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                                SEVEN DISCOURSES ON ART 



judgment       to   dispose     the   drapery�察    �so   that   the   folds   have     an   easy 

communication�察         �and   gracefully     follow     each   other�察   �with   such    natural 

negligence as to look like the effect of chance�察�and at the same time show 

the figure under it to the utmost advantage。 

     Carlo   Maratti   was   of   opinion   that   the   disposition   of   drapery   was   a 

more   difficult   art   than   even   that   of   drawing   the   human   figure�察  �that   a 

student might be more easily taught the latter than the former�察�as the rules 

of    drapery�察   �he   said�察  �could    not   be   so   well   ascertained      as  those    for 

delineating   a   correct   form�察  �This�察  �perhaps�察  �is   a   proof   how   willingly   we 

favour our own peculiar excellence。               Carlo Maratti is said to have valued 

himself   particularly   upon   his   skill   in   this   part   of   the   art   yet   in   him   the 

disposition appears so artificial�察�that he is inferior to Raffaelle�察�even in that 

which gave him his best claim to reputation 

     Such is the great principle by which we must be directed in the nobler 

branches of our art。         Upon this principle the Roman�察�the Florentine�察�the 

Bolognese   schools�察  �have   formed   their   practice�察  �and   by   this   they   have 

deservedly obtained the highest praise。               These are the three great schools 

of the world in the epic style。          The best of the French school�察�Poussin�察�Le 

Sueur�察  �and   Le   Brun�察  �have   formed   themselves   upon   these   models�察  �and 

consequently   may   be   said�察  �though   Frenchmen�察  �to   be   a   colony   from   the 

Roman school。          Next to these�察�but in a very different style of excellence�察�

we     may    rank   the   Venetian�察   �together    with    the  Flemish     and   the   Dutch 

schools�察�all professing to depart from the great purposes of painting�察�and 

catching at applause by inferior qualities。 

     I am not ignorant that some will censure me for placing the Venetians 

in this inferior class�察�and many of the warmest admirers of painting will 

think     them    unjustly    degraded�察     �but   I  wish    not   to  be   misunderstood。 

Though I can by no means allow them to hold any rank with the nobler 

schools of painting�察�they accomplished perfectly the thing they attempted。 

But as mere elegance is their principal object�察�as they seem more willing 

to dazzle than to affect�察�it can be no injury to them to suppose that their 

practice   is   useful   only   to   its   proper   end。   But   what   may   heighten   the 

elegant may degrade the sublime。                There is a simplicity�察�and I may add�察�

severity�察�in the great manner�察�which is�察�I am afraid�察�almost incompatible 



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                               SEVEN DISCOURSES ON ART 



with this comparatively sensual style。 

     Tintoret�察 �Paul Veronese�察  �and   others   of   the Venetian   schools�察  �seem  to 

have painted with no other purpose than to be admired for their skill and 

expertness in the mechanism of painting�察�and to make a parade of that art 

which�察  �as   I   before   observed�察  �the   higher   style   requires   its   followers   to 

conceal。 

     In   a   conference   of   the   French   Academy�察  �at   which   were   present   Le 

Brun�察�Sebastian Bourdon�察�and all the eminent artists of that age�察�one of the 

academicians        desired    to  have    their   opinion    on   the   conduct     of  Paul 

Veronese�察 �who�察  �though  a   painter  of   great   consideration�察  �had�察 �contrary  to 

the strict rules of art�察�in his picture of Perseus and Andromeda�察�represented 

the principal figure in shade。         To this question no satisfactory answer was 

then given。 But I will venture to say�察�that if they had considered the class 

of the artist�察�and ranked him as an ornamental painter�察�there would have 

been no difficulty in answering�此           �It was unreasonable to expect what was 

never intended。       His intention was solely to produce an effect of light and 

Shadow�察�everything was to be sacrificed to that intent�察�and the capricious 

composition of that picture suited very well with the style he professed。; 

     Young minds are indeed too apt to be captivated by this splendour of 

style�察�and that of the Venetians will be particularly pleasing�察�for by them 

all those parts of the art that give pleasure to the eye or sense have been 

cultivated with care�察�and carried to the degree nearest to perfection。                   The 

powers   exerted   in   the   mechanical   part   of   the   art   have   been   called   the 

language of painters�察�but we must say�察�that it is but poor eloquence which 

only shows   that   the   orator   can   talk。    Words should be   employed   as   the 

means�察  �not   as   the   end�此   �language   is   the   instrument�察  �conviction   is      the 

work。 

     The  language of   painting   must indeed   be   allowed   these  masters�察  �but 

even   in   that   they   have   shown   more   copiousness   than   choice�察  �and   more 

luxuriancy   than   judgment。        If   we   consider   the   uninteresting   subjects   of 

their   invention�察  �or   at   least   the   uninteresting   manner   in   which   they   are 

treated�察  �if   we   attend   to   their   capricious   composition�察  �their   violent   and 

affected contrasts�察�whether of figures�察�or of light and shadow�察�the richness 

of    their  drapery�察   �and�察  �at  the   same    time�察  �the   mean     effect   which    the 



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discrimination of stuffs gives to their pictures�察�if to these we add their total 

inattention      to  expression�察    �and   then   reflect   on   the   conceptions   and      the 

learning   of   Michael   Angelo�察  �or   the   simplicity   of   Raffaelle�察  �we   can   no 

longer dwell on the comparison。                Even   in colouring�察�if we compare  the 

quietness and chastity of the Bolognese pencil to the bustle and tumult that 

fills every part of�察�a Venetian picture�察�without the least attempt to interest 

the passions�察�their boasted art will appear a mere struggle without effect�察�

an empty tale told by an idiot�察�full of sound and fury�察�signifying nothing。 

     Such as suppose that the great style might happily be blended with the 

ornamental�察�that the simple�察�grave�察�and majestic dignity of Raffaelle could 

unite with the glow and bustle of a Paulo or Tintoret�察�are totally mistaken。 

The principles by  which   each are   attained   are so contrary  to   each   other�察�

that   they   seem�察  �in   my   opinion�察  �incompatible�察  �and   as   impossible   to   exist 

together�察�as to unite in the mind at the same time the most sublime ideas 

and the lowest sensuality。 

     The subjects of the Venetian painters are mostly such as give them an 

opportunity       of  introducing      a  great   number      of  figures�察   �such   as   feasts�察�

marriages�察�and processions�察�public martyrdoms�察�or   miracles。 I can   easily 

conceive that Paul Veronese�察�if he were asked�察�would say that no subject 

was   proper   for   an   historical   picture   but   such   as   admitted   at   least   forty 

figures�察    �for   in  a   less   number�察    �he    would     assert�察  �there   could     be   no 

opportunity of the painter's showing his art in composition�察�his dexterity of 

managing and disposing the masses of light�察�and groups of figures�察�and of 

introducing a variety of Eastern dresses and characters in their rich stuffs。 

     But   the   thing   is   very   different   with   a   pupil   of   the   greater   schools。 

Annibale       Caracci    thought     twelve    figures    sufficient   for   any   story�此   �he 

conceived that more would contribute

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