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seven discourses on art(簒宝鈍讐恙)-及17嫗

弌傍�� seven discourses on art(簒宝鈍讐恙) 忖方�� 耽匈4000忖

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!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��




portrait painter is desirous to raise and improve his subject�察�he has no other 

means   than   by   approaching   it   to   a   general   idea。     He   leaves   out   all   the 

minute breaks and peculiarities in the face�察�and changes the dress from a 

temporary   fashion   to   one   more   permanent�察  �which   has   annexed   to   it   no 

ideas     of  meanness       from    its  being    familiar    to  us。    But     if  an   exact 

resemblance of an individual be considered as the sole object to be aimed 

at�察  �the   portrait   painter   will   be   apt   to   lose   more   than   he   gains   by   the 

acquired dignity taken from general nature。                It is very difficult to ennoble 

the character of a countenance but at the expense of the likeness�察�which is 

what is most generally required by such as sit to the painter。 

     Of those who have practised the composite style�察�and have succeeded 

in this perilous attempt�察�perhaps the foremost is Correggio。                     His style is 

founded      upon     modern     grace    and    elegance�察   �to   which    is  super�察   �added 

something   of   the   simplicity   of   the   grand   style。     A  breadth   of   light   and 

colour�察�the general ideas of the drapery�察�an uninterrupted flow of outline�察�

all conspire to this effect。         Next him ��perhaps equal to him�� Parmegiano 

has dignified the genteelness of modern effeminacy by uniting it with the 

simplicity of the ancients and the grandeur and severity of Michael Angelo。 

It   must    be  confessed�察    �however�察     �that  these    two   extraordinary      men�察   �by 

endeavouring to give the utmost degree of grace�察�have sometimes�察�perhaps�察�

exceeded       its  boundaries�察    �and   have    fallen   into   the  most    hateful    of  all 

hateful   qualities�察  �affectation。      Indeed�察  �it   is   the   peculiar   characteristic   of 

men   of   genius   to   be   afraid   of   coldness   and   insipidity�察  �from   which   they 

think they never can be too far removed。                It particularly happens to these 

great masters of grace and elegance。                They often boldly drive on to the 

very   verge   of   ridicule�察  �the   spectator   is   alarmed�察  �but   at   the   same   time 

admires their vigour and intrepidity。 

       Strange   graces   still�察  �and   stranger   flights   they   had�察   �   。   。 Yet   ne'er   so 

sure our passion to create Ae when they touch'd the brink of all we hate。 



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       The errors of genius�察�however�察�are pardonable�察�and none even of the 

more exalted painters are wholly free from them�察�but they have taught us�察�

by the rectitude of their general practice�察�to correct their own affected or 

accidental   deviation。       The   very   first   have   not   been   always   upon   their 

guard�察�and perhaps there is not a fault but what may take shelter under the 

most   venerable   authorities�察  �yet   that   style   only   is   perfect   in   which   the 

noblest     principles    are  uniformly     pursued�察    �and   those    masters    only   are 

entitled    to   the   first  rank   in�察 �our   estimation     who     have   enlarged     the 

boundaries       of  their  art�察 �and   have    raised   it  to  its  highest    dignity�察  �by 

exhibiting the general ideas of nature。 

     On the whole�察�it seems to me that there is but one presiding principle 

which regulates and gives stability to every art。                The works�察�whether of 

poets�察   �painters�察  �moralists�察   �or   historians�察  �which     are  built   upon    general 

nature�察  �live   for   ever�察  �while   those   which   depend   for   their   existence   on 

particular customs and habits�察�a partial view of nature�察�or the fluctuation of 

fashion�察    �can   only   be   coeval    with    that  which     first  raised   them    from 

obscurity。     Present   time   and   future   maybe   considered   as   rivals�察  �and   he 

who solicits the one must expect to be discountenanced by the other。 



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                          A DISCOURSE V 



             Delivered to the Students of the Royal Academy on the 

     Distribution of the Prizes�察�December 10�察�1772�察�by the President。 

     Gentlemen��I purpose to carry on in this discourse the subject which I 

began   in   my   last。  It   was   my   wish   upon   that   occasion   to   incite   you   to 

pursue the higher excellences of the art。           But I fear that in this particular I 

have been misunderstood。           Some are ready to imagine�察�when any of their 

favourite acquirements in the art are properly classed�察�that they are utterly 

disgraced。      This   is   a   very   great   mistake�此�nothing   has   its   proper   lustre 

but   in   its   proper   place。  That   which   is   most   worthy   of   esteem   in   its 

allotted sphere becomes an object�察�not of respect�察�but of derision�察�when it 

is   forced   into   a   higher�察  �to   which   it   is   not   suited�察  �and   there   it   becomes 

doubly a source of disorder�察�by occupying a situation which is not natural 

to   it�察  �and   by   putting   down   from   the   first   place   what   is   in   reality   of   too 

much   magnitude   to   become   with   grace   and   proportion   that   subordinate 

station�察�to which something of less value would be much better suited。 

     My advice in a word is this�此        �keep your principal attention fixed upon 

the higher excellences。        If you compass them and compass nothing more�察�

you are still in the first class。        We may regret the innumerable beauties 

which you may want�此          �you may be very imperfect�此           �but still�察�you are an 

imperfect person of the highest order。 

     If�察 �when     you   have   got   thus   far�察 �you   can  add    any�察 �or  all�察 �of  the 

subordinate  qualifications�察  �it   is   my   wish   and   advice   that   you   should   not 

neglect them。 

     But this is as much a matter of circumspection and caution at least as 

of eagerness and pursuit。 

     The mind is apt to be distracted by a multiplicity of pursuits�察�and that 

scale of perfection�察�which I wish always to be preserved�察�is in the greatest 

danger of being totally disordered�察�and even inverted。 

     Some excellences bear to be united�察�and are improved by union�察�others 

are of a discordant nature�察�and the attempt to join them only produces a 

harsher jarring of incongruent principles。 



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                               SEVEN DISCOURSES ON ART 



     The attempt to unite contrary excellences ��of form�察�for instance�� in a 

single   figure�察  �can   never   escape   degenerating   into   the   monstrous�察  �but   by 

sinking into the insipid�察�taking away its marked character�察�and weakening 

its expression。 

     This remark is true to a certain degree with regard to the passions。                  If 

you mean to preserve the most perfect beauty in its most perfect state�察�you 

cannot   express   the   passions�察  �which   produce   ��all   of   them��   distortion   and 

deformity�察�more or less�察�in the most beautiful faces。 

     Guido�察�from want of choice in adapting his subject to his ideas and his 

powers�察     �or  in  attempting     to   preserve    beauty    where     it  could   not   be 

preserved   has   in   this   respect   succeeded   very   ill。   His   figures   are   often 

engaged   in   subjects   that   required   great   expression�此     �yet   his   ;Judith   and 

Holofernes�察─     �the   ;Daughter     of  Herodias     with   the   Baptist's   Head�察─   �the 

;Andromeda�察─�and even the ;Mothers of the Innocents�察─�have little more 

expression than his ;Venus attired by the Graces。; 

     Obvious   as   these   

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