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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及37嫗

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English     are   still  human�察   �and    assuring    the   English    that  Americans       are 

already human。 Irving was trained early and thoroughly in the Bible。 All 

his   life   he   was   an   old´fashioned   Episcopalian   with   no   concern   for   new 

religious ideas and with no rough edges anywhere。 Charles Dudley Warner�察�

speaking of Irving's moral quality�察�says�此 �I cannot bring myself to exclude 

it from a literary estimate�察�even in the face of the current gospel of art for 

art's sake。;��1�А�Like Scott�察�he ;recognized the abiding value in literature of 

integrity�察   �sincerity�察   �purity�察  �charity�察  �faith。   These    are   beneficences�察     �and 

Irving's   literature�察   �walk   around      it  and   measure    it   by   whatever    critical 

instruments you will�察�is a beneficent literature。; 

       ��1�А�American Men of Letters Series�察�Washington Irving�察�p。 302。 

       Then   there   is   Emerson�察  �a   son   of   the   manse   and   once   a   minister 

himself。 He was�察�therefore�察�perfectly familiar with the English Bible。 He 

did not accept it in all its religious teaching。 Indeed�察�we have never had a 

more marked individualist in our American public life than Emerson。 At 

every   point   he   was   simply   himself。   There   is   very   little   quotation   in   his 

writing�察�very little visible influence of any one else。 He was not a follower 

of   Carlyle�察  �though   he   was   his   friend。   If   there   is   any   precedent   for   the 

construction of his sentences�察�and even of his essays�察�it is to be found in 

the Hebrew prophets。 As some one puts it�察 �he uttered sayings。; In many 

of his essays there is no particular reason why the paragraphs should run 

one�察�two�察�three�察�and not three�察�two�察�one�察�or two�察�one�察�three�察�or in any other 

order。 But Mr。 Emerson was just himself。 It is yet true that ;his value for 



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the world at large lies in the fact that after all he is incurably religious。; It 

is   true   that   he   could   not   see   any   importance   in   forms�察  �or   in   ordinary 

declarations   of   faith。   ;He   would   fight   no   battle   for   prelacy�察  �nor   for   the 

Westminster        confession�察     �nor   for   the   Trinity�察  �but   as   against    atheism�察�

pessimism�察�and materialism�察�he was an ally of Christianity。; The influence 

of the Bible on Emerson is more marked in his spirit than in anything else。 

Once   in   a   while�察 �as   in   that   familiar   address   at   Concord   ��1873���察  �you   run 

across Scripture phrases�此 �Shall not they who receive the largest streams 

spread abroad the healing waters�拭─�That figure appears in literature only in 

the Bible�察�and there are others like it in his writings。 

       As for   Longfellow�察 �he   is   shot through   with   Scripture。  No   man   who 

did   not   know   Scripture   in   more   than   a   passing   way   could   have   written 

such a sentence as this�此 �There are times when the grasshopper is a burden�察�

and thirsty with the heat of labor the spirit longs for the waters of Shiloah�察�

that    go   softly。;   There     are   two    strikingly    beautiful     expressions      from 

Scripture。 Take another familiar saying in the same essay when he says the 

prospect for poetry  is   brightening�察 �since  but   a  short time  ago   not   a  poet 

;moved the wing or opened the mouth or peeped。; He did not run across 

that in general current writing。 He got that directly from the Bible。 In his 

poems is an amazing amount of reference to the Bible。 One would expect 

much   in   the   ;Courtship   of   Miles   Standish�察─  �for   that   is   a   story   of   the 

Puritans�察�and they spoke�察�naturally�察�in terms of the Bible�察�yet�察�of course�察�

they could not do it in Longfellow's poem�察�if Longfellow did not know the 

language of the Bible very well。 One might not expect to find it so much 

in   ;Evangeline�察─  �but   it   is   there   from   beginning   to   end。   In   ;Acadia�察─  �the 

cock crowed 

                             ;With the self´same           Voice that in ages of old had 

startled the penitent              Peter。; 

     And�察                                   �Wild      with    the   winds     of  September�察�

Wrestled the trees of the forest�察�as Jacob of old                     with the angel。; 

     Evangeline saw the moon pass 

        Forth   from   the   folds   of   the   cloud�察  �and   one   star       followed   her 

footsteps�察     �As    out   of  Abraham's       tent  young     Ishmael     Wandered        with 

Hagar。; 



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     There is a great deal of that sort of thing in his writing。 He has done 

for many what he did for Lowell one day。 Discouraged in settling the form 

of    a  new    edition    of   his  own     poems�察    �Lowell     took   up   a   volume     of 

Longfellow   just   to   see   the   type�察  �and   presently   found   that   he   had   been 

reading      two    hours。    He    wrote    Longfellow       he    could    understand      his 

popularity�察�saying�此 �You sang me out of all my worries。; That is a great 

thing to do�察�and Longfellow learned from the Scripture how to do that in 

the ;Psalm of Life; and all his other poems。 

     We   need   only   a   word   about   Lowell   himself。   He   was   the   son   of   a 

minister�察  �and   so   knew   the   Bible   from   his   infancy。   He   belonged   to   the 

Brahman   caste   himself�察  �but   a   good   deal   of   the   ruggedness   of   the   Old 

Testament got into his writing。 It is in ;The Vision of Sir Launfal。; It is in 

his plea for international copyright where the familiar lines occur�此�

       ;In vain we call old notions fudge�察           �And bend our conscience to our 

dealing�察     �The   Ten   Commandments   will   not   budge�察            �And   stealing   will 

continue stealing。; 

     There is hint of it in his quizzical lines about himself in the Fable for 

Critics。 He says that he is in danger of rattling away 

       ;Until he is as old as Methusalem�察             �At the head of the march to the 

last New Jerusalem。; 

       Whittier needs no words of ours。 His hymns are part of our religious 

equipment。 ;Snowbound; and all the rest of the beautiful�察�quiet�察�Quaker´ 

like writing of this beloved poet are among our national assets。 We join in 

his sorrow as he writes the doom of Webster and his fame�察�and we do not 

wonder that he chose for it the Scriptural title ;Ichabod。; 

     Whatever is to be said about an individual here or there�察�it is true that 

great     American       literature    shows     the   influence      of   the   Bible。    Like 

everything   else   in America�察  �it   has   been   founded   on   a   religious   purpose。 

Writers in all lines have been trained in the Bible。 If they feel any religious 

influence at all�察�it is the Bible influence。 

     This   has   been   a   long   journey   from   Shakespeare   to   Whittier�察  �and   it 

leaves untouched the great field of present´day writers。 Let the unstarred 

names wait their time。 Among them are many who can say in their way 

what   Hall   Caine   has   said   of   himself�此   �I   think   I   know   my   Bible   as   few 



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literary men know it。 There is no book in the world like it�察�and the finest 

novels ever written fall far short in interest of any one of the stories it tells。 

Whatever strong situations I have in my books are not of my creation�察�but 

are taken from the Bible。 The Deemster is a story of the Prodigal Son。 The 

Bondman is the story of Esau and Jacob。 The Scapegoat is the story of Eli 

and   his   sons�察  �but   with   

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