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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及12嫗

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uniformity and to see it through the press。 The records are not extant that 

tell whether this was done in full detail�察�though we may presume that each 

section   of   the   Scripture   had   the   benefit   of   the   scholarship   of   the   entire 

company。 

     We     know      a  good     deal    of  the   method      of   their   work。     We    shall 

understand   it   better   by   recalling   what   material   they   had   at   hand。   They 

were enabled to use the result of all the work that had been done before 

them。   They   were   instructed   to   follow   the   Bishops'   Bible   wherever   they 



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could do so fairly�察�but they were given power to use the versions already 

named   from   Wiclif   down�察  �as   well   as   those   fragmentary   versions   which 

were numerous�察�and of which no mention has been made。 They ransacked 

all English forms for felicitous words and happy phrases。 It is one of the 

interesting incidents that this same Hugh Broughton�察�who was left off the 

committee   and   took   it   so   hard�察  �yet   without   his   will   contributed   some 

important matter to the translation�察�because he had on his own authority 

made translations of certain parts of the Scripture。 Several of our capital 

phrases in the King James version are from him。 There was no effort to 

break   out   new   paths。   Preference   was   always   given   to   a   familiar   phrase 

rather than to a new one�察�unless accuracy required it。 First�察�then�察�they had 

the benefit of all the work that had been done before in the same line�察�and 

gladly used it。 

     In addition�察�they had all other versions made in the tongues of the time。 

Chiefly there was Luther's German Bible�察�already become for the German 

tongue what their version was destined to be for the English tongue。 There 

were   parts   of   the   Bible   available   in   Spanish�察  �French�察  �and   Dutch。   They 

were   kept   at   hand   constantly   for   any   light   they   might   cast   on   difficult 

passages。 

     For the Old Testament there were very few Hebrew texts。 There had 

been little critical work yet done on them�察�and for the most part there were 

only   different   editions   running   back   over   the   centuries。   We   have   little 

more   than   that   now�察  �and   there   is   almost   no   new   material   on   the   Old 

Testament   since   the   days   of   the   King   James   translators。   There   was�察  �of 

course�察    �the   Septuagint�察    �the   Greek    translation     from   the   Hebrew      made 

before   Christ�察  �with   the   guidance   it   could   give   in   doubtful   places   on   the 

probable original。 And finally there was the Vulgate�察�made into Latin out 

of   the   Greek   and   Hebrew。 This   was   all   the   Old Testament   material   they 

had�察�or that any one could have in view of the antiquated original sources。 

     The New Testament material was more abundant�察�though not nearly so 

abundant as to´day。 There were few manuscripts of the early days to which 

they could refer�察�but there were the two great critical versions of the New 

Testament in Greek�察�that by Erasmus and the Complutensian�察�which had 

made use   of the best   manuscripts known。 Then�察 �finally  again�察 �there   was 



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the Vulgate。 

     We must stop a moment to see what was the value of the Vulgate in 

this   work。     It  is  impossible     to  reckon    the   number      of  the   early   New 

Testament manuscripts that have been lost。 In the earlier day the Scriptures 

were     transmitted     from    church     to   church�察   �and    from    age   to  age�察   �by 

manuscripts。       Many      of   them    were     made     as   direct   copies    of   other 

manuscripts�察  �but   many   were   made   by   scribes   to   whom   the   manuscripts 

were     read   as   they   wrote�察   �so   that  there    are  many�察    �though    ordinarily 

comparatively   slight�察  �variations   among   the   manuscripts   which   we   now 

know。 More manuscripts are coming to light constantly�察�manuscripts once 

well known   and then   lost。 Many  of   them�察�perhaps   many earlier   than   we 

now   have�察  �must   have   been   familiar   to   Jerome   four   hundred   years   after 

Christ。   When�察  �therefore�察  �there   is   a   plain   difference   between   the   Vulgate 

and our early Greek manuscripts�察�the Vulgate may be wrong because it is 

only a translation�察�but it may be right because it is a translation of earlier 

manuscripts than some of ours。 It is steadily losing its value at that point�察�

for Greek manuscripts are all the time coming to light which run farther 

back。   But   we   must   not   minimize   the   value   of   the   Vulgate   for   our   King 

James translation。 

     With all this material the scholars of the early seventeenth century set 

to work。 Each man in the group made the translation that seemed best to 

him�察�and together they analyzed the results and finally agreed on the best。 

They hunted the other versions to see if it had been better done elsewhere。 

The   shade   of   Tindale   was   over   it   all。   The   Genevan   version   was   most 

influential。   The   Douai   had   its   share�察  �and   the   Bishops'   was   the   general 

standard�察�altered only when accuracy required it。 On all hard passages they 

called   to   their   aid   the   appropriate   departments   of   both   universities。   All 

scholars everywhere were asked to send in any contributions�察�to correct or 

criticize as they would。 Public announcement of the work was made�察�and 

all possible help was besought and gladly accepted。 

     Very faithfully these greatest scholars of their time wrought。 No   one 

worked for money�察�and no one worked for pay�察�but each for the joy of the 

working。   Three   years   they   spent   on   the   original   work�察  �three   years   on 

careful   revision   and   on   the   marginal   references   by   which   Scripture   was 



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made      to  throw    light   on   Scripture。     Then    in  six   months     a  committee 

reviewed   it   all�察  �put   it   through   the   press�察  �and   at   last�察  �in   1611�察  �with   the 

imprint of Robert Barker�察�Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty�察�the 

King     James     version    appeared。    The    name     Authorized      Version    is  not  a 

happy one�察�for so far as the records go it was never authorized either by 

the King or the bishop�察�and�察�even if it were�察�the authority does not extend 

beyond the English Church�察�which is a very small fraction of those who 

use it。 On the title´page of the original version�察�as on so many since�察�is the 

familiar   line�察   �Appointed   to   be   Read   in   Churches�察─  �but   who   made   the 

appointment history does not say。 

     The version did not at once supersede the Genevan and the Bishops'�察�

but    it  was     so   incomparably       better    than    either   that   gradually     they 

disappeared�察�and by sheer excellence it took the field�察�and it holds the field 

to´day in spite of the  numerous supposedly improved versions that have 

appeared   under   private   auspices。   It   holds   the   field�察  �also�察  �in   spite   of   the 

excellent      revised    version    of   1881    made     by   authority�察   �and    the  more 

excellent version issued in 1901 by the American Revision Committee�察�to´ 

day   undoubtedly   the   best   version   in   existence�察  �considered   simply   as   a 

reproduction of the sense of the original。 And for reasons that may later 

appear�察�the King James version bids fair to hold the fiel

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