the history-第112章

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　his　army　to　their　assistance；　but　on　his　arrival　he　seized　Scythas；　the　Zanclaean　king；　who　had　just　lost　his　city；　and　sent　him　away　in　chains；　together　with　his　brother　Pythogenes；　to　the　town　of　Inycus；　after　which　he　came　to　an　understanding　with　the　Samians；　exchanged　oaths　with　them；　and　agreed　to　betray　the　people　of　Zancle。　The　reward　of　his　treachery　was　to　be　one…half　of　the　goods　and　chattels；　including　slaves；　which　the　town　contained；　and　all　that　he　could　find　in　the　open　country。　Upon　this　Hippocrates　seized　and　bound　the　greater　number　of　the　Zanclaeans　as　slaves；　delivering；　however；　into　the　hands　of　the　Samians　three　hundred　of　the　principal　citizens；　to　be　slaughtered；　but　the　Samians　spared　the　lives　of　these　persons。　　　　　Scythas；　the　king　of　the　Zanclaeans；　made　his　escape　from　Inycus；　and　fled　to　Himera；　whence　he　passed　into　Asia；　and　went　up　to　the　court　of　Darius。　Darius　thought　him　the　most　upright　of　all　the　Greeks　to　whom　he　afforded　a　refuge；　for　with　the　king's　leave　he　paid　a　visit　to　Sicily；　and　thence　returned　back　to　Persia；　where　he　lived　in　great　comfort；　and　died　by　a　natural　death　at　an　advanced　age。　　　　　Thus　did　the　Samians　escape　the　yoke　of　the　Medes；　and　possess　themselves　without　any　trouble　of　Zancle；　a　most　beautiful　city。　At　Samos　itself　the　Phoenicians；　after　the　fight　which　had　Miletus　for　its　prize　was　over；　re…established　Aeaces；　the　son　of　Syloson；　upon　his　throne。　This　they　did　by　the　command　of　the　Persians；　who　looked　upon　Aeaces　as　one　who　had　rendered　them　a　high　service　and　therefore　deserved　well　at　their　hands。　They　likewise　spared　the　Samians；　on　account　of　the　desertion　of　their　vessels；　and　did　not　burn　either　their　city　or　their　temples；　as　they　did　those　of　the　other　rebels。　Immediately　after　the　fall　of　Miletus　the　Persians　recovered　Caria；　bringing　some　of　the　cities　over　by　force；　while　others　submitted　of　their　own　accord。　　　　　Meanwhile　tidings　of　what　had　befallen　Miletus　reached　Histiaeus　the　Milesian；　who　was　still　at　Byzantium；　employed　in　intercepting　the　Ionian　merchantmen　as　they　issued　from　the　Euxine。　Histiaeus　had　no　sooner　heard　the　news　than　he　gave　the　Hellespont　in　charge　to　Bisaltes；　son　of　Apollophanes；　a　native　of　Abydos；　and　himself；　at　the　head　of　his　Lesbians；　set　sail　for　Chios。　One　of　the　Chian　garrisons　which　opposed　him　he　engaged　at　a　place　called　〃The　Hollows；〃　situated　in　the　Chian　territory；　and　of　these　he　slaughtered　a　vast　number；　afterwards；　by　the　help　of　his　Lesbians；　he　reduced　all　the　rest　of　the　Chians；　who　were　weakened　by　their　losses　in　the　sea…fight；　Polichne；　a　city　of　Chios；　serving　him　as　head…quarters。　　　　　It　mostly　happens　that　there　is　some　warning　when　great　misfortunes　are　about　to　befall　a　state　or　nation；　and　so　it　was　in　this　instance；　for　the　Chians　had　previously　had　some　strange　tokens　sent　to　them。　A　choir　of　a　hundred　of　their　youths　had　been　despatched　to　Delphi；　and　of　these　only　two　had　returned；　the　remaining　ninety…eight　having　been　carried　off　by　a　pestilence。　Likewise；　about　the　same　time；　and　very　shortly　before　the　sea…fight；　the　roof　of　a　school…house　had　fallen　in　upon　a　number　of　their　boys；　who　were　at　lessons；　and　out　of　a　hundred　and　twenty　children　there　was　but　one　left　alive。　Such　were　the　signs　which　God　sent　to　warn　them。　It　was　very　shortly　afterwards　that　the　sea…fight　happened；　which　brought　the　city　down　upon　its　knees；　and　after　the　sea…fight　came　the　attack　of　Histiaeus　and　his　Lesbians；　to　whom　the　Chians；　weakened　as　they　were；　furnished　an　easy　conquest。　　　　　Histiaeus　now　led　a　numerous　army；　composed　of　Ionians　and　Aelians；　against　Thasos；　and　had　laid　siege　to　the　place　when　news　arrived　that　the　Phoenicians　were　about　to　quit　Miletus　and　attack　the　other　cities　of　Ionia。　On　hearing　this；　Histiaeus　raised　the　siege　of　Thasos；　and　hastened　to　Lesbos　with　all　his　forces。　There　his　army　was　in　great　straits　for　want　of　food；　whereupon　Histiaeus　left　Lesbos　and　went　across　to　the　mainland；　intending　to　cut　the　crops　which　were　growing　in　the　Atarnean　territory；　and　likewise　in　the　plain　of　the　Caicus；　which　belonged　to　Mysia。　Now　it　chanced　that　a　certain　Persian　named　Harpagus　was　in　these　regions　at　the　head　of　an　army　of　no　little　strength。　He；　when　Histiaeus　landed；　marched　out　to　meet　him；　and　engaging　with　his　forces　destroyed　the　greater　number　of　them；　and　took　Histiaeus　himself　prisoner。　　　　　Histiaeus　fell　into　the　hands　of　the　Persians　in　the　following　manner。　The　Greeks　and　Persians　engaged　at　Malena；　in　the　region　of　Atarneus；　and　the　battle　was　for　a　long　time　stoutly　contested；　till　at　length　the　cavalry　came　up；　and；　charging　the　Greeks；　decided　the　conflict。　The　Greeks　fled；　and　Histiaeus；　who　thought　that　Darius　would　not　punish　his　fault　with　death；　showed　how　he　loved　his　life　by　the　following　conduct。　Overtaken　in　his　flight　by　one　of　the　Persians；　who　was　about　to　run　him　through；　he　cried　aloud　in　the　Persian　tongue　that　he　was　Histiaeus　the　Milesian。　　　　　Now；　had　he　been　taken　straightway　before　King　Darius；　I　verily　believe　that　he　would　have　received　no　hurt；　but　the　king　would　have　freely　forgiven　him。　Artaphernes；　however；　satrap　of　Sardis；　and　his　captor　Harpagus；　on　this　very　account…　because　they　were　afraid　that；　if　he　escaped；　he　would　be　again　received　into　high　favour　by　the　king…　put　him　to　death　as　soon　as　he　arrived　at　Sardis。　His　body　they　impaled　at　that　place；　while　they　embalmed　his　head　and　sent　it　up　to　Susa　to　the　king。　Darius；　when　he　learnt　what　had　taken　place；　found　great　fault　with　the　men　engaged　in　this　business　for　not　bringing　Histiaeus　alive　into　his　presence；　and　commanded　his　servants　to　wash　and　dress　the　head　with　all　care；　and　then　bury　it；　as　the　head　of　a　man　who　had　been　a　great　benefactor　to　himself　and　the　Persians。　Such　was　the　sequel　of　the　history　of　Histiaeus。　　　　　The　naval　armament　of　the　Persians　wintered　at　Miletus；　and　in　the　following　year　proceeded　to　attack　the　islands　off　the　coast；　Chios；　Lesbos；　and　Tenedos；　which　were　reduced　without　difficulty。　Whenever　they　became　masters　of　an　island；　the　barbarians；　in　every　single　instance；　netted　the　inhabitants。　Now　the　mode　in　which　they　practise　this　netting　is　the　following。　Men　join　hands；　so　as　to　form　a　line　across　from　the　north　coast　to　the　south；　and　then　march　through　the　island　from　end　to　end　and　hunt　out　the　inhabitants。　In　like　manner　the　Persians　took　also　the　Ionian　towns　upon　the　mainland；　not　however　netting　the　inhabitants；　as　it　was　not　possible。　　　　　And　now　their　generals　made　good　all　the　threats　wherewith　they　had　menaced　the　Ionians　before　the　battle。　For　no　sooner　did　they　get　possession　of　the　towns　than　they　choose　out　all　the　best　favoured　boys　and　made　them　eunuchs；　while　the　most　beautiful　of　the　girls　they　tore　from　their　homes　and　sent　as　presents　to　the　king；　at　the　same　time　burning　the　cities　themselves；　with　their　temples。　Thus　were　the　Ionians　for　the　third　time　reduced　to　slavery；　once　by　the　Lydians；　and　a　second；　and　now　a　third　time；　by　the　Persians。　　　　　The　sea　force；　after　quitting　Ionia；　proceeded　to　the　Hellespont；　and　took　all　the　towns　which　lie　on　the　left　shore　as　one　sails　into　the　straits。　For　the　cities　on　the　right　bank　had　already　been　reduced　by　the　land　force　of　the　Persians。　Now　these　are　the　places　which　border　the　Hellespont　on　the　European　side；　the　Chersonese；　which　contains　a　number　of　cities；　Perinthus；　the　forts　in　Thrace；　Selybria；　and　Byzantium。　The　Byzantines　at　this　time；　and　their　opposite　neighbours；　the　Chalcedonians；　instead　of　awaiting　the　coming　of　the　Phoenicians；　quitted　their　country；　and　sailing　into　the　Euxine；　took　up　their　abode　at　the　city　of　Mesembria。　The　Phoenicians；　after　burning　all　the　places　above　mentioned；　proceeded　to　Proconnresus　and　Artaca；　which　they　likewise　delivered　to　the　flames；　this　done；　they　returned　to　the　Chersonese；　being　minded　to　reduce　those　cities　which　they　had　not　ravaged　in　their　former　cruise。　Upon　Cyzicus　they　made　no　attack　at　all；　as　before　their　coming　the　inhabitants　had　made　terms　with　Oebares；　the　son　of　Megabazus；　and　satrap　of　Dascyleium；　and　had　submitted　themselves　to　the　king。　In　the　Chersonese　the　Phoenicians　subdued　all　the　cities；　exceptin