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study of the king james bible(杯咫ヾ淵将ゝ冩梢)-及46嫗

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other thoughtful men。 And the Bible taught him that。 His concern was for 

the higher elements of life�察�his appeal was to the worthier values in men。 

The concern of the stage of his day was for the more volatile elements in 



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men。 The test of a successful play was whether the crowds�察�any crowds�察�

came to it。 And as always happens when a man wants to catch the interest 

of a crowd�察�the stage catered to its lowest interests。 You can hardly read 

the story of the times without feeling that the Puritan made no mistake in 

his   day。   He   could   not   have   been   the   thoughtful   man   who   would   stand 

strong in the struggle for liberty on that side of the sea and the struggle for 

life on this side of the sea without opposing trifling and vice。 

     2。   The   antagonism   of   the   early   Puritan   to   popular   frivolity   needs   to 

have   the   times   around   it   to   be   understood。   No   great   movement   carries 

everybody with it�察�and while it is still struggling the majority will be on 

the opposing side。 While the real leadership of England was passing into 

the   stronger   and   more   serious   hands   the   artificial   excesses   of   life   grew 

strong on the people。 ;Fortunes were being sunk and estates mortgaged in 

order that   men should   wear jewels   and dress in   colored silks。;��1�А �In the 

pressure     of   grave   national    needs    men     persisted    in  frivolity。  The    two 

reigning   vices   were   drunkenness   and   swearing。   In   their   cups   men   were 

guilty   of   the   grossest   indecencies。   Even   their   otherwise   harmless   sports 

were endangered。 The popular notion of the May´pole dances misses the 

real point of the Puritan opposition to it in Old and New England。 It was 

not an innocent�察�jovial out´door event。 Once it may have been that。 Very 

often it was only part of a day which brought immorality and vice in its 

train。 It was part of a rural paganism。 Some of the customs involved such 

grave perils�察�with their seclusion of young people from early dawn in the 

forests�察�as to make it impossible to approve it。 Over against all these things 

the Puritans set themselves。 Sometimes they carried this solemnity to an 

absurd   length�察  �justifying   it   by   Scripture   verses   misapplied。   Against   the 

affected elegancies of speech they set the plain yea�察�yea and nay�察�nay of 

Scripture。 In their clothing�察�their homes�察�their churches�察�they�察�and in even 

more marked degree�察�the Quakers�察�registered their solemn protest against 

the frivolity of the times。 If they went too far�察�it is certain their protest was 

needed。     Macaulay's      epigram      is  familiar�察  �that  the   Puritan    ;hated   bear´ 

baiting�察�not because it gave pain to the bear�察�but because it gave pleasure 

to the spectators。; In so far as that is true�察�it is to the credit of the Puritan�察�

for the bear can stand the pain of being baited far better than human nature 



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can stand the coarsening effects of baiting him�察�and it is nobler to oppose 

such sport on human grounds than on animal grounds。 But�察�of course�察�the 

epigram  is   Macaulay's�察  �and   must be   read   with qualification。 The   fact   is�察�

and he says it often enough without epigrams�察�that the times had become 

trifling except as this grave�察�thoughtful group influenced them。 

       ��1�А�Trevelyan�察�England under the Stuarts�察�p。 66。 

       3。 The   attitude   of   the   Puritans   toward   the   Sabbath   came   from  their 

serious thought of the Bible。 Puritanism gave England the Sabbath again 

and planted it in America as an institution。 Of course�察�these men learned 

all that they knew of it  from the   Bible。 From  that day�察 �in spite   of   much 

change in thought of it�察�English´ speaking people have never been wilful 

abusers of the Sabbath。 But the condition in that day was very different。 

Most of the games were on the day set apart as the Sabbath。 There were 

bull´baiting�察�bear´baiting�察�and football on Sunday。 Calvin himself�察�though 

not   in   England�察  �bowled   on   Sunday�察  �and   poor   Knox   attended   festivities 

then�察�saying grimly that what little is right on week´days is not wrong on 

Sundays。 After the service on Sunday morning the people thronged to the 

village   green�察  �where   ale   flowed   freely   and   games   were   played   until   the 

evening   dance   was   called。   It   was   a   work´day。   Elizabeth   issued   a   special 

injunction that people work after service on Sundays and holidays if they 

wished   to   do   so。   Employers   were   sustained   in   their   demand   for   Sunday 

work。 

     There     are  always     people    in  every    time   who    count    that  the   ideal 

Sabbath。      The    Puritans     found    it  when     they    appeared。     The    English 

Reformation found it when it came。 And the Bible found it when at last it 

came out of obscurity and laid hold on national conditions。 Whatever is to 

be said of other races�察�every period of English´speaking history assures us 

that our moral power increases or weakens with the rise or fall of Sabbath 

reverence。   The   Puritans   saw   that。   They   saw�察  �as   many   other   thoughtful 

people   saw�察    �that  the   steady�察  �repeated   observance       of  the  Sabbath     gave 

certain    national    influences    a   chance    to  work�察   �reminded     the   nation   of 

certain great underlying and undying principles�察�in short�察�brought God into 

human thought。 The Sunday of pleasure or work could never accomplish 

that。  Both   as   religionists   and   as   patriots�察  �as   lovers   of   God   and lovers   of 



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men�察�they opposed the pleasure´Sunday and held for the Sabbath。 

     But   that   comes   around   again   to   the   saying   that   the   persistent   moral 

appeal   of   the   Bible   gives   it   inevitable   influence   on   history。   It   centers 

thought on moral issues。 It challenges men to moral combats。 

     Such   a   force   persistently   working   in   men's   minds   is   irresistible。   It 

cannot   be   opposed�察  �it   can   only   fail   by   being   neglected。 And   this   is   the 

force   which   has   been   steadily   at   work   everywhere   in   English´speaking 

history since the King James version came to be。 



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                               LECTURE VI 



                      THE BIBLE IN THE LIFE OF TO´DAY 

     THIS      lecture   must    differ   at  two    points    from    those   which     have 

preceded it。   In the   first place�察  �the other lectures have dealt   entirely  with 

facts。 This must deal also with judgments。 In the earlier lectures we have 

avoided any consideration of what ought to have been and have centered 

our    interest   on   what    actually    did   occur。   We    especially     avoided    any 

argument       based   on   a  theory    of   the  literary   characteristics     or  literary 

influence     of   the  Bible�察  �but   sought    first  to  find  the   facts  and   then   to 

discover what explained them。 It might be very difficult to determine what 

is the actual place of the Bible in the life of to´day。 Perhaps it would be 

impossible to give a broad�察�fair judgment。 It is quite certain that the people 

of James's day did not realize the place it was taking。 It is equally certain 

that many of those whom it most influenced were entirely unconscious of 

the fact。 It is 

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