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misc writings and speeches(致帽針傍嚥亟)-及53嫗

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momentous   effects。          Thus   it   has   been   in   the   present   case。   Historians 

have�察    �almost     without     exception�察     �confined     themselves       to   the   public 

transactions   of   states�察  �and   have   left   to   the   negligent   administration   of 

writers of fiction a province at least equally extensive and valuable。 

     All wise statesmen have agreed to consider the prosperity or adversity 

of   nations   as   made   up of   the happiness   or   misery  of   individuals�察 �and   to 

reject   as   chimerical   all   notions   of   a   public   interest   of   the   community�察�

distinct from the interest of the component parts。                   It is therefore strange 

that    those   whose     office   it  is  to  supply     statesmen     with    examples      and 

warnings        should     omit�察   �as    too    mean     for    the   dignity     of    history�察�

circumstances   which   exert   the   most   extensive   influence   on   the   state   of 

society。     In   general�察  �the   under   current   of   human   life   flows   steadily   on�察�

unruffled by the storms which agitate the surface。                   The happiness of the 

many commonly depends on causes independent of victories or defeats�察�of 

revolutions   or   restorations��causes   which   can   be   regulated   by   no   laws�察�

and which are recorded in no archives。 These causes are the things which 

it   is   of  main   importance   to   us   to   know�察  �not     how   the    Lacedaemonian 

phalanx was broken at Leuctra��not whether Alexander died of poison or 

by disease。 History�察�without these�察�is a shell without a kernel�察�and such is 

almost all the history which is extant in the world。                 Paltry skirmishes and 

plots are reported with absurd and useless minuteness�察�but improvements 

the most essential to the comfort of human life extend themselves over the 

world�察  �and   introduce   themselves   into   every   cottage�察  �before   any   annalist 

can     condescend�察       �from    the    dignity    of    writing     about    generals      and 

ambassadors�察�to take the least notice of them。                   Thus the progress of the 

most salutary inventions and discoveries is buried in impenetrable mystery�察�

mankind   are   deprived   of   a   most   useful   species   of   knowledge�察  �and   their 

benefactors of their honest fame。 In the meantime every child knows by 

heart   the   dates   and   adventures   of   a   long   line   of   barbarian   kings。     The 

history   of   nations�察  �in   the   sense   in   which   I   use   the   word�察  �is   often   best 

studied in works not professedly historical。               Thucydides�察�as far as he goes�察�

is   an   excellent   writer�察  �yet   he   affords   us   far   less   knowledge   of   the   most 

important particulars relating to Athens than Plato or Aristophanes。                        The 



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little treatise of Xenophon on Domestic Economy contains more historical 

information than all the seven books of his Hellenics。                 The same may be 

said of the Satires of Horace�察�of the Letters of Cicero�察�of the novels of Le 

Sage�察�of the memoirs of Marmontel。                Many others might be mentioned�察�

but these sufficiently illustrate my meaning。 

     I would hope that there may yet appear a writer who may despise the 

present narrow limits�察�and assert the rights of history over every part of her 

natural domain。        Should such a writer engage in that enterprise�察�in which 

I cannot but consider Mr Mitford as having failed�察�he will record�察�indeed�察�

all that is interesting and important in military and political transactions�察�

but he will not think anything too trivial for the gravity of history which is 

not   too   trivial   to   promote   or   diminish   the   happiness   of   man。   He   will 

portray      in   vivid    colours    the    domestic      society�察   �the   manners�察     �the 

amusements�察       �the  conversation      of  the   Greeks。    He     will  not   disdain   to 

discuss     the   state   of  agriculture�察   �of   the   mechanical      arts�察 �and    of  the 

conveniences        of  life。  The     progress    of  painting�察   �of  sculpture�察   �and   of 

architecture�察�will form an important part of his plan。                But�察�above all�察�his 

attention will be given to the history of that splendid literature from which 

has sprung all the strength�察�the wisdom�察�the freedom�察�and the glory�察�of the 

western world。 

     Of the indifference which Mr Mitford shows on this subject I will not 

speak�察�for I cannot speak with fairness。             It is a subject on which I love to 

forget the accuracy of a judge�察�in the veneration of a worshipper and the 

gratitude of   a  child。     If  we  consider merely  the  subtlety  of   disquisition�察�

the   force   of   imagination�察  �the   perfect   energy   and   elegance   of   expression 

which      characterise     the   great    works     of   Athenian      genius�察   �we    must 

pronounce them intrinsically most valuable�察�but what shall we say when 

we    reflect   that  from   hence     have   sprung     directly   or  indirectly�察  �all  the 

noblest   creations   of   the   human   intellect�察  �that   from   hence   were   the   vast 

accomplishments   and   the   brilliant   fancy   of   Cicero�察  �the   withering   fire   of 

Juvenal�察  �the   plastic   imagination   of   Dante�察  �the   humour   of   Cervantes�察  �the 

comprehension   of   Bacon�察  �the   wit   of   Butler�察  �the   supreme   and   universal 

excellence   of   Shakspeare�拭        �All   the   triumphs   of   truth   and   genius   over 

prejudice   and   power�察  �in   every   country   and   in   every   age�察  �have   been   the 



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triumphs   of     Athens。     Wherever   a     few   great   minds   have     made     a  stand 

against   violence   and   fraud�察  �in   the   cause   of   liberty  and   reason�察 �there   has 

been her spirit in the midst of them�察�inspiring�察�encouraging�察�consoling�察�

by the lonely lamp of Erasmus�察�by the restless bed of Pascal�察�in the tribune 

of Mirabeau�察�in the cell of Galileo�察�on the scaffold of Sidney。                      But who 

shall   estimate   her   influence   on   private   happiness�拭       �Who   shall   say   how 

many   thousands        have    been    made    wiser�察  �happier�察   �and    better�察 �by   those 

pursuits in which she has taught   mankind to engage�此                   �to how many  the 

studies which took their rise from her have been wealth in poverty��liberty 

in    bondage��health       in   sickness��society      in   solitude�拭    �Her     power     is 

indeed   manifested   at   the   bar�察  �in   the   senate�察  �in   the   field   of   battle�察  �in   the 

schools of philosophy。          But these are not her glory。           Wherever literature 

consoles sorrow�察  �or   assuages   pain�察  �wherever   it brings   gladness   to   eyes 

which fail with wakefulness and tears�察�and ache for the dark house and the 

long sleep��there is exhibited�察�in its noblest form�察�the immortal influence 

of Athens。 

     The   dervise�察  �in   the   Arabian   tale�察  �did   not   hesitate   to   abandon   to   his 

comrade the camels with their load of jewels and gold�察�while he retained 

the   casket   of   that   mysterious   juice   which   enabled   him   to   behold   at   one 

glance all the hidden riches of the universe。 Surely it is no exaggeration to 

say that no external advantage is to be compared with that purification of 

the intellectual eye which gives us to contemplate the infinite wealth of the 

mental   world�察 �all   the   hoarded treasures of its  primeval   dynasties�察 �all the 

shapeless ore of its yet une

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