indian heroes and great chieftains(咫及芦哂俛)-及31嫗
梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ○ 賜 ★ 辛酔堀貧和鍬匈��梓囚徒貧議 Enter 囚辛指欺云慕朕村匈��梓囚徒貧圭�鮗� ● 辛指欺云匈競何��
!!!!隆堋響頼��紗秘慕禰厮宴和肝写偬堋響��
camps。 This once Joseph was surprised。 He had seen no trace of the
soldiers and had somewhat relaxed his vigilance。
He told his little daughter to stay where she was�察�and himself cut right
through the cavalry and rode up to his own teepee�察�where his wife met him
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at the door with his rifle�察 �crying�此 �Here is your gun�察 �husband� ─�The
warriors quickly gathered and pressed the soldiers so hard that they had to
withdraw。 Meanwhile one set of the people fled while Joseph's own band
entrenched themselves in a very favorable position from which they could
not easily be dislodged。
General Miles had received and acted on General Howard's message�察�
and he now sent one of his officers with some Indian scouts into Joseph's
camp to negotiate with the chief。 Meantime Howard and Sturgis came up
with the encampment�察�and Howard had with him two friendly Nez Perce
scouts who were directed to talk to Joseph in his own language。 He
decided that there was nothing to do but surrender。
He had believed that his escape was all but secure�此 �then at the last
moment he was surprised and caught at a disadvantage。 His army was
shattered�察�he had lost most of the leaders in these various fights�察�his people�察�
including children�察 �women�察 �and the wounded�察 �had traveled thirteen
hundred miles in about fifty days�察�and he himself a young man who had
never before taken any important responsibility� �Even now he was not
actually conquered。 He was well entrenched�察�his people were willing to
die fighting�察�but the army of the United States offered peace and he agreed�察�
as he said�察�out of pity for his suffering people。 Some of his warriors still
refused to surrender and slipped out of the camp at night and through the
lines。 Joseph had�察�as he told me�察�between three and four hundred fighting
men in the beginning�察 �which means over one thousand persons�察 �and of
these several hundred surrendered with him。
His own story of the conditions he made was prepared by himself with
my help in 1897�察�when he came to Washington to present his grievances。
I sat up with him nearly all of one night�察�and I may add here that we took
the document to General Miles who was then stationed in Washington�察�
before presenting it to the Department。 The General said that every word
of it was true。
In the first place�察�his people were to be kept at Fort Keogh�察�Montana�察�
over the winter and then returned to their reservation。 Instead they were
taken to Fort Leavenworth�察�Kansas�察�and placed between a lagoon and the
Missouri River�察 �where the sanitary conditions made havoc with them。
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Those who did not die were then taken to the Indian Territory�察�where the
health situation was even worse。 Joseph appealed to the government
again and again�察�and at last by the help of Bishops Whipple and Hare he
was moved to the Colville reservation in Washington。 Here the land was
very poor�察�unlike their own fertile valley。 General Miles said to the chief
that he had recommended and urged that their agreement be kept�察�but the
politicians and the people who occupied the Indians' land declared they
were afraid if he returned he would break out again and murder innocent
white settlers� �What irony� �
The great Chief Joseph died broken´spirited and broken´hearted。 He
did not hate the whites�察�for there was nothing small about him�察�and when
he laid down his weapons he would not fight on with his mind。 But he
was profoundly disappointed in the claims of a Christian civilization。 I
call him great because he was simple and honest。 Without education or
special training he demonstrated his ability to lead and to fight when
justice demanded。 He outgeneraled the best and most experienced
commanders in the army of the United States�察�although their troops were
well provisioned�察 �well armed�察 �and above all unencumbered。 He was
great finally�察 �because he never boasted of his remarkable feat。 I am
proud of him�察�because he was a true American。
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LITTLE WOLF
If any people ever fought for liberty and justice�察�it was the Cheyennes。
If any ever demonstrated their physical and moral courage beyond cavil�察�it
was this race of purely American heroes�察�among whom Little Wolf was a
leader。
I knew the chief personally very well。 As a young doctor�察�I was sent
to the Pine Ridge agency in 1890�察�as government physician to the Sioux
and the Northern Cheyennes。 While I heard from his own lips of that
gallant dash of his people from their southern exile to their northern home�察�
I prefer that Americans should read of it in Doctor George Bird Grinnell's
book�察 �The Fighting Cheyennes。; No account could be clearer or simpler�察�
and then too�察�the author cannot be charged with a bias in favor of his own
race。
At the time that I knew him�察�Little Wolf was a handsome man�察�with the
native dignity and gentleness�察 �musical voice�察 �and pleasant address of so
many brave leaders of his people。 One day when he was dining with us
at our home on the reservation�察�I asked him�察�as I had a habit of doing�察�for
some reminiscences of his early life。 He was rather reluctant to speak�察�
but a friend who was present contributed the following�此�
;Perhaps I can tell you why it is that he has been a lucky man all his
life。 When quite a small boy�察�the tribe was one winter in want of food�察�
and his good mother had saved a small piece of buffalo meat�察�which she
solemnly brought forth and placed before him with the remark�此�'My son
must be patient�察 �for when he grows up he will know even harder times
than this。'
;He had eaten nothing all day and was pretty hungry�察 �but before he
could lay hands on the meat a starving dog snatched it and bolted from the
teepee。 The mother ran after the dog and brought him back for
punishment。 She tied him to a post and was about to whip him when the
boy interfered。 'Don't hurt him�察 �mother��' he cried�察 �'he took the meat
because he was hungrier than I am��';
I was told of another kind act of his under trying circumstances。
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While still a youth�察�he was caught out with a party of buffalo hunters in a
blinding blizzard。 They were compelled to lie down side by side in the
snowdrifts�察�and it was a day and a night before they could get out。 The
weather turned very cold�察�and when the men arose they were in danger of
freezing。 Little Wolf pressed his fine buffalo robe upon an old man who
was shaking with a chill and himself took the other's thin blanket。
As a full´grown young man�察�he was attracted by a maiden of his tribe�察�
and according to the custom then in vogue the pair disappeared。 When
they ret