the history-第155章
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barked on board their ships and sailed back to Histiaea； while Xerxes and his army proceeded upon their march。 There came now a few deserters from Arcadia to join the Persians… poor men who had nothing to live on； and were in want of employment。 The Persians brought them into the king's presence； and there inquired of them； by a man who acted as their spokesman； 〃what the Greeks were doing？〃 The Arcadians answered… 〃They are holding the Olympic Games； seeing the athletic sports and the chariot…races。〃 〃And what；〃 said the man； 〃is the prize for which they contend？〃 〃An olive…wreath；〃 returned the others； 〃which is given to the man who wins。〃 On hearing this； Tritantaechmes； the son of Artabanus； uttered a speech which was in truth most noble； but which caused him to be taxed with cowardice by King Xerxes。 Hearing the men say that the prize was not money but a wreath of olive； he could not forbear from exclaiming before them all： 〃Good heavens！ Mardonius； what manner of men are these against whom thou hast brought us to fight？… men who contend with one another； not for money； but for honour！〃 A little before this； and just after the blow had been struck at Thermopylae； a herald was sent into Phocis by the Thessalians； who had always been on bad terms with the Phocians； and especially since their last overthrow。 For it was not many years previous to this invasion of Greece by the king； that the Thessalians； with their allies； entered Phocis in full force； but were defeated by the Phocians in an engagement wherein they were very roughly handled。 The Phocians； who had with them as soothsayer Tellias of Elis； were blocked up in the mountain of Parnassus； when the following stratagem was contrived for them by their Elean ally。 He took six hundred of their bravest men； and whitened their bodies and their arms with chalk； then instructing them to slay every one whom they should meet that was not whitened like themselves； he made a night attack upon the Thessalians。 No sooner did the Thessalian sentries； who were the first to see them； behold this strange sight； than； imagining it to be a prodigy； they were all filled with affright。 From the sentries the alarm spread to the army； which was seized with such a panic that the Phocians killed four thousand of them； and became masters of their dead bodies and shields。 Of the shields one half were sent as an offering to the temple at Abae； the other half were deposited at Delphi； while from the tenth part of the booty gained in the battle； were made the gigantic figures which stand round the tripod in front of the Delphic shrine； and likewise the figures of the same size and character at Abae。 Besides this slaughter of the Thessalian foot when it was blockading them； the Phocians had dealt a blow to their horse upon its invading their territory； from which they had never recovered。 There is a pass near the city of Hyampolis； where the Phocians； having dug a broad trench； filled up the void with empty wine…jars； after which they covered the place with mould； so that the ground all looked alike； and then awaited the coming of the Thessalians。 These； thinking to destroy the Phocians at one sweep； rushed rapidly forward； and became entangled in the wine…jars； which broke the legs of their horses。 The Thessalians had therefore a double cause of quarrel with the Phocians； when they dispatched the herald above mentioned； who thus delivered his message：… 〃At length acknowledge； ye men of Phocis； that ye may not think to match with us。 In times past； when it pleased us to hold with the Greeks； we had always the vantage over you； and now our influence is such with the barbarian； that； if we choose it； you will lose your country； and （what is even worse） you will be sold as slaves。 However； though we can now do with you exactly as we like； we are willing to forget our wrongs。 Quit them with a payment of fifty talents of silver； and we undertake to ward off the evils which threaten your country。〃 Such was the message which the Thessalians sent。 The Phocians were the only people in these parts who had not espoused the cause of the Medes； and it is my deliberate opinion that the motive which swayed them was none other… neither more nor less… than their hatred of the Thessalians： for had the Thessalians declared in favour of the Greeks； I believe that the men of Phocis would have joined the Median side。 As it was； when the message arrived； the Phocians made answer； that 〃they would not pay anything… it was open to them； equally with the Thessalians； to make common cause with the Medes； if they only chose so to do… but they would never of their own free will become traitors to Greece。〃 On the return of this answer； the Thessalians； full of wrath against the Phocians； offered themselves as guides to the barbarian army； and led them forth from Trachinia into Doris。 In this place there is a narrow tongue of Dorian territory； not more than thirty furlongs across； interposed between Malis and Phocis； it is the tract in ancient times called Dryopis； and the land； of which it is a part； is the mother…country of the Dorians in the Peloponnese。 This territory the barbarians did not plunder； for the inhabitants had espoused their side； and besides； the Thessalians wished that they should be spared。 From Doris they marched forward into Phocis； but here the inhabitants did not fall into their power： for some of them had taken refuge in the high grounds of Parnassus… one summit of which； called Tithorea； standing quite by itself； not far from the city of Neon； is well fitted to give shelter to a large body of men； and had now received a number of the Phocians with their movables； while the greater portion had fled to the country of the Ozolian Locrians； and placed their goods in the city called Amphissa； which lies above the Crissaean plain。 The land of Phocis； however； was entirely overrun； for the Thessalians led the Persian army through the whole of it； and wherever they went； the country was wasted with fire and sword； the cities and even the temples being wilfully set alight by the troops。 The march of the army lay along the valley of the Cephissus； and here they ravaged far and wide； burning the towns of Drymus； Charadra； Erochus； Tethronium； Amphicaea； Neon； Pedieis； Triteis； Elateia； Hyampolis； Parapotamii； and Abae。 At the last…named place there was a temple of Apollo； very rich； and adorned with a vast number of treasures and offerings。 There was likewise an oracle there in those days； as indeed there is at the present time。 This temple the Persians plundered and burnt； and here they captured a number of the Phocians before they could reach the hills； and caused the death of some of their women by ill…usage。 After passing Parapotamii； the barbarians marched to Panopeis； and now the army separated into two bodies； whereof one； which was the more numerous and the stronger of the two； marched； under Xerxes himself； towards Athens； entering Boeotia by the country of the Orchomenians。 The Boeotians had one and all embraced the cause of the Medes； and their towns were in the possession of Macedonian garrisons； whom Alexander had sent there； to make it manifest to Xerxes that the Boeotians were on the Median side。 Such then was the road followed by one division of the barbarians。 The other division took guides； and proceeded towards the temple of Delphi； keeping Mount Parnassus on their right hand。 They too laid waste such parts of Phocis as they passed through； burning the city of the Panopeans； together with those of the Daulians and of the Aeolidae。 This body had been detached from the rest of the army； and made to march in this direction； for the purpose of plundering the Delphian temple and conveying to King Xerxes the riches which were there laid up。 For Xerxes； as I am informed； was better acquainted with what there was worthy of note at Delphi； than even with what he had left in his own house； so many of those about him were continually describing the treasures… more especially the offerings made by Croesus the son of Alyattes。 Now when the Delphians heard what danger they were in； great fear fell on them。 In their terror they consulted the oracle concerning the holy tr
