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misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟)-及17嫗

弌傍�� misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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derived   so   much   benefit   from   the   empire   of   Rome   as   from   the   city   of 

Athens�察  �nor   from   the   kingdom   of   France   as   from   the   city   of   Florence。 

The violence of party feeling may be an evil�察�but it calls forth that activity 

of mind which in some states of society it is desirable to produce at any 

expense。       Universal soldiership may be an evil�察�but where every man is a 

soldier there will be no standing army。               And is it no evil that one man in 

every  fifty  should be   bred   to   the   trade  of slaughter�察  �should   live only  by 

destroying and by exposing himself to be destroyed�察�should fight without 

enthusiasm        and   conquer      without     glory�察  �be   sent    to  a   hospital    when 

wounded�察  �and   rot   on   a   dunghill   when   old�拭  �Such�察  �over   more   than   two´ 

thirds of Europe�察�is the fate of soldiers。            It was something that the citizen 

of Milan or Florence fought�察�not merely in the vague and rhetorical sense 

in which the words are often used�察�but in sober truth�察�for his parents�察�his 

children�察    �his   lands�察  �his   house�察   �his   altars。   It   was    something      that   he 

marched forth to battle beneath the Carroccio�察�which had been the object 

of   his   childish   veneration�此     �that   his   aged   father   looked   down   from   the 

battlements       on   his  exploits�察   �that   his   friends    and   his   rivals   were    the 

witnesses      of  his   glory。    If   he  fell�察 �he   was    consigned     to   no  venal    or 

heedless   guardians。        The   same   day  saw   him  conveyed   within   the   walls 

which   he   had   defended。   His   wounds   were   dressed   by   his   mother�察  �his 



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confession       was   whispered      to   the   friendly   priest   who     had   heard    and 

absolved the follies of his youth�察�his last sigh was breathed upon the lips 

of the lady of his love。        Surely there is no sword like that which is beaten 

out of a ploughshare。          Surely this state of things was not unmixedly bad�察�

its   evils   were  alleviated   by  enthusiasm  and   by  tenderness�察  �and it   will   at 

least be acknowledged that it was well fitted to nurse poetical genius in an 

imaginative and observant mind。 

     Nor did the religious spirit of the age tend less to this result than its 

political circumstances。         Fanaticism is an evil�察�but it is not the greatest of 

evils。    It   is   good   that   a   people   should   be   roused   by   any   means   from   a 

state   of   utter   torpor��that   their   minds   should   be   diverted   from   objects 

merely sensual�察�to meditations�察�however erroneous�察�on the mysteries of the 

moral   and   intellectual   world�察  �and   from   interests   which   are   immediately 

selfish to those which relate to the past�察�the future�察�and the remote。                  These 

effects have sometimes been produced by the worst superstitions that ever 

existed�察    �but   the    Catholic     religion�察  �even     in  the   time    of   its  utmost 

extravagance and atrocity�察�never wholly lost the spirit of the Great Teacher�察�

whose precepts form the noblest code�察�as His conduct furnished the purest 

example�察  �of   moral   excellence。         It   is   of   all   religions   the   most   poetical。 

The   ancient   superstitions   furnished   the   fancy   with   beautiful   images�察  �but 

took no hold on the heart。          The doctrines of the Reformed Churches have 

most powerfully influenced the feelings and the conduct of men�察�but have 

not   presented   them   with   visions   of   sensible   beauty   and   grandeur。         The 

Roman Catholic Church has united to the awful doctrines of the one that 

Mr   Coleridge   calls   the   ;fair   humanities;   of   the   other。      It   has   enriched 

sculpture and painting with the loveliest and most majestic forms。                      To the 

Phidian   Jupiter   it   can   oppose   the   Moses   of   Michael Angelo�察  �and   to   the 

voluptuous       beauty     of  the   Queen     of   Cyprus�察    �the  serene    and    pensive 

loveliness of the Virgin Mother。            The legends of its martyrs and its saints 

may vie in ingenuity and interest with the mythological fables of Greece�察�

its   ceremonies   and   processions   were   the   delight   of   the   vulgar�察  �the   huge 

fabric     of  secular    power     with    which     it  was    connected      attracted    the 

admiration of the statesman。            At the same time�察�it never lost sight of the 

most     solemn     and    tremendous      doctrines     of  Christianity��the      incarnate 



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God��the judgment��the retribution��the eternity of happiness or torment。 

Thus�察  �while�察  �like   the   ancient   religions�察  �it   received   incalculable   support 

from policy and ceremony�察�it never wholly became�察�like those religions�察�a 

merely political and ceremonial institution。 

     The     beginning     of  the   thirteenth    century    was�察   �as  Machiavelli      has 

remarked�察  �the   era   of   a   great   revival   of   this   extraordinary   system。   The 

policy     of  Innocent��the     growth     of  the   Inquisition    and   the   mendicant 

orders��the wars against the Albigenses�察�the Pagans of the East�察�and the 

unfortunate princes of the house of Swabia�察�agitated Italy during the two 

following   generations。        In   this   point   Dante   was   completely   under   the 

influence of his age。 He was a man of a turbid and melancholy spirit。                      In 

early   youth   he   had   entertained   a   strong   and   unfortunate   passion�察  �which�察�

long    after   the  death   of   her  whom   he     loved�察   �continued     to  haunt   him。 

Dissipation�察�ambition�察�misfortunes had not effaced it。                 He was not only a 

sincere�察�but a passionate�察�believer。           The crimes and abuses of the Church 

of Rome were indeed loathsome to him�察�but to all its doctrines and all its 

rites he adhered with enthusiastic fondness and veneration�察�and�察�at length�察�

driven from his native country�察�reduced to a situation the most painful to a 

man of his disposition�察�condemned to learn by experience that no food is 

so bitter as the bread of dependence �─�Tu proverai si come sa di sale Lo 

pane   altrui�察  �e   come   e   duro   calle   Lo   scendere   e'l   sa'ir   per   l'altrui   scale。; 

Paradiso�察�canto xvii。���察�

     and   no   ascent   so   painful   as   the   staircase   of   a   patron��his   wounded 

spirit took refuge in visionary devotion。             Beatrice�察�the unforgotten object 

of his early tenderness�察�was invested by his imagination with glorious and 

mysterious attributes�察�she was enthroned among the highest of the celestial 

hierarchy�此     �Almighty Wisdom had assigned to her the care of the sinful 

and    unhappy      wanderer     who    had   loved    her   with   such   a  perfect    love。 

�─�L'amico mio�察�e non della ventura。;             Inferno�察�canto ii。��      By a confusion�察�

like that which often takes place in dreams�察�he has sometimes lost sight of 

her    human     nature�察  �and   even    of  her   personal    existence�察   �and   seems    to 

consider her as one of the attributes of the Deity。 

     But those religious hopes which had released the mind of the sublime 

enthusiast from the terrors of death had not rendered his speculations on 



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human life more cheerful。            This is an inconsistency which may often be 

observed      in  men    of  a  similar   temperament。        He

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