　of　barley；　and　that　the　bakers　sell　their　loaves　at　a　price　proportionate　to　that　of　wheat；　and　of　such　we